‘Why don't we just build it in a square hole?’: Developing a multi-component drug outreach service for young people aged 16-25 in England

Article

Welch, Z., Duke, K., Hughes, K., Sondhi, A. and Wright, S. 2026. ‘Why don't we just build it in a square hole?’: Developing a multi-component drug outreach service for young people aged 16-25 in England. Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy. 33 (1), pp. 18-31. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2025.2470147
TypeArticle
Title‘Why don't we just build it in a square hole?’: Developing a multi-component drug outreach service for young people aged 16-25 in England
AuthorsWelch, Z., Duke, K., Hughes, K., Sondhi, A. and Wright, S.
Abstract

Background: In England, the rise in young people/adults’ drug use coincides with a decline in specialist outreach and support services. Current substance use provision particularly neglects young adults. This paper traces the origins of the multi-component ‘1625 Outreach’ model and how it was developed and refined by utilizing community engagement and co-production approaches.
Methods: The co-produced, qualitative research design included observations of outreach practitioners in different settings, focus groups with professionals and young people/adults, and semi-structured interviews with key informants.
Results: The multi-component model was found to be agile, innovative and responsive to local drug trends. This was facilitated by community partnerships and inter-agency collaboration and the involvement of young people in service development and delivery. Co-designed prevention messages on social media were effective in reaching a wide audience. It was important that the educator was viewed as relatable, trustworthy and knowledgeable, with honest harm reduction messages. Participants preferred strengths-based harm reduction discussions, allowing for exploration of the complexities of drug use.
Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of developing credible, strengths-based harm reduction messages co-designed by young people. A coherent multi-component delivery approach with stakeholder engagement can facilitate agile responses to the changing needs of local young people/adults.

KeywordsCommunity engagement; young adults; young people; youth transitions; outreach; harm reduction; outreach; harm reduction; co-production
Sustainable Development Goals11 Sustainable cities and communities
3 Good health and well-being
10 Reduced inequalities
16 Peace, justice and strong institutions
Middlesex University ThemeHealth & Wellbeing
Research GroupThe Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (DARC)
PublisherTaylor & Francis (Routledge)
JournalDrugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy
ISSN0968-7637
Electronic1465-3370
Publication dates
Online06 Mar 2025
Print02 Jan 2026
Publication process dates
Submitted01 Nov 2024
Accepted13 Feb 2025
Deposited18 Feb 2025
Output statusPublished
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Copyright Statement

© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2025.2470147
Web of Science identifierWOS:001438469200001
LanguageEnglish
Permalink -

https://repository.mdx.ac.uk/item/2078q3

Log in to edit

Download files

Publisher's version
Why don t we just build it in a square hole developing a multi-component drug outreach service for young people aged 16 25 in England.pdf
License: CC BY 4.0
File access level: Open

  • 170
    total views
  • 57
    total downloads
  • 0
    views this month
  • 0
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

