Proximité, distance, qualité de lecture

Article


Cobley, P. 2026. Proximité, distance, qualité de lecture. Actes Sémiotiques. (134). https://doi.org/10.25965/as.9246
TypeArticle
TitleProximité, distance, qualité de lecture
AlternativeCloseness, distance, quality in reading
AuthorsCobley, P.
Abstract

Le projet de « lecture distante » (Moretti 2013), par opposition au processus établi de « lecture attentive », a été lancé parallèlement aux humanités numériques et aux possibilités ouvertes par l'analyse des mégadonnées et d'autres méthodes computationnelles. Cependant, Moretti (2000) avait déjà exposé les possibilités de la lecture distante dans un récapitulatif de la méthode de l'école des Annales. On peut soutenir que ces méthodes informatiques ont une histoire encore plus longue (Igarashi 2015). Ce qui marque l'opposition entre la lecture attentive et la lecture distante est souvent considéré comme une question d'échelle, avec parfois pour corollaire que la lecture distante entraîne un manque d'attention et une perte de concentration (éditeurs de SubStance 2009). Cet article examine la critique de la lecture distante par opposition à la lecture attentive. Il considère de manière critique l'idée selon laquelle l'échelle de lecture équivaut à la qualité, cette dernière étant entendue comme une interprétation plus nuancée sur le plan affectif et mettant l'accent sur le travail du lecteur pour négocier les différences entre « les déterminants extrinsèques et intrinsèques de l'échelle littéraire » (Orlemanski 2014 : 230). L'article soutiendra également que la question de l'échelle est plus complexe que ne le laisse supposer la dichotomie apparente entre les méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives (Eve 2019). Il cherchera à démontrer comment les nouveaux débats sur la nature même de la lecture (Trasmundi et Cobley 2021 ; Engberg et al 2023) remettent en question et renforcent les promesses de l'intelligence artificielle en matière d'échelle.

The project of ‘distant reading’ (Moretti 2013), as opposed to the established process of ‘close reading’, was inaugurated parallel with both digital humanities and the possibilities opened by Big Data analysis and other computational methods. Already, however, Moretti (2000) had set out the possibilities of distant reading in a recapitulation of Annales School method. Arguably, such computational methods have a longer history still (Igarashi 2015). What marks the opposition of close and distant reading is often assumed to be the issue of scale, sometimes with the corollary that distant reading entails a lack of attention and a loss of focus (Editors of SubStance 2009). This paper will examine the criticism of distant reading in opposition to close reading. It will critically consider the idea that scale in reading is equivalent to quality, the latter in the sense of a more affectively nuanced interpretation and with its emphasis on the reader’s work in negotiating differences of “extrinsic and intrinsic determinants of literary scale” (Orlemanski 2014: 230). The paper will also argue that the matter of scale is more complicated than the apparent dichotomy of quantitative vs. qualitative methods would seem to imply (Eve 2019). It will seek to demonstrate the ways in which new debates about the character of reading itself (Trasmundi and Cobley 2021; Engberg et al 2023), challenge and augment the scale-related promises of Artificial Intelligence.

Keywordsproximité; distance; qualité; lecture distante; AI; Floch; échelle
Sustainable Development Goals10 Reduced inequalities
Middlesex University ThemeCreativity, Culture & Enterprise
PublisherUniversité de Limoges
JournalActes Sémiotiques
ISSN
Electronic2270-4957
Publication dates
Online03 Feb 2026
Publication process dates
Accepted09 Jan 2026
Deposited22 Jan 2026
Output statusPublished
Publisher's version
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File Access Level
Open
Copyright Statement

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.25965/as.9246
LanguageFrench
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