To have and to hold: marital rape perception in Russian women

Conference item

Khokhlova, O. and Lamba, N. 2020. To have and to hold: marital rape perception in Russian women. 4th European Conference on Domestic Violence. Online from Slovenia
TitleTo have and to hold: marital rape perception in Russian women
AuthorsKhokhlova, O. and Lamba, N.
Abstract

Background and purpose of the study: Legally marital rape is not acknowledged in Russia. While generally men perceive it as less severe, little is known about factors that influence victim-blaming and perpetrator support amongst women, who despite belonging to the target group of gender discrimination, often endorse sexist beliefs too (Barreto & Ellemers, 2005; Greenwald, & McGhee, 2001). Therefore, we investigate marital rape perceptions of Russian women, in context of ‘perpetrator justification’ and ‘victim resistance’.
Methods: Data was collected online (N = 3566; Meanage = 28.20; SDage = 7.82). Researchers created 9 standardized marital rape scenario vignettes (3x3) manipulating perpetrator justification (no justification, deprivation, jealousy) and victim resistance (passive, verbal, verbal & physical).
After reading one vignette and responding to an attention test, participant was presented with: RapeSupportive Attribution Scale (Monson et al., 2000), Sex-Role Stereotypical Victim Blame Attributions Scale (Monson et al., 2000), and Perceived Seriousness of Violence Measure (Yamawaki et al., 2009). Findings: Three 3x3 Factorial ANOVA were administered. We found significant main effects of justification F(2, 3520) = 5.85, p = .003 and resistance F(2, 3520) = 53.45, p < .001 on rape-support; and main effects of justification F(2, 3519) = 13.17, p < .001 and resistance F(2, 3519) = 48.27, p < .001 on victim-blaming. For justification, rape support was highest in no-justification condition, followed by sexual deprivation and jealousy condition. Victim was blamed most in sexual deprivation scenario, and least in jealousy scenario. Regarding resistance, rape support and victim blaming was highest in passive resistance condition, and lowest when the woman reacted using both verbal & physical resistance. Conclusions and implications: It appears that context of rape scenarios played significant role, where it seems that sexual deprivation in marital relationships downplays rape severity, whereas male jealousy elicits more concerns towards victim and less rape support.

Middlesex University ThemeHealth & Wellbeing
Conference4th European Conference on Domestic Violence
Publication dates
Online13 Sep 2020
Publication process dates
Deposited04 Oct 2022
Accepted10 May 2020
LanguageEnglish
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Lamba, N. 2023. Experiences, psychological health, and prenatal bonding of surrogate mothers: a longitudinal study. Invited Research Talk, IPPN, NYU Abu Dhabi. NYU Abu Dhabi 13 - 13 Apr 2023
Body appreciation around the world: measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age
Swami, V., Tran, U.S., Stieger, S., Aavik, T., Ranjbar, H.A., Adebayo, S.O., Afhami, R., Ahmed, O., Aimé, A., Akel, M., Halbusi, H., Alexias, G., Ali, K.F., Alp-Dal, N., Alsalhani, A.B., Álvares-Solas, S., Amaral, A.C.S., Andrianto, S., Aspden, T., Argyrides, M., Aruta, J.J.B.R., Atkin, S., Ayandele, O., Baceviciene, M., Bahbouh, R., Ballesio, A., Barron, D., Bellard, A., Bender, S.S., Beydağ, K.D., Birovljević, G., Blackburn, M.-È., Borja-Alvarez, T., Borowiec, J., Bozogáňová, M., Bratland-Sanda, S., Browning, M.H.E.M., Brytek-Matera, A., Burakova, M., Çakır-Koçak, Y., Camacho, P., Camilleri, V.E., Cazzato, V., Cerea, S., Chaiwutikornwanich, A., Chaleeraktrakoon, T., Chambers, T., Chen, Q.-W., Chen, X., Chien, C.