Young adult probation hub toolkit - implementing a bespoke service for 18-25-year-olds
Ward, J., Duke, K., Phillips, J., Albertson, K. and Riley, L. 2026. Young adult probation hub toolkit - implementing a bespoke service for 18-25-year-olds. London, UK Middlesex University London. https://doi.org/10.60528/368x23
Young adults’ experiences of a specialist probation hub: procedural justice, trust and hope
Ward, J., Phillips, J., Duke, K., Albertson, K., Cracknell, M., Fowler, A. and Riley, L. 2026. Young adults’ experiences of a specialist probation hub: procedural justice, trust and hope. The British Journal of Criminology: An International Review of Crime and Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azag053
'Everybody's just thrown into it': teachers' perceptions of their roles in drug education in England
Duke, K., McSharry, L., Yordanova, G., Alexis-Garsee, C. and Thom, B. 2026. 'Everybody's just thrown into it': teachers' perceptions of their roles in drug education in England. Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2026.2676873
“They walked in and walked straight out of adult treatment”: creating tailored drug outreach and service provision for young adults in England
Duke, K. and Welch, Z. 2026. “They walked in and walked straight out of adult treatment”: creating tailored drug outreach and service provision for young adults in England . International Journal of Drug Policy. 150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2026.105180
Drug induced deaths in prisons [Monograph - Other]
Duke, K. and MacGregor, S. 2025. Drug induced deaths in prisons [Monograph - Other]. Academy of Social Sciences.
Building consensus for harm reduction approaches in UK universities: a qualitative study with staff and students
Duke, K., Thom, B., Drayson, R., Alexis-Garsee, C., Anderson, K., Graham, N. and Guruprasad, S. 2025. Building consensus for harm reduction approaches in UK universities: a qualitative study with staff and students. Harm Reduction Journal. 22 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-025-01351-4
Developing and defining ‘young adult first’ probation practice
Phillips, J., Riley, L., Ward, J., Albertson, K., Cracknell, M., Duke, K. and Fowler, A. 2025. Developing and defining ‘young adult first’ probation practice. Youth Justice. https://doi.org/10.1177/14732254251394895
Deaths of despair [Letter]
MacGregor, S., Duke, K. and O’Gorman, A. 2025. Deaths of despair [Letter]. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70077
Process evaluation of the Newham Y2A Hub: evaluating the implementation of a specialist youth to adulthood transitions service in probation
Phillips, J., Ward, J., Albertson, K., Cracknell, M., Duke, K., Fowler, A. and Riley, L. 2024. Process evaluation of the Newham Y2A Hub: evaluating the implementation of a specialist youth to adulthood transitions service in probation. UK Ministry of Justice.
The framing of contemporary violence policy in England and Wales: an examination of the contributing roles of alcohol and illegal drugs
Lightowlers, C. and Duke, K. 2024. The framing of contemporary violence policy in England and Wales: an examination of the contributing roles of alcohol and illegal drugs. Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. 41 (4), pp. 448-463. https://doi.org/10.1177/14550725241256465
Responding to ‘wicked problems’: policy and governance on drug-related deaths in English and Welsh prisons, 2015-2021
Duke, K. and MacGregor, S. 2024. Responding to ‘wicked problems’: policy and governance on drug-related deaths in English and Welsh prisons, 2015-2021. International Journal of Drug Policy. 126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104358
The risk matrix : drug-related deaths in prisons in England and Wales, 2015–2020
Duke, K., Gleeson, H., MacGregor, S. and Thom, B. 2024. The risk matrix : drug-related deaths in prisons in England and Wales, 2015–2020. Journal of Community Psychology. 52 (8), pp. 1056-1077. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22989
Engaging young people: perspectives from 'solution focused' workshops and interviews with young people
Thom, B., Duke, K. and Herring, R. 2019. Engaging young people: perspectives from 'solution focused' workshops and interviews with young people. London, UK Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Middlesex University.
Building cultures of participation: involving young people in contact with the criminal justice system in the development of drug interventions in the United Kingdom, Denmark, Italy and Poland
