Mimicry diversification in Papilio dardanus via a genomic inversion in the regulatory region of engrailed – invected

Polymorphic Batesian mimics exhibit multiple protective morphs that each mimic a different noxious model. Here,we study the genomic transitions leading to the evolution of different mimetic wing patterns in the polymorphic Mocker Swallowtail Papilio dardanus. We generated a draft genome (231 Mb over 30 chromosomes) and re-sequenced individuals of three morphs. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis revealed elevated linkage disequilibrium and divergence between morphs in the regulatory region of engrailed, a developmental gene previously implicated in the mimicry switch. The diverged region exhibits a discrete chromosomal inversion (of 40 kb) relative to the ancestral orientation that is associated with the cenea morph, but not with the bottom-recessive hippocoonides morph or with nonmimetic allopatric populations. The functional role of this inversion in the expression of the novel phenotype is currently unknown, but by preventing recombination, it allows the stable inheritance of divergent alleles enabling geographic spread and local coexistence of multiple adaptive morphs.

© 2020 The Author(s)
This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, published by The Royal Society in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. The final published version is available at: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2020.0443

Electronic supplementary material is available online at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4955048