ChatEndoscopist: a domain-specific chatbot with images for gastrointestinal diseases

Book chapter

Rahmanti, A.R. and Gao, X. 2025. ChatEndoscopist: a domain-specific chatbot with images for gastrointestinal diseases. in: Andrikopoulou, E., Gallos, P., Arvanitis, T.N., Austin, R., Benis, A., Cornet, R., Chatzistergos, P., Dejaco, A., Dusseljee-Peute, L., Mohasseb, A., Natsiavas, P., Nakkas, H. and Scott, P. (ed.) Intelligent Health Systems – From Technology to Data and Knowledge: Proceedings of MIE 2025 IOS Press. pp. 843-847
Chapter titleChatEndoscopist: a domain-specific chatbot with images for gastrointestinal diseases
AuthorsRahmanti, A.R. and Gao, X.
Abstract

This study aims to enhance domain-specific medical knowledge within large language models (LLMs) by developing a chatbot, chatEndoscopist, a specialized model for oesophageal cancer. In particular, the chatbot incorporates related images to further elucidate the retrieved content while providing answers. Fine-tuned BioMistral LLM with 50 related documents, a dataset specifically curated for medical literature, ChatEndoscopist was compared to ChatGPT. For text answers, despite its specialized training, ChatGPT appears to outperform ChatEndoscopist in precision (0.210 vs. 0.148), recall (0.323 vs. 0.049), and F1 score (0.266 vs. 0.099). ChatGPT also demonstrated superior lexical diversity with a Type-Token Ratio (TTR) of 0.772 and Lexical Density of 0.813, compared to ChatEndoscopist’s TTR of 0.717 and Lexical Density of 0.781. This in part, could be due to the limited documents to fine tune. However, the related images are mostly retrieval with regarding to user’s queries. Future work will focus on incorporating more related papers to balance specialized accuracy with broader linguistic flexibility.

Sustainable Development Goals3 Good health and well-being
Middlesex University ThemeHealth & Wellbeing
Page range843-847
Book titleIntelligent Health Systems – From Technology to Data and Knowledge: Proceedings of MIE 2025
EditorsAndrikopoulou, E., Gallos, P., Arvanitis, T.N., Austin, R., Benis, A., Cornet, R., Chatzistergos, P., Dejaco, A., Dusseljee-Peute, L., Mohasseb, A., Natsiavas, P., Nakkas, H. and Scott, P.
PublisherIOS Press
SeriesStudies in Health Technology and Informatics
ISBN
Electronic9781643685960
ISSN0926-9630
Electronic1879-8365
Publication dates
Print15 May 2025
Publication process dates
Accepted2025
Deposited01 Aug 2025
Output statusPublished
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File Access Level
Open
Copyright Statement

This article is published online with Open Access by IOS Press and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0).

