Effects of vicarious disgust learning on the development of fear, disgust, and attentional biases in children

Article


Reynolds, G. and Askew, C. 2019. Effects of vicarious disgust learning on the development of fear, disgust, and attentional biases in children. Emotion. 19 (7), p. 1268–1283. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000511
TypeArticle
TitleEffects of vicarious disgust learning on the development of fear, disgust, and attentional biases in children
AuthorsReynolds, G. and Askew, C.
Abstract

Fear and disgust are defensive emotions that have evolved to protect us from harm. While fear is thought to elicit an instinctive response to deal with immediate threat, disgust elicits immediate sensory rejection to avoid contamination. One mechanism through which disgust and fear may be linked is via attentional bias towards threat. Attentional bias is a well-established feature of anxiety disorders and is known to increase following vicarious fear learning. However, the contribution of vicarious learning to the development of disgust-related attentional biases is currently unknown. Furthermore, the influence of individual differences in disgust propensity and disgust sensitivity on fear and disgust responses has not been investigated in the context of vicarious learning. Therefore, 53 children aged 7-9 years were randomly assigned to receive either fear vicarious learning or disgust vicarious learning. Children’s fear beliefs, disgust beliefs, avoidance preferences and attentional bias were measured at baseline and post-learning. Findings demonstrated increased fear and disgust responding to stimuli following disgust and fear vicarious learning. Crucially, the study provided the first evidence that disgust vicarious learning can create an attentional bias for threat in children similar to that created via fear vicarious learning. However, there was no relationship between disgust propensity and sensitivity and vicariously acquired increases in fear, disgust and attention. In conclusion, both fear and disgust vicarious learning can create attentional bias, allowing rapid detection of potentially harmful stimuli. This effect could contribute to fear development and is found even in children who are not particularly high in disgust proneness.

Keywordsdisgust; fear; modeling; observational learning; vicarious learning
PublisherAmerican Psychological Association (APA)
JournalEmotion
ISSN1528-3542
Electronic1931-1516
Publication dates
Online27 Sep 2018
Print01 Oct 2019
Publication process dates
Deposited09 Aug 2018
Accepted25 Jul 2018
Submitted27 Oct 2017
Output statusPublished
Accepted author manuscript
Copyright Statement

© 2018, American Psychological Association. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the final, authoritative version of the article. Please do not copy or cite without authors permission. The final article will be available, upon publication, at: https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000511

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000511
Web of Science identifierWOS:000490520700014
LanguageEnglish
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