-L., Chobthamkit, P., Choompunuch, B., Compte, E.J., Corrigan, J., Cosmas, G., Cowden, R.G., Czepczor-Bernat, K., Czub, M., da Silva, W.R., Dadfar, M., Dalley, S.E., Dany, L., Datu, J.A.D., Berbert de Carvalho, P.H., Coelho, G.L.de H., De Jesus, A.O.S., Debbabi, S.H., Dhakal, S., Di Bernardo, F., Dimitrova, D.D., Dion, J., Dixson, B., Donofrio, S.M., Drysch, M., Du, H., Dzhambov, A.M., El-Jor, C., Enea, V., Eskin, M., Farbod, F., Farrugia, L., Fian, L., Fisher, M.L., Folwarczny, M., Frederick, D.A., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Furnham, A., García, A.A., Geller, S., Ghisi, M., Ghorbani, A., Martinez, M.A.G., Gradidge, S., Graf, S., Grano, C., Gyene, G., Hallit, S., Hamdan, M., Handelzalts, J.E., Hanel, P.H.P., Hawks, S.R., Hekmati, I., Helmy, M., Hill, T., Hina, F., Holenweger, G., Hřebíčková, M., Ijabadeniyi, O.A., Imam, A., İnce, B., Irrazabal, N., Jankauskiene, R., Jiang, D.-Y., Jiménez-Borja, M., Jiménez-Borja, V., Johnson, E.M., Jovanović, V., Jović, M., Jović, M., Junqueira, A.C.P., Kahle, L.-M., Kantanista, A., Karakiraz, A., Karkin, A.N., Kasten, E., Khatib, S., Khieowan, N., Kimong, Patricia J., Kiropoulos, L., Knittel, J., Kohli, N., Koprivnik, M., Kospakov, A., Król-Zielińska, M., Krug, I., Kuan, G., Kueh, Y.C., Kujan, O., Kukić, M., Kumar, S., Kumar, V., Lamba, N., Lauri, M.A., Laus, M.F., LeBlanc, L.A., Lee, H.J., Lipowska, M., Lipowski, M., Lombardo, C., Lukács, A., Maïano, C., Malik, S., Manjary, M., Baldó, L.M., Martinez-Banfi, M., Massar, K., Matera, C., McAnirlin, O., Mebarak, M.R., Mechri, A., Meireles, J.F. F., Mesko, N., Mills, J., Miyairi, M., Modi, R., Modrzejewska, A., Modrzejewska, J., Mulgrew, K.E., Myers, T.A., Namatame, H., Nassani, M.Z., Nerini, A., Neto, F., Neto, J., Neves, A.N., Ng, S.-K., Nithiya, D., O, Jiaqing, Obeid, S., Oda-Montecinos, C., Olapegba, P.O., Olonisakin, T.T., Omar, S.S., Örlygsdóttir, B., Özsoy, E., Otterbring, T., Pahl, S., Panasiti, M.S., Park, Y., Patwary, M.M., Pethö, T., Petrova, N., Pietschnig, J., Pourmahmoud, S., Prabhu, V.G., Poštuvan, V., Prokop, P., Ramseyer Winter, V.L., Razmus, M., Ru, T., Rupar, M., Sahlan, R.N., Hassan, M.S., Šalov, A., Sapkota, S., Sarfo, J.O., Sawamiya, Y., Schaefer, K., Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M., Seekis, V., Selvi, K., Sharifi, M., Shrivastava, A., Siddique, R.F., Sigurdsson, V., Silkane, V., Šimunić, A., Singh, G., Slezáčková, A., Sundgot-Borgen, C., Ten Hoor, G., Tevichapong, P., Tipandjan, A., Todd, J., Togas, C., Tonini, F., Tovar-Castro, J.C., Trangsrud, L.K.J., Tripathi, P., Tudorel, O., Tylka, T.L., Uyzbayeva, A., Vally, Z., Vanags, E., Vega, L.D., Vicente-Arruebarrena, A., Vidal-Mollón, J., Vilar, R., Villegas, H., Vintilă, M., Wallner, C., White, M.P., Whitebridge, S., Windhager, S., Wong, K.Y., Yau, E.K., Yamamiya, Y., Yeung, V.W.L., Zanetti, M.C., Zawisza, M., Zeeni, N., Zvaríková, M. and Voracek, M. 2023. Body appreciation around the world: measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age. Body Image. 46, pp. 449-466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.07.010
Mental health hygiene during a health crisis: exploring factors associated with media-induced secondary trauma in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic
Lamba, N., Khokhlova, O., Bhatia, A. and McHugh, C. 2023. Mental health hygiene during a health crisis: exploring factors associated with media-induced secondary trauma in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Psychology Open. 10 (2). https://doi.org/10.1177/20551029231199578
Evaluating student evaluations: evidence of gender bias against women in higher education based on perceived learning and instructor personality
Khokhlova, O., Lamba, N. and Kishore, S. 2023. Evaluating student evaluations: evidence of gender bias against women in higher education based on perceived learning and instructor personality. Frontiers in Education. 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1158132