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3233/SHTI250478
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Is part ofhttps://doi.org/10.3233/SHTI327
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Gao, X. and Hassan, M. 2010. Application of mesh morphing techniques in modelling 3D objects. Annual International Conference on Computer Games Multimedia and Allied Technology. Singapore 06 - 07 Apr 2010 Global Science and Technology Forum. https://doi.org/10.5176/978-981-08-5480-5_048
Road sign recognition by one fixation of space-variant sensor.
Gao, X., Shaposhnikov, D., Podladchikova, L., Golovan, A., Shevtsova, N. and Hong, K. 2002. Road sign recognition by one fixation of space-variant sensor. in: Gorodnich, D. and Zhang, H. (ed.) Vision Interface ’2002: proceedings Quebec Canadian Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Society.
Invariant recognition of traffic signs
Gao, X., Shaposhnikov, D., Podladchikova, L., Shevtsova, N. and Golovan, A. 2002. Invariant recognition of traffic signs.
Application of the behavioural model of vision for invariant recognition of facial and traffic sign images.
Gao, X., Shaposhnikov, D., Podladchikova, L., Golovan, A., Shevtsova, N., Gusakova, V. and Gizatdinova, Y. 2003. Application of the behavioural model of vision for invariant recognition of facial and traffic sign images. in: Gulaev, Y. and Galushkin, A. (ed.) Neurocomputers and their application. [In Russian] Moscow Radiotechnics.
Image classification based on the informative regions properties.
Gao, X., Podladchikova, L. and Shaposhnikov, D. 2003. Image classification based on the informative regions properties. in: Proceedings of PRIA-6-2002 : 6th International conference on pattern recognition and image analysis: new information technologies. MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica. pp. 439-441
Image retrieval through perceptual shape modelling.
Gao, X., Ren, M., Riley, K., Eakins, J. and Briggs, P. 2001. Image retrieval through perceptual shape modelling. London Council for Museums, Archives and Libraries.
Telemedicine in Europe.
Gao, X. 2006. Telemedicine in Europe. ChinaPacs. Beijing 14 - 16 Apr 2006
A new approach to traffic sign recognition
Gao, X., Podladchikova, L., Shaposhnikov, D., Hong, K., Batty, S., Golovan, A., Gusakova, V. and Shevtsova, N. 2002. A new approach to traffic sign recognition. in: Arabnia, H. and Mun, Y. (ed.) Proceedings of the international conference on imaging science, systems, and technology: CISST'02. Athens CSREA Press.
Road sign recognition by means of the behavioural model of vision.
Gao, X., Golovan, A., Hong, K., Podladchikova, L. and Shevtsova, N. 2002. Road sign recognition by means of the behavioural model of vision. in: Proceedings of the third all-Russian conference on neuroinformatics [In Russian]. Moscow. pp. 63-69
Colour reproduction for tele-imaging systems
Gao, X. and He, P. 2006. Colour reproduction for tele-imaging systems. Computerized medical imaging and graphics. 30 (6-7), pp. 79-84.
Measurement of vessel diameters on retinal for cardiovascular studies.
Gao, X., Bharath, A., Stanton, A., Hughes, A., Chapman, N. and Thom, S. 2001. Measurement of vessel diameters on retinal for cardiovascular studies. in: Claridge, E., Bamber, J. and Marlow, K. (ed.) Medical image understanding and analysis 2001. Medical Imaging Understanding and Analysis.
Extraction of sagittal symmetry planes from PET images.
Gao, X., Batty, S., Clark, J., Fryer, T., Blandford, A. and International Association of Science and Technology for Development. 2001. Extraction of sagittal symmetry planes from PET images. in: Hamza, M. (ed.) Visualization, imaging and image processing: proceedings of the IASTED international conference. Calgary IASTED. pp. 428-433
Towards archiving wallpaper images
Gao, X., Qian, Y., Tully, T. and Hendon, Z. 2004. Towards archiving wallpaper images. in: Hamza, M. (ed.) Proceedings of the seventh IASTED international conference on computer graphics and imaging. Anaheim Acta Press. pp. 305-309
High-precision detection of facial landmarks to estimate head motions based on vision models
Gao, X., Anishenko, S., Shaposhnikov, D., Podladchikova, L., Batty, S. and Clark, J. 2007. High-precision detection of facial landmarks to estimate head motions based on vision models. Journal of computer sciences. 3 (7), pp. 528-532.
Content-based retrieval of PET images via localised anatomical texture measurements and mean activity levels
Gao, X., Batty, S., Clark, J. and Fryer, T. 2006. Content-based retrieval of PET images via localised anatomical texture measurements and mean activity levels. Computerized medical imaging and graphics. 30 (6-7), pp. 70-74.
Extraction of physiological information from 3D PET brain images.
Gao, X., Batty, S., Fryer, T., Clark, J., Turkheimer, F. and International Association of Science and Technology for Development. 2003. Extraction of physiological information from 3D PET brain images. in: Villanueva, J. (ed.) Visualization imaging and image processing. Acta Press. pp. 401-405
Extraction of features from 3D PET images.
Gao, X., Batty, S., Clark, J. and Fryer, T. 2002. Extraction of features from 3D PET images. in: Houston, A. and Zwiggelar, R. (ed.) Medical image understanding and analysis 2002. BMVA.
Towards archiving 3D PET brain images based on their physiological and visual content.
Gao, X., Batty, S., Clark, J., Fryer, T. and Turkheimer, F. 2002. Towards archiving 3D PET brain images based on their physiological and visual content. International conference on diagnostic imaging and analysis. Shanghai, China 18 - 20 Aug 2002
A new approach to estimation of non-isotropic scale factors for correction of MR distortion