Duke, K., Gleeson, H., Dabrowska, K., Herold, M., Rolando, S. and Thom, B. 2023. Building cultures of participation: involving young people in contact with the criminal justice system in the development of drug interventions in the United Kingdom, Denmark, Italy and Poland. Youth Justice. 23 (1), pp. 97-116. https://doi.org/10.1177/14732254221075206
Exploring the motivations and social organisation of intoxication in prison settings
Kolind, T. and Duke, K. 2022. Exploring the motivations and social organisation of intoxication in prison settings. in: Hunt, G., Antin, T. and Asmussen Frank, V. (ed.) Routledge Handbook of Intoxicants and Intoxication Routledge. pp. 191-202
Exchanging prevention practices on polydrug use among youth in criminal justice systems (EPPIC)
Thom, B. and Duke, K. 2022. Exchanging prevention practices on polydrug use among youth in criminal justice systems (EPPIC). in: Hantrais, L. (ed.) How to Manage International Multidisciplinary Research Projects Edward Elgar Publishing . pp. 114-125
‘Keeping a lid on it’: exploring ‘problematisations’ of prescribed medication in prisons in the UK
Duke, K. and Trebilcock, J. 2022. ‘Keeping a lid on it’: exploring ‘problematisations’ of prescribed medication in prisons in the UK. International Journal of Drug Policy. 100, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103515
Trajectories of drug involvement among young people in contact with criminal justice systems in six European countries
Rolando, S., Beccaria, F. and Duke, K. 2021. Trajectories of drug involvement among young people in contact with criminal justice systems in six European countries. in: Chatwin, C., Potter, G. and Werse, B. (ed.) Who? Variation and distinction in the European drugs landscape Lengerich, Germany Pabst Publishers. pp. 127-145
Editorial DEPP: drug experienced young people in contact with the criminal justice system. Understanding the challenges and working towards solutions
Frank, V., Rolando, S., Thom, B., Beccaria, F., Duke, K. and Herold, M. 2021. Editorial DEPP: drug experienced young people in contact with the criminal justice system. Understanding the challenges and working towards solutions. Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy. 28 (1), pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2020.1825627
The engagement of young people in drug interventions in coercive contexts: findings from a cross-national European study
Duke, K., Gleeson, H., Dabrowska, K., Herold, M. and Rolando, S. 2021. The engagement of young people in drug interventions in coercive contexts: findings from a cross-national European study. Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy. 28 (1), pp. 26-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2020.1763917
'I like money, I like many things'. The relationship between drugs and crime from the perspective of young people in contact with criminal justice systems
Rolando, S., Asmussen Frank, V., Duke, K., Kahlert, R., Pisarska, A., Graf, N. and Beccaria, F. 2021. 'I like money, I like many things'. The relationship between drugs and crime from the perspective of young people in contact with criminal justice systems. Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy. 28 (1), pp. 7-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2020.1754339
Translation and transferability of approaches and intervention programmes: cross country report WP7
Herring, R., Thom, B. and Duke, K. 2020. Translation and transferability of approaches and intervention programmes: cross country report WP7. Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Middlesex University.
Availability, accessibility, and coverage of needle and syringe programs in prisons in the European Union
Moazen, B., Dolan, K., Moghaddam, S., Lotfizadeh, M., Duke, K., Neuhann, F., Stöver, H. and Jahn, A. 2020. Availability, accessibility, and coverage of needle and syringe programs in prisons in the European Union. Epidemiologic Reviews. 42 (1), pp. 19-26. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxaa003
Framing and reframing drug ‘problems’ in prison spaces and populations
Duke, K. and Kolind, T. 2020. Framing and reframing drug ‘problems’ in prison spaces and populations. in: MacGregor, S. and Thom, B. (ed.) Risk and substance use: framing dangerous people and dangerous places Routledge. pp. 162-182
Framing 'drug prevention' for young people in contact with the criminal justice system in England: views from practitioners in the field
Duke, K., Thom, B. and Gleeson, H. 2020. Framing 'drug prevention' for young people in contact with the criminal justice system in England: views from practitioners in the field. Journal of Youth Studies. 23 (4), pp. 511-529. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2019.1632818