Who is more ‘human-like’? Exploring gender and race in perception of avatars in an online classroom
Lamba, N., Kishore, S. and Khokhlova, O. 2023. Who is more ‘human-like’? Exploring gender and race in perception of avatars in an online classroom. 11th European Conference on Education (ECE2023). London, UK, and Online 13 - 17 Jul 2023
Understanding the impact of cross-cultural friendships and residency status on multicultural attitudes: a UAE perspective
Lamba, N., Mohideen, F., Virani, T., Kariappa, S., Aroz, V., Bind Ashraf, H., Udaipurwala, Z., Dsouza, C., Rodrigues, S., Paulson, A. and Patil, A. 2023. Understanding the impact of cross-cultural friendships and residency status on multicultural attitudes: a UAE perspective. International Journal of Sustainable Society. 15 (2), pp. 113-224. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSOC.2023.10057169
Challenges and support structures of mothers with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the United Arab Emirates: A thematic analysis
Lamba, N. 2022. Challenges and support structures of mothers with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the United Arab Emirates: A thematic analysis. 4th European Autism Congress. Webinar 13 - 14 May 2022
Using virtual avatars to explore the impact of instructors' gender, race, and qualification on perceived learning in an online classroom
Lamba, N., Kishore, S. and Khokhlova, O. 2022. Using virtual avatars to explore the impact of instructors' gender, race, and qualification on perceived learning in an online classroom. 10th European Conference on Education. London, UK 14 - 17 Jul 2022
Multinational evaluation of the measurement invariance of the level of personality functioning scale–brief form 2.0: comparison of student and community samples across seven countries
Natoli, A., Bach, B., Behn, A., Cottin, M., Gritti, E., Hutsebaut, J., Lamba, N., Le Corff, Y., Zimmerman, J. and Lapalme, M. 2022. Multinational evaluation of the measurement invariance of the level of personality functioning scale–brief form 2.0: comparison of student and community samples across seven countries. Psychological Assessment. 34 (12), pp. 1112-1125. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001176
Helpful or not? Appraisal and mechanisms of prosociality in the dark triad
Puthillam, A., Mehta, N., Kapoor, H., Rezaei, S. and Lamba, N. 2022. Helpful or not? Appraisal and mechanisms of prosociality in the dark triad. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/u8agb
Unpacking qualitative methodology to explore experiences of mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder in the UAE: a thematic analysis inquiry
Lamba, N., Van Tonder, A. and Raghavan, A. 2022. Unpacking qualitative methodology to explore experiences of mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder in the UAE: a thematic analysis inquiry. International Journal of Qualitative Methods. 21, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069221110295
Exploring challenges and support structures of mothers with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the United Arab Emirates
Lamba, N., Van Tonder, A., Shrivastava, A. and Raghavan, A. 2022. Exploring challenges and support structures of mothers with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the United Arab Emirates. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104138
Religious factors affecting death anxiety in older adults practicing Hinduism
Lamba, N., Bhatia, A., Shrivastava, A. and Raghavan, A. 2022. Religious factors affecting death anxiety in older adults practicing Hinduism. Death Studies. 46 (8), pp. 1973-1981. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2021.1876789
Describing a research process
Lamba, N. 2021. Describing a research process. YLAC - Young Leaders of Active Citizenship. Online 22 Aug 2021
