Exploring policing and industry practice in the prevention of online child sexual abuse

Book chapter

Davidson, J., Schimmenti, A., Caretti, V., Puccia, A., Corbari, E., Bogaerts, S., Schilder, J., Scally, M., Bifulco, A. and DeMarco, J. 2020. Exploring policing and industry practice in the prevention of online child sexual abuse. in: Bryce, I. and Petherick, W. (ed.) Child Sexual Abuse: Forensic Issues in Evidence, Impact, and Management Academic Press. pp. 657-678
Chapter titleExploring policing and industry practice in the prevention of online child sexual abuse
AlternativeChapter Thirty - Exploring policing and industry practice in the prevention of online child sexual abuse
AuthorsDavidson, J., Schimmenti, A., Caretti, V., Puccia, A., Corbari, E., Bogaerts, S., Schilder, J., Scally, M., Bifulco, A. and DeMarco, J.
Abstract

This chapter considers child online protection in the context of a study funded by the European Commission which explored industry and policing practice in the prevention and investigation of online child sexual abuse cases. The research was conducted in four EU countries (United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy, and the Netherlands) and employed a mixed-methods approach including stakeholder interviews; industry case studies; national police surveys in three countries; and a national youth victimisation survey in three countries. The findings suggest that the scale of online child sexual abuse continues to grow and that the police are ill-equipped to respond; front line police officers are the first to respond first but are not trained to do so, and finally, those officers who have received specialist training are more likely to respond appropriately and to feel confident in working on such cases. There are pockets of good practice but there is a need to foster more centralised collaborative procedures between industry and law enforcement, both at national and international levels.