Producing the 'problem' of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in English prisons
Duke, K. 2020. Producing the 'problem' of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in English prisons. International Journal of Drug Policy. 80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.05.022
Drug education in schools: the Daniel Spargo-Mabbs programme
Annand, F., Duke, K., Herring, R., Syreti, N., Thom, B. and Tzimopoulou, K. 2019. Drug education in schools: the Daniel Spargo-Mabbs programme. Middlesex University.
Challenges to providing culturally sensitive drug interventions for black and Asian minority ethnic (BAME) groups within UK youth justice systems
Gleeson, H., Duke, K. and Thom, B. 2019. Challenges to providing culturally sensitive drug interventions for black and Asian minority ethnic (BAME) groups within UK youth justice systems. Drugs and Alcohol Today. 19 (3), pp. 172-181. https://doi.org/10.1108/DAT-11-2018-0068
EPPIC: 2nd National report executive summary (England) Descriptions of innovative approaches including professionals’ and young peoples’ perceptions and narratives
Thom, B., Duke, K. and Gleeson, H. 2018. EPPIC: 2nd National report executive summary (England) Descriptions of innovative approaches including professionals’ and young peoples’ perceptions and narratives. Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Middlesex University.
EPPIC: 2nd National report (England) Descriptions of innovative approaches including professionals’ and young peoples’ perceptions and narratives
Thom, B., Duke, K. and Gleeson, H. 2018. EPPIC: 2nd National report (England) Descriptions of innovative approaches including professionals’ and young peoples’ perceptions and narratives. Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Middlesex University.
EPPIC - Exchanging Prevention practices on Polydrug use among youth in Criminal justice systems: WP4 National Report: England and Wales June 2017 Executive Summary
Thom, B., Duke, K. and Annand, F. 2017. EPPIC - Exchanging Prevention practices on Polydrug use among youth in Criminal justice systems: WP4 National Report: England and Wales June 2017 Executive Summary. Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Middlesex University.
EPPIC - Exchanging Prevention Practices on Polydrug use among youth in Criminal Justice Systems: WP4 National Report: England and Wales June 2017
Annand, F., Duke, K. and Thom, B. 2017. EPPIC - Exchanging Prevention Practices on Polydrug use among youth in Criminal Justice Systems: WP4 National Report: England and Wales June 2017. Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Middlesex University.
Interventions to prevent and reduce young people’s substance use and criminal justice involvement trajectories
Gleeson, H., Duke, K., Clarke, Z. and Thom, B. 2018. Interventions to prevent and reduce young people’s substance use and criminal justice involvement trajectories. London, UK Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Middlesex University.
Workforce development: is there a paradigm shift?
Thom, B., Duke, K. and Herring, R. 2017. Workforce development: is there a paradigm shift? Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy. 24 (6), pp. 427-429. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2017.1385725
The Alcohol Health Alliance: the emergence of an advocacy coalition to stimulate policy change
Thom, B., Herring, R., Thickett, A. and Duke, K. 2016. The Alcohol Health Alliance: the emergence of an advocacy coalition to stimulate policy change. British Politics. 11 (3), pp. 301-323. https://doi.org/10.1057/bp.2015.50
Ownership of addiction: variations across time and place
Hellman, M., Berridge, V., Duke, K. and Mold, A. 2016. Ownership of addiction: variations across time and place. in: Hellman, M., Berridge, V., Duke, K. and Mold, A. (ed.) Concepts of addictive substances and behaviours across time and place Oxford Oxford University Press (OUP). pp. 1-14
Exploring user groups as stakeholders in drug policy processes in four European countries
Bjerge, B., Duke, K., Frank, V., Rolando, S. and Eisenbach-Stangl, I. 2016. Exploring user groups as stakeholders in drug policy processes in four European countries. in: Hellman, M., Berridge, V., Duke, K. and Mold, A. (ed.) Concepts of addictive substances and behaviours across time and place Oxford Oxford University Press (OUP). pp. 107-128
Drugs in prisons: exploring use, control, treatment and policy