Gao, X., Hui, R., White, A.S. and Tian, Z. 2009. A new approach to estimation of non-isotropic scale factors for correction of MR distortion. International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery. 4 (s1), pp. s349-s350.
A fast approach to segmentation of PET brain images for extraction of features
Gao, X. and Clark, J. 2008. A fast approach to segmentation of PET brain images for extraction of features. Gao, X., Loomes, M., Comley, R., Muller, H. and Luo, S. (ed.) International Conference on Medical Imaging and Informatics (MIMI 2007). Beijing, China 14 - 16 Aug 2007 Berlin, Heidelberg Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79490-5_25
Prototype system for semantic retrieval of neurological PET images
Batty, S., Clark, J., Fryer, T. and Gao, X. 2008. Prototype system for semantic retrieval of neurological PET images. Gao, X., Muller, H., Loomes, M., Comley, R. and Luo, S. (ed.) International Conference on Medical Imaging and Informatics (MIMI 2007). Beijing, China 14 - 16 Aug 2007 Berlin, Heidelberg Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79490-5_23
Colour vision model-based approach for segmentation of traffic signs
Gao, X., Hong, K., Passmore, P., Podladchikova, L. and Shaposhnikov, D. 2008. Colour vision model-based approach for segmentation of traffic signs. EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/386705
Toward a robust system to monitor the head motions during PET based on facial landmarks detection: a new approach
Anishenko, S., Osimov, V., Shaposhnikov, D., Podladchikova, L., Comley, R. and Gao, X. 2008. Toward a robust system to monitor the head motions during PET based on facial landmarks detection: a new approach. Puuronen, S., Pechenizkiy, M., Tsymbal, A. and Lee, D. (ed.) 21st IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems. Jyvaskyla, Finland 17 - 19 Jun 2008 IEEE Computer Society. pp. 50-52 https://doi.org/10.1109/CBMS.2008.19
Detection of head motions using a vision model
Gao, X., Shaposhnikov, D., Podladchikova, L., Batty, S. and Clark, J. 2007. Detection of head motions using a vision model. Bashshur, R. (ed.) 3rd IASTED International Conference on Telehealth. Montreal, QC, Canada 31 May - 01 Jun 2007 Anaheim, CA Acta Press. pp. 167-171
The state of art of medical displays.
Gao, X. 2006. The state of art of medical displays. EuroPacs 2006. Trondheim, Norway 14 - 17 Jun 2006
Recognition of traffic signs based on their colour and shape features extracted using human vision models
Gao, X., Podladchikova, L., Shaposhnikov, D., Hong, K. and Shevtsova, N. 2006. Recognition of traffic signs based on their colour and shape features extracted using human vision models. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation. 17 (4), pp. 675-685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2005.10.003
Colour management in telemedicine
Gao, X. 2004. Colour management in telemedicine. Hamza, M. (ed.) 7th IASTED International Conference on Computer Graphics and Imaging. Kauai, Hawaii, United States 16 - 18 Aug 2004 Anaheim, CA Acta Press. pp. 361-364
Application of vision models to traffic sign recognition
Gao, X., Shaposhnikov, D. and Podladchikova, L. 2004. Application of vision models to traffic sign recognition. Kaynak, O., Alpaydin, E., Oja, E. and Xu, L. (ed.) Artificial Neural Networks and Neural Information Processing — ICANN/ICONIP 2003. Istanbul, Turkey 26 - 29 Sep 2003 Berlin, Heidelberg Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44989-2_131
Towards content-based retrieval for wallpaper images
Qian, Y., Tully, C., Hendon, Z. and Gao, X. 2003. Towards content-based retrieval for wallpaper images. 7th IASTED International Conference on Computer Graphics and Imaging. Kauai, Hawaii, United States 16 - 18 Aug 2004 pp. 305-309
Classification of images on the basis of the properties of informative regions
Gao, X., Shaposhnikov, D. and Podladchikova, L. 2003. Classification of images on the basis of the properties of informative regions. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis. 13 (2), pp. 349-352.
Vision models based identification of traffic signs
Gao, X., Podladchikova, L., Shaposhnikov, D., Shevtsova, N., Hong, K., Batty, S., Golovan, A. and Gusakova, V. 2002. Vision models based identification of traffic signs. 1st European Conference on Colour Graphics, Imaging, and Vision. University of Poitiers, France 02 - 05 Apr 2002 Society for Imaging Science and Technology.
Content based retrieval of lesioned brain images
Batty, S., Blandford, A., Clark, J., Fryer, T. and Gao, X. 2002. Content based retrieval of lesioned brain images. Siegel, E. and Huang, H. (ed.) SPIE Medical Imaging 2002. San Diego, California, United States 23 - 28 Feb 2002 Bellingham Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.466997
A method of vessel tracking for vessel diameter measurement on retinal images
Gao, X., Bharath, A., Stanton, A., Hughes, A., Chapman, N. and Thom, S. 2001. A method of vessel tracking for vessel diameter measurement on retinal images. 2001 International Conference on Image Processing. Thessaloniki, Greece 07 - 10 Oct 2001 IEEE.
Computer algorithms for the automated measurement of retinal arteriolar diameters
Chapman, N., Witt, N., Gao, X., Bharath, A., Stanton, A., Thom, S. and Hughes, A. 2001. Computer algorithms for the automated measurement of retinal arteriolar diameters. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 85 (1), pp. 74-79. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.85.1.74
Quantification and characterization of arteries in retinal images
Gao, X., Bharath, A., Stanton, A., Hughes, A., Chapman, N. and Thom, S. 2000. Quantification and characterization of arteries in retinal images. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 63 (2), pp. 133-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2607(00)00082-1