UVA-induced carbon-centered radicals in lightly pigmented cells detected using ESR spectroscopy

Article


Kassouf, N., Kay, C., Volkov, A., Chiang, S., Birch-Machin, M., El-Khamisy, S. and Haywood, R. 2018. UVA-induced carbon-centered radicals in lightly pigmented cells detected using ESR spectroscopy. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 126, pp. 153-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.07.019
TypeArticle
TitleUVA-induced carbon-centered radicals in lightly pigmented cells detected using ESR spectroscopy
AuthorsKassouf, N., Kay, C., Volkov, A., Chiang, S., Birch-Machin, M., El-Khamisy, S. and Haywood, R.
Abstract

Ultraviolet-A and melanin are implicated in melanoma, but whether melanin in vivo screens or acts as a UVA photosensitiser is debated. Here, we investigate the effect of UVA-irradiation on non-pigmented, lightly and darkly pigmented melanocytes and melanoma cells using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Using the spin trap 5,5 Dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO), carbon adducts were detected in all cells. However, higher levels of carbon adducts were detected in lightly pigmented cells than in non-pigmented or darkly pigmented cells. Nevertheless, when melanin levels were artificially increased in lightly pigmented cells by incubation with L-Tyrosine, the levels of carbon adducts decreased significantly. Carbon adducts were also detected in UVA-irradiated melanin-free cell nuclei, DNA-melanin systems, and the nucleoside 2’-deoxyguanosine combined with melanin, whereas they were only weakly detected in irradiated synthetic melanin and not at all in irradiated 2’-deoxyguanosine. The similarity of these carbon adducts suggests they may be derived from nucleic acid– guanine – radicals. These observations suggest that melanin is not consistently a UVA screen against free-radical formation in pigmented cells, but may also act as a photosensitizer for the formation of nucleic acid radicals in addition to superoxide. The findings are important for our understanding of the mechanism of damage caused by the UVA component of sunlight in non-melanoma and melanoma cells, and hence the causes of skin cancer.

KeywordsElectron-spin-resonance spectroscopy; Free radicals; Ultraviolet-A ; Melanocyte; Melanoma
Research GroupBiomarkers for Cancer group
Molecular Biology group
PublisherElsevier
JournalFree Radical Biology and Medicine
ISSN0891-5849
Electronic1873-4596
Publication dates
Online25 Jul 2018
Print31 Oct 2018
Publication process dates
Deposited02 Aug 2018
Accepted24 Jul 2018
Output statusPublished
Accepted author manuscript
License
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.07.019
Web of Science identifierWOS:000445759000015
LanguageEnglish
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