From the West to the Kurdistan region: exploring the complexities of gendered Kurdish return mobilities

This paper examines the phenomenon of gendered return mobilities among Kurdish diaspora returnees from Western countries, analysing their motivations, experiences, and challenges encountered by individuals returning to Kurdistan, Iraq. Drawing on related theoretical frameworks on return mobilities and empirical data collected in Kurdistan, the study offers an in-depth analysis of the multifaceted nature of return migration. Beginning with an examination of return mobilities within the broader context of migration studies, the paper underscores their importance in comprehending migration dynamics and patterns. Furthermore, the paper provides historical context regarding Kurdish displacement and forced migration, offering insights into the historical backdrop that informs contemporary return mobilities patterns. It outlines the research methodology, detailing the procedures involved in data collection and analysis conducted in Kurdistan during 2021 and 2022. Focusing on economic, social, and cultural factors, the paper analyses empirical data from Kurdistan to elucidate the drivers of return mobilities and explore the challenges faced by returnees during their reintegration processes. Finally, the paper concludes by presenting policy implications, offering recommendations for stakeholders, and outlining avenues for future research.