Kolind, T. and Duke, K. 2016. Drugs in prisons: exploring use, control, treatment and policy. Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy. 23 (2), pp. 89-92. https://doi.org/10.3109/09687637.2016.1153604
Exchanging expertise and constructing boundaries: the development of a transnational knowledge network around heroin-assisted treatment
Duke, K. 2016. Exchanging expertise and constructing boundaries: the development of a transnational knowledge network around heroin-assisted treatment. International Journal of Drug Policy. 31, pp. 56-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.12.004
The prison population and illegal drug use
Duke, K. and Kolind, T. 2016. The prison population and illegal drug use. in: Kolind, T., Thom, B. and Hunt, G. (ed.) The SAGE Handbook of Drug and Alcohol Studies: Social Science Approaches SAGE Publications. pp. 507-528
Exchanging expertise and constructing boundaries: the development of a transnational knowledge network around heroin-assisted treatment
Duke, K. 2016. Exchanging expertise and constructing boundaries: the development of a transnational knowledge network around heroin-assisted treatment. International Journal of Drug Policy. 31, pp. 56-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.12.004
Stakeholder ownership: a theoretical framework for cross national understanding and analyses of stakeholder involvement in issues of substance use, problem use and addiction
Thom, B., Beccaria, F., Bjerge, B., Duke, K., Eisenbach-Stangl, I., Herring, R., Holmila, M., Houborg, E., Asmussen Frank, V., Moskalewicz, J., Rolando, S., Thickett, A., Warpenius, K. and Welbel, M. 2015. Stakeholder ownership: a theoretical framework for cross national understanding and analyses of stakeholder involvement in issues of substance use, problem use and addiction. ALICE RAP European Commission.
The prison population and drug use
Duke, K. and Kolind, T. 2015. The prison population and drug use. in: Kolind, T., Thom, B. and Hunt, G. (ed.) Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Studies – Social Science Perspectives Sage.
Producing the 'problem of drugs': a cross national-comparison of ‘recovery' discourse in two Australian and British reports
Lancaster, K., Duke, K. and Ritter, A. 2015. Producing the 'problem of drugs': a cross national-comparison of ‘recovery' discourse in two Australian and British reports. International Journal of Drug Policy. 26 (7), pp. 617-625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.04.006
In this issue
Frank, V.A., Bjerge, B., Duke, K., Klein, A. and Stothard, B. 2015. In this issue. Drugs and Alcohol Today. 15 (4). https://doi.org/10.1108/dat-10-2015-0061
Stakeholder influences on drug and alcohol policy processes
Asmussen Frank, V., Bjerge, B., Duke, K., Klein, A. and Stothard, B. 2015. Stakeholder influences on drug and alcohol policy processes. Drugs and Alcohol Today. 15 (4), pp. 177-180. https://doi.org/10.1108/DAT-10-2015-0060
The shifting roles of medical stakeholders in opioid substitution treatment: a comparison between Denmark and the UK
Bjerge, B., Duke, K. and Frank, V. 2015. The shifting roles of medical stakeholders in opioid substitution treatment: a comparison between Denmark and the UK. Drugs and Alcohol Today. 15 (4), pp. 216-230. https://doi.org/10.1108/DAT-07-2015-0033
Tackling drugs locally: the implementation of drug action teams in England
Duke, K. and MacGregor, S. 1997. Tackling drugs locally: the implementation of drug action teams in England. London HMSO. https://doi.org/9780114301460
Activating local networks: a comparison of two community development approaches to drug prevention
Duke, K., MacGregor, S. and Smith, L. 1996. Activating local networks: a comparison of two community development approaches to drug prevention. London Home Office Drugs Prevention Initiative. https://doi.org/9781858935560
The role of evidence and the expert in contemporary processes of governance: the case of opioid substitution treatment policy in England
Duke, K. and Thom, B. 2014. The role of evidence and the expert in contemporary processes of governance: the case of opioid substitution treatment policy in England. International Journal of Drug Policy. 25 (5), pp. 964-971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.01.015
Substitution treatment in the era of recovery: an analysis of stakeholder roles and policy windows in Britain
Duke, K., Herring, R., Thickett, A. and Thom, B. 2013. Substitution treatment in the era of recovery: an analysis of stakeholder roles and policy windows in Britain. Substance Use and Misuse. 48 (11), pp. 966-976. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2013.797727
