Killing environmental campaigners: manifest and latent justifications
Article
Ruggiero, V. 2020. Killing environmental campaigners: manifest and latent justifications. Criminological Encounters. 3 (1), pp. 92-105. https://doi.org/10.26395/CE20030101
Type | Article |
---|---|
Title | Killing environmental campaigners: manifest and latent justifications |
Authors | Ruggiero, V. |
Abstract | In 2018, at least two hundred land and environmental defenders were murdered, the deadliest year on record. This trend is growing but also spreading: killings were dispersed across twenty-four countries, compared to sixteen in 2015. With many killings unreported, and often uninvestigated, it is likely that the true number is far higher. The tide of violence is driven by intensified activity by companies which pursue profit in unexploited areas. This paper gives an account and classification of these killings, providing an analysis of the vast literature produced by environmental NGOs. Adopting a modified form of techniques of neutralization and drawing on the distinction between manifest and latent justifications, the paper examines the responses provided by official actors who are called to account for these killings. |
Keywords | campaigners, violence by proxy killing, justifications |
Publisher | OJS / PKP |
Journal | Criminological Encounters |
ISSN | 2506-7583 |
Publication dates | |
Online | 15 May 2020 |
16 Dec 2020 | |
Publication process dates | |
Deposited | 19 May 2020 |
Accepted | 11 Feb 2020 |
Output status | Published |
Publisher's version | License |
Publisher's version | License |
Copyright Statement | © 2020 Vincenzo Ruggiero. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. |
Web address (URL) | https://www.crisresearchgroup.be/ojs/index.php/crimenc/article/view/53 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.26395/CE20030101 |
Language | English |
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