Media-induced secondary trauma during Covid-19
Lamba, N. 2021. Media-induced secondary trauma during Covid-19. 34th International Conference on Psychiatry and Mental Health. Online 20 Aug 2021
Just wrong? Or just WEIRD? Investigating the prevalence of moral dumbfounding in non-Western samples
McHugh, C., Zhang, R., Karnatak, T., Lamba, N. and Khokhlova, O. 2021. Just wrong? Or just WEIRD? Investigating the prevalence of moral dumbfounding in non-Western samples. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/zxfbj
Biowarfare conspiracy, faith in government, and compliance with safety guidelines during COVID-19: an international study
Khokhlova, O., Lamba, N., Bhatia, A. and Vinogradova, M. 2021. Biowarfare conspiracy, faith in government, and compliance with safety guidelines during COVID-19: an international study. Mind and Society. 20 (2), pp. 235-251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11299-021-00282-4
Factors associated with perception of marital rape in India
Lamba, N. and Khokhlova, O. 2020. Factors associated with perception of marital rape in India. 4th European Conference on Domestic Violence. Online from Slovenia
The resonance of Sushant Singh: A sociological and psychological exploration
Lamba, N. 2020. The resonance of Sushant Singh: A sociological and psychological exploration. Express Group.
You are not alone: exploring experiences and available support structures for mothers with children with Autism
Van Tonder, A. and Lamba, N. 2020. You are not alone: exploring experiences and available support structures for mothers with children with Autism. 5th International Conference on Emerging Research Paradigms in Business and Social Sciences. Middlesex University Dubai, UAE 14 - 16 Jan 2020
Does the coronavirus pandemic carry signs of a generational trauma?
Lamba, N. 2020. Does the coronavirus pandemic carry signs of a generational trauma? Scroll Media Inc.
Virtual influencers in digital marketing: innovative trend or passing fad?
Moustakas, E., Ranganathan, C. and Lamba, N. 2020. Virtual influencers in digital marketing: innovative trend or passing fad? in: Koutra, C. and Ahmad, H. (ed.) Emerging human and techno-human business management dynamics in a globalized environment Nova Science.
Blurring lines between fiction and reality: perspectives of experts on marketing effectiveness of virtual influencers
Evangelos, M., Lamba, N., Mahmoud, D. and Ranganathan, C. 2020. Blurring lines between fiction and reality: perspectives of experts on marketing effectiveness of virtual influencers. International Conference on Cyber Security and Protection of Digital Services (Cyber Security 2020). Online (virtual) 15 - 19 Jun 2020 IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CyberSecurity49315.2020.9138861
How can education shape the future happiness and well-being of students?
Lamba, N. 2019. How can education shape the future happiness and well-being of students? Edarabia.
The ART of performance: engaging young people with assisted reproductive technologies*
Jadva, V., Vilsbol, T., Ayed, N., Imrie, S., Jones, C., Lamba, N., McConnachie, A., Vasques, S., Golombok, S. and Zadeh, S. 2019. The ART of performance: engaging young people with assisted reproductive technologies*. International Journal of Science Education, Part B: Communication and Public Engagement. 9 (2), pp. 128-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/21548455.2019.1576239
Psychological well-being, maternal-foetal bonding and experiences of Indian surrogates
Lamba, N. 2017. Psychological well-being, maternal-foetal bonding and experiences of Indian surrogates. PhD thesis University of Cambridge
India in transition: why ban commercial surrogacy? [News article]
Lamba, N. 2018. India in transition: why ban commercial surrogacy? [News article]. The Hindu Business Line.