Stakeholders in opioid substitution treatment policy: similarities and differences in six European countries
Thom, B., Duke, K., Frank, V. and Bjerge, B. 2013. Stakeholders in opioid substitution treatment policy: similarities and differences in six European countries. Substance Use and Misuse. 48 (11), pp. 933-942. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2013.797720
Containing contradictions: the development of prison drugs policy in England since 1980
Duke, K. 1999. Containing contradictions: the development of prison drugs policy in England since 1980. PhD thesis Middlesex University
From crime to recovery: the reframing of British drugs policy?
Duke, K. 2012. From crime to recovery: the reframing of British drugs policy? Journal of Drug Issues. 43 (1), pp. 39-55. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022042612466614
Reconceptualising harm reduction in prisons
Duke, K. 2011. Reconceptualising harm reduction in prisons. in: Fraser, S. and Moore, D. (ed.) The drug effect: health, crime and society Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press (CUP). pp. 209-224
Clashes in culture? the 'professionalisation' and 'criminalisation' of the drugs workforce
Duke, K. 2010. Clashes in culture? the 'professionalisation' and 'criminalisation' of the drugs workforce. The British Journal of Community Justice. 8 (2), pp. 31-43.
The focus on crime and coercion in UK drugs policy
Duke, K. 2009. The focus on crime and coercion in UK drugs policy. in: MacGregor, S. (ed.) Responding to drugs misuse: research and policy priorities in health and social care London Routledge. pp. 14-24
Evidence-based policy-making?: research utilisation and the development of prison drugs policy.
Duke, K. 2000. Evidence-based policy-making?: research utilisation and the development of prison drugs policy. Social Policy Association Conference. University of Surrey 18 - 20 Jul 2000
Out of crime and into treatment? The criminalisation of contemporary drug policy since Tackling Drugs Together
Duke, K. 2006. Out of crime and into treatment? The criminalisation of contemporary drug policy since Tackling Drugs Together. Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy. 13 (5), pp. 409-415. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687630600613520
Déjà vu?: Opportunities and obstacles in developing alcohol policy in English prisons
Duke, K. 2005. Déjà vu?: Opportunities and obstacles in developing alcohol policy in English prisons. Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy. 12 (5), pp. 417-430. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687630500281873
Drugs, prisons and policy-making
Duke, K. 2003. Drugs, prisons and policy-making. London Palgrave Macmillan.
Getting beyond the 'official line': reflections on dilemmas of access, knowledge, and power in researching policy networks
Duke, K. 2002. Getting beyond the 'official line': reflections on dilemmas of access, knowledge, and power in researching policy networks. Journal of Social Policy. 31 (1), pp. 39-59. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047279402006505
Evidence-based policy making?: The interplay between research and the development of prison drugs policy
Duke, K. 2001. Evidence-based policy making?: The interplay between research and the development of prison drugs policy. Criminal Justice. 1 (3), pp. 277-300. https://doi.org/10.1177/1466802501001003002
Prison drugs policy since 1980: shifting agendas and policy networks
Duke, K. 2000. Prison drugs policy since 1980: shifting agendas and policy networks. Drugs: Education, Prevention, and Policy. 7 (4), pp. 393-408. https://doi.org/10.1080/dep.7.4.393.408
Refugee resettlement in Europe
Duke, K., Sales, R. and Gregory, J. 1999. Refugee resettlement in Europe. in: Bloch, A. and Levy, C. (ed.) Refugees, social policy and citizenship in Europe Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 105-131
The resettlement experiences of refugees in the UK: main findings from an interview study
Duke, K. 1996. The resettlement experiences of refugees in the UK: main findings from an interview study. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 22 (3), pp. 461-478. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.1996.9976550
The settlement of refugees in Britain
Carey-Wood, J., Duke, K., Karn, V. and Marshall, T. 1995. The settlement of refugees in Britain. London HMSO.
Vietnamese refugees since 1982
Duke, K. and Marshall, T. 1995. Vietnamese refugees since 1982. London HMSO.