COVID-CBR: a deep learning architecture featuring case-based reasoning for classification of COVID-19 from chest x-ray images

Conference paper

Gao, X. and Gao, A. 2021. COVID-CBR: a deep learning architecture featuring case-based reasoning for classification of COVID-19 from chest x-ray images. 20th IEEE ICMLA 2021. Virtual online 13 - 16 Dec 2021 IEEE. pp. 1319-1324 https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMLA52953.2021.00214
TypeConference paper
TitleCOVID-CBR: a deep learning architecture featuring case-based reasoning for classification of COVID-19 from chest x-ray images
AuthorsGao, X. and Gao, A.
Abstract

Background and Objectives: This study aims to assist rapid accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 based on chest x-ray (CXR) images to provide supplementary information, leading to screening program for early detection of COVID-19 based on CXR images by developing an interpretable, robust and performant AI system.
Methods: A case-based reasoning approach built upon autoencoder deep learning architecture is applied to classify COVID-19 from other non-COVID-19 as well as normal subjects from chest x-ray images. The system integrates the interpretation and decision-making together by producing a set of profiles that in appearance resemble the training samples and hence explain the outcome of classifications. Three classes are studied, which are COVID-19 (n=250), other non-COVID-19 diseases (NCD) (n=384), including TB and ARDS, and normal (n=327).
Results: This COVID-CBR system sustains the average sensitivity and specificity of 93.1±3.58% and 96.1±4.10% respectively for classification of these three classes. In comparison with the current state of the art, including COVID-Net, VGG-16 and other explainable AI systems, the developed COVID-CBR system appears to perform similar or better when classifying multi-class categories.
Conclusion: This paper presents a case-based reasoning deep learning system for detection of COVID-19 from chest x-ray images. Comparison with several state of the art systems is conducted. Although the improvement tends to be marginal, especially for VGG-16, the novelty of this work manifests its interpretable feature building upon case-based reasoning, leading to revealing this viral insight and hence ascertaining more effective treatment and drugs while maintaining being transparent. Furthermore, different from several other current explainable networks that highlight key regions or the points of an input that activate the network, i.e. heat maps, this work is constructed upon whole training images, i.e. case-based, whereby each training image belongs to one of the case clusters.

Conference20th IEEE ICMLA 2021
Page range1319-1324
ISBN
Electronic9781665443371
Paperback9781665443388
PublisherIEEE
Publication dates
Online25 Jan 2022
Print14 Dec 2021
Publication process dates
Deposited18 Nov 2021
Accepted01 Oct 2021
Output statusPublished
Accepted author manuscript
Copyright Statement

© 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMLA52953.2021.00214
LanguageEnglish
Book title2021 20th IEEE International Conference On Machine Learning And Applications (ICMLA)
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Batty, S., Clark, J., Fryer, T. and Gao, X. 2008. Prototype system for semantic retrieval of neurological PET images. Gao, X., Muller, H., Loomes, M., Comley, R. and Luo, S. (ed.) International Conference on Medical Imaging and Informatics (MIMI 2007). Beijing, China 14 - 16 Aug 2007 Berlin, Heidelberg Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79490-5_23
Colour vision model-based approach for segmentation of traffic signs
Gao, X., Hong, K., Passmore, P., Podladchikova, L. and Shaposhnikov, D. 2008. Colour vision model-based approach for segmentation of traffic signs. EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/386705
Toward a robust system to monitor the head motions during PET based on facial landmarks detection: a new approach
Anishenko, S., Osimov, V., Shaposhnikov, D., Podladchikova, L., Comley, R. and Gao, X. 2008. Toward a robust system to monitor the head motions during PET based on facial landmarks detection: a new approach. Puuronen, S., Pechenizkiy, M., Tsymbal, A. and Lee, D. (ed.) 21st IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems. Jyvaskyla, Finland 17 - 19 Jun 2008 IEEE Computer Society. pp. 50-52 https://doi.org/10.1109/CBMS.2008.19
Detection of head motions using a vision model
Gao, X., Shaposhnikov, D., Podladchikova, L., Batty, S. and Clark, J. 2007. Detection of head motions using a vision model. Bashshur, R. (ed.) 3rd IASTED International Conference on Telehealth. Montreal, QC, Canada 31 May - 01 Jun 2007 Anaheim, CA Acta Press. pp. 167-171
Recognition of traffic signs based on their colour and shape features extracted using human vision models
Gao, X., Podladchikova, L., Shaposhnikov, D., Hong, K. and Shevtsova, N. 2006. Recognition of traffic signs based on their colour and shape features extracted using human vision models. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation. 17 (4), pp. 675-685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2005.10.003
Colour management in telemedicine
Gao, X. 2004. Colour management in telemedicine. Hamza, M. (ed.) 7th IASTED International Conference on Computer Graphics and Imaging. Kauai, Hawaii, United States 16 - 18 Aug 2004 Anaheim, CA Acta Press. pp. 361-364
Application of vision models to traffic sign recognition
Gao, X., Shaposhnikov, D. and Podladchikova, L. 2004. Application of vision models to traffic sign recognition. Kaynak, O., Alpaydin, E., Oja, E. and Xu, L. (ed.) Artificial Neural Networks and Neural Information Processing — ICANN/ICONIP 2003. Istanbul, Turkey 26 - 29 Sep 2003 Berlin, Heidelberg Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44989-2_131
Towards content-based retrieval for wallpaper images
Qian, Y., Tully, C., Hendon, Z. and Gao, X. 2003. Towards content-based retrieval for wallpaper images. 7th IASTED International Conference on Computer Graphics and Imaging. Kauai, Hawaii, United States 16 - 18 Aug 2004 pp. 305-309
Vision models based identification of traffic signs
Gao, X., Podladchikova, L., Shaposhnikov, D., Shevtsova, N., Hong, K., Batty, S., Golovan, A. and Gusakova, V. 2002. Vision models based identification of traffic signs. 1st European Conference on Colour Graphics, Imaging, and Vision. University of Poitiers, France 02 - 05 Apr 2002 Society for Imaging Science and Technology.
Content based retrieval of lesioned brain images
Batty, S., Blandford, A., Clark, J., Fryer, T. and Gao, X. 2002. Content based retrieval of lesioned brain images. Siegel, E. and Huang, H. (ed.) SPIE Medical Imaging 2002. San Diego, California, United States 23 - 28 Feb 2002 Bellingham Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.466997
A method of vessel tracking for vessel diameter measurement on retinal images
Gao, X., Bharath, A., Stanton, A., Hughes, A., Chapman, N. and Thom, S. 2001. A method of vessel tracking for vessel diameter measurement on retinal images. 2001 International Conference on Image Processing. Thessaloniki, Greece 07 - 10 Oct 2001 IEEE.
Computer algorithms for the automated measurement of retinal arteriolar diameters
Chapman, N., Witt, N., Gao, X., Bharath, A., Stanton, A., Thom, S. and Hughes, A. 2001. Computer algorithms for the automated measurement of retinal arteriolar diameters. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 85 (1), pp. 74-79. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.85.1.74
Quantification and characterization of arteries in retinal images
Gao, X., Bharath, A., Stanton, A., Hughes, A., Chapman, N. and Thom, S. 2000. Quantification and characterization of arteries in retinal images. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 63 (2), pp. 133-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2607(00)00082-1