Indian surrogates: their psychological well-being and experiences
Lamba, N. and Jadva, V. 2018. Indian surrogates: their psychological well-being and experiences. in: Mitra, S., Schicktanz, S. and Patel, T. (ed.) Cross-Cultural Comparisons on Surrogacy and Egg Donation: Interdisciplinary Perspectives from India, Germany and Israel Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 181-201
The psychological well-being and prenatal bonding of gestational surrogates
Lamba, N., Jadva, V., Kadam, K. and Golombok, S. 2018. The psychological well-being and prenatal bonding of gestational surrogates. Human Reproduction. 33 (4), pp. 646-653. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dey048
Politics of the female body, reproductive rights and its health consequences amongst South Asian women: psychological impact of commercial surrogacy amongSouth Asian women
Lamba, N. 2017. Politics of the female body, reproductive rights and its health consequences amongst South Asian women: psychological impact of commercial surrogacy amongSouth Asian women. British Association for South Asian Studies: BASAS Conference 2017. Nottingham, U.K. 19 - 21 Apr 2017
The psychological well-being and maternal-fetal bonding of surrogates
Lamba, N., Jadva, V., Kaushal, K. and Golombok, S. 2017. The psychological well-being and maternal-fetal bonding of surrogates. Society for Research in Child Development. Austin, Texas 06 - 08 Apr 2017
Policy perspective on Indian surrogacy: Past, present and future
Lamba, N. 2017. Policy perspective on Indian surrogacy: Past, present and future. 6th National Bio-Ethics Conference. Pune, India Jan 2017
New surrogacy policy: great leap backwards
Lamba, N. 2016. New surrogacy policy: great leap backwards. Open Magazine.
A longitudinal study of the experiences and psychological well-being of Indian surrogates
Lamba, N., Jadva, V., Kadam, K. and Golombok, S. 2016. A longitudinal study of the experiences and psychological well-being of Indian surrogates. 32nd Annual Meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. Helsinki, Finland 03 - 06 Jul 2016
Rethinking commercial vs. altruistic surrogacy in India
Lamba, N. 2016. Rethinking commercial vs. altruistic surrogacy in India. India in Transition.
Motivations, experiences and psychological well-being of Indian surrogates
Lamba, N. 2015. Motivations, experiences and psychological well-being of Indian surrogates. Product, Production, Productivity: A Women's Studies Symposium. Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 10 - 12 Dec 2015
On wealth and the diversity of friendships: high social class people around the world have fewer international friends
Yearwood, M.H., Cuddy, A., Lamba, N., Wu, Y., Van der Lowe, I., Piff, P.K., Gronin, C., Fleming, P., Simon-Thomas, E., Keltner, D. and Spectre, A. 2015. On wealth and the diversity of friendships: high social class people around the world have fewer international friends. Personality and Individual Differences. 87, pp. 224-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.040
Indian egg donors’ characteristics, motivations and feelings towards the recipient and resultant child
Jadva, V., Lamba, N., Kadam, K. and Golombok, S. 2015. Indian egg donors’ characteristics, motivations and feelings towards the recipient and resultant child. Reproductive Biomedicine & Society Online. 1 (2), pp. 98-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbms.2016.04.003
Selling womb for some ‘baby cash'
Lamba, N. 2013. Selling womb for some ‘baby cash'. Oxford India Policy Blog.
A self-relevance analysis of safer-sex cognition
Lamba, N., Reich, W., Vial, A. and Young, J. 2012. A self-relevance analysis of safer-sex cognition. 83rd annual meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association. Pittsburgh USA 01 - 04 Mar 2012
Sequence learning under uncertainty in children: self-reflection vs. self-assertion
Lange-Küttner, C., Averbeck, B., Hirsch, S., Wießner, I. and Lamba, N. 2012. Sequence learning under uncertainty in children: self-reflection vs. self-assertion. Frontiers in Psychology. 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00127