Evaluation of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in gram-positive bacteria

Article

Rajput, P., Nahar, K.S. and Rahman, K. 2024. Evaluation of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in gram-positive bacteria. Antibiotics. 13 (12). https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13121197
TypeArticle
TitleEvaluation of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in gram-positive bacteria
AuthorsRajput, P., Nahar, K.S. and Rahman, K.
AbstractThe prevalence of resistance in Gram-positive bacterial infections is rapidly rising, presenting a pressing global challenge for both healthcare systems and economies. The WHO categorizes these bacteria into critical, high, and medium priority groups based on the urgency for developing new antibiotics. While the first priority pathogen list was issued in 2017, the 2024 list remains largely unchanged. Despite six years having passed, the progress that has been made in developing novel treatment approaches remains insufficient, allowing antimicrobial resistance to persist and worsen on a global scale. Various strategies have been implemented to address this growing threat by targeting specific resistance mechanisms. This review evaluates antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Gram-positive bacteria, highlighting its critical impact on global health due to the rise of multidrug-resistant pathogens. It focuses on the unique cell wall structure of Gram-positive bacteria, which influences their identification and susceptibility to antibiotics. The review explores the mechanisms of AMR, including enzymatic inactivation, modification of drug targets, limiting drug uptake, and increased drug efflux. It also examines the resistance strategies employed by high-priority Gram-positive pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecium, as identified in the WHO's 2024 priority list.
KeywordsAntibiotics; Gram-positive; S. aureus; multidrug resistance (MDR); E. faecium; S. Pneumoniae; Antimicrobial Resistance (Amr); Priority Pathogen
Sustainable Development Goals3 Good health and well-being
Middlesex University ThemeHealth & Wellbeing
PublisherMDPI
JournalAntibiotics
ISSN
Electronic2079-6382
Publication dates
Online08 Dec 2024
Print01 Dec 2024
Publication process dates
Submitted24 Oct 2024
Accepted05 Dec 2024
Deposited20 Jan 2025
Output statusPublished
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Copyright Statement

© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13121197
PubMed ID39766587
PubMed Central IDPMC11672434
National Library of Medicine ID101637404
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