Intensity-dependent direct solar radiation- and UVA-induced radical damage to human skin and DNA, lipids and proteins

Article


Haywood, R., Andrady, C., Kassouf, N. and Sheppard, N. 2011. Intensity-dependent direct solar radiation- and UVA-induced radical damage to human skin and DNA, lipids and proteins. Photochemistry and Photobiology. 87 (1), pp. 117-130. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00850.x
TypeArticle
TitleIntensity-dependent direct solar radiation- and UVA-induced radical damage to human skin and DNA, lipids and proteins
AuthorsHaywood, R., Andrady, C., Kassouf, N. and Sheppard, N.
Abstract

Skin can be exposed to high-intensity UV-radiation in hot countries and during sunbed use; however, the free-radical damage at these intensities is unknown. We used electron spin resonance spectroscopy to measure free-radical generation in ex vivo human skin/substitutes +/- the spin-trap 5,5 dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) exposed to solar-irradiation equivalent to Mediterranean sunlight. Skin-substitutes, model DNA-photosensitizer systems, lipids and proteins were also irradiated with low-intensity UVA/visible light. Without DMPO a broad singlet was detected (using both irradiations) in skin/substitutes, nail-keratin, tendon-collagen, phospholipid and DNA+melanin or riboflavin. In addition to lipid-derived (tentatively tert-alkoxyl/acyl-) and protein radicals detected with DMPO at lower intensities, isotropic carbon-, additional oxygen- and hydrogen-adducts were detected in solar-irradiated skin/substitutes at higher intensities. Carbon-adducts were detected in UVA-irradiated human skin cells, DNA+melanin or riboflavin and soybean-phospholipid. Anisotropic protein-adducts, comparable to adducts in solar-irradiated tendon-collagen, were absent in UVA-irradiated skin fibroblasts suggesting the trapping of extracellular collagen radicals. Absence of hydrogen-adducts in fibroblasts implies formation in the extracellular compartment. We conclude damage at high intensities is part cellular (carbon- and oxygen-radicals) and part extracellular (protein- and hydrogen/H(+)+e(-) ), and skin substitutes are suitable for sunscreen testing. While UVA absorption and lipid-oxidation is direct, DNA and protein-oxidation require photosensitisation.

Research GroupBiomarkers for Cancer group
Molecular Biology group
JournalPhotochemistry and Photobiology
ISSN0031-8655
Publication dates
PrintJan 2011
Publication process dates
Deposited11 Apr 2016
Accepted18 Oct 2010
Output statusPublished
Copyright Statement

Access to full text restricted pending copyright check

Additional information

First published: 8 December 2010

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00850.x
LanguageEnglish
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