Research GroupCentre for Abuse, Trauma and Suicide Studies (CATS)
Page range657-678
Book titleChild Sexual Abuse: Forensic Issues in Evidence, Impact, and Management
EditorsBryce, I. and Petherick, W.
PublisherAcademic Press
Elsevier
Edition1st Edition
ISBN
Paperback9780128194348
Electronic9780128194355
Publication dates
Print30 Apr 2020
Online27 May 2020
Publication process dates
Deposited20 Apr 2020
Accepted01 Jan 2019
Output statusPublished
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819434-8.00030-1
Related Output
Is part ofhttps://doi.org/10.1016/C2018-0-04491-6
Is part ofhttps://shop.elsevier.com/books/child-sexual-abuse/bryce/978-0-12-819434-8
LanguageEnglish
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Davidson, J. and Gottschalk, P. 2008. Digital forensics in law enforcement: the case of online victimisation of children. Electronic Government: an international journal. 5 (4), pp. 445-451. https://doi.org/10.1504/EG.2008.019526
Protecting vulnerable young people in cyberspace from sexual abuse: raising awareness and responding globally
Davidson, J. and Martellozzo, E. 2008. Protecting vulnerable young people in cyberspace from sexual abuse: raising awareness and responding globally. Police Practice and Research. 9 (4), pp. 277-289. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614260802349965
Risk factors and psychological outcomes of bullying victimization: a community-based study
Bifulco, A., Schimmenti, A., Jacobs, C., Bunn, A. and Rusu, A. 2014. Risk factors and psychological outcomes of bullying victimization: a community-based study. Child Indicators Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-014-9236-8
Adverse childhood experiences and their impact on frequency, severity, and the individual function of nonsuicidal self-injury in youth
Kaess, M., Parzer, P., Mattern, M., Plener, P., Bifulco, A., Resch, F. and Brunner, R. 2013. Adverse childhood experiences and their impact on frequency, severity, and the individual function of nonsuicidal self-injury in youth. Psychiatry Research. 206 (2-3), pp. 265-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.10.012
Life events
Bifulco, A. 2013. Life events. in: Gabe, J. and Monaghan, L. (ed.) Key concepts in medical sociology London, UK SAGE Publications. pp. 45-50
Setting up a youth violence prevention project in a London hospital emergency department
Ilan-Clarke, Y., Bunn, A., DeMarco, J., Bifulco, A., Criddle, J. and Holdsworth, G. 2013. Setting up a youth violence prevention project in a London hospital emergency department. Journal of Public Mental Health. 12 (2), pp. 80-92. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMH-09-2012-0005
Understanding alexithymia in female adolescents: the role of attachment style
Oskis, A., Clow, A., Hucklebridge, F., Bifulco, A., Jacobs, C. and Loveday, C. 2013. Understanding alexithymia in female adolescents: the role of attachment style. Personality and Individual Differences. 54 (1), pp. 97-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.08.023
Psychiatrie infantojuvénile en Europe: 68 Grande-Bretagne
Bifulco, A. and Thomas, G. 2012. Psychiatrie infantojuvénile en Europe: 68 Grande-Bretagne. in: Ferrari, P. and Bonnot, O. (ed.) Traité européen de psychiatrie et de psychopathologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent Paris Lavoisier. pp. 691-697
Caring about attachment in young people in residential care: the use of the attachment style interview. Report of a voluntary sector and university partnership
Jacobs, C., Ilan-Clarke, Y. and Bifulco, A. 2012. Caring about attachment in young people in residential care: the use of the attachment style interview. Report of a voluntary sector and university partnership. Community Care Inform.
Vulnerability, life events and depression amongst Moslem Malaysian women: comparing those married and those divorced or separated
Abdul Kadir, N. and Bifulco, A. 2011. Vulnerability, life events and depression amongst Moslem Malaysian women: comparing those married and those divorced or separated. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 46 (9), pp. 853-862. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-010-0249-4
Attachment style and psychological adjustment in couples
Conde, A., Figueirido, B. and Bifulco, A. 2011. Attachment style and psychological adjustment in couples. Attachment & Human Development. 13 (3), pp. 271-291. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2011.562417
Condividere e condividere allo stesso modo.Il maltrattamento è un’esperienza condivisa dai fratelli? [= To share and share alike: is maltreatment an experience shared by siblings?]
Bifulco, A., Ilan-Clarke, Y., Hannan, L. and Schimmenti, A. 2008. Condividere e condividere allo stesso modo.Il maltrattamento è un’esperienza condivisa dai fratelli? [= To share and share alike: is maltreatment an experience shared by siblings?]. Noos – Aggiornamenti in Psichiatria. 3, pp. 253-274.
Quando i genitori maltrattano i figli. Le radici psicopatologiche dello sviluppo affettivo (When the parents maltreat their young: the developmental roots of psychopathology)
Schimmenti, A. and Bifulco, A. 2008. Quando i genitori maltrattano i figli. Le radici psicopatologiche dello sviluppo affettivo (When the parents maltreat their young: the developmental roots of psychopathology). in: Caretti, V. and Creparo, G. (ed.) Trauma e psicopatologia. Un approccio evolutivo-relazionale Rome Astrolabi. pp. 94-131
Le esperienze di maltrattamento vissute dai fratelli: tra ambiente condiviso e non condiviso
Schimmenti, A. and Bifulco, A. 2010. Le esperienze di maltrattamento vissute dai fratelli: tra ambiente condiviso e non condiviso. in: Schimmenti, V. (ed.) Oltre la madre: relazioni familiari e sviluppo psicologico Milan, Italy FrancoAngeli. pp. 114-129
Loss trauma
Bifulco, A. 2007. Loss trauma. in: Encyclopedia of Stress Academic Press. pp. 612-615
Il bambino maltrattato: le radici della depressione nel trauma e nell'abuso infantile
Bifulco, A. and Moran, P. 2007. Il bambino maltrattato: le radici della depressione nel trauma e nell'abuso infantile. Rome Astrolabio Ubaldini.
Familial patterns of stress
Bifulco, A. 2007. Familial patterns of stress. in: Fink, G. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Stress Academic Press. pp. 1-6
Wednesday's child: research into women's experience of neglect and abuse in childhood and adult depression
Bifulco, A. and Moran, P. 1998. Wednesday's child: research into women's experience of neglect and abuse in childhood and adult depression. London, U.K. Routledge.
Risk and resilience in young Londoners
Bifulco, A. 2009. Risk and resilience in young Londoners. in: Brom, D., Pat-Horenczyk, R. and Ford, J. (ed.) Treating traumatized children: risk, resilience and recovery Hove, U.K. Routledge. pp. 117-130
Depressed mothers and their children: attachment issues
Bifulco, A. 2010. Depressed mothers and their children: attachment issues. in: Kohen, D. (ed.) Oxford Textbook of Women and Mental Health Oxford, U.K. Oxford University Press (OUP). pp. 271-277
History of childhood abuse in Portuguese parents
Figuieredo, B., Bifulco, A., Paivia, C., Maia, A., Fernandes, E. and Matos, R. 2004. History of childhood abuse in Portuguese parents. Child Abuse and Neglect. 28 (6), pp. 669-682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.11.021
Maternal attachment style and depression associated with childbirth ; preliminary results from a European and US cross-cultural study
Bifulco, A., Figueiredo, B., Guedeney, N., Gorman, L., Hayes, S., Muzik, M., Glatigny-Dallay, E., Valoriani, V., Kammerer, M. and Henshaw, C. 2004. Maternal attachment style and depression associated with childbirth ; preliminary results from a European and US cross-cultural study. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 184, pp. s31-s37.
Attachment style measurement: a clinical and epidemiological perspective
Bifulco, A. 2002. Attachment style measurement: a clinical and epidemiological perspective. Attachment & Human Development. 4 (2), pp. 180-188. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730210157501
Lifetime stressors and recurrent depression: preliminary findings of the Adult Life Phase Interview (ALPHI)
Bifulco, A., Bernazzani, O., Moran, P. and Ball, C. 2000. Lifetime stressors and recurrent depression: preliminary findings of the Adult Life Phase Interview (ALPHI). Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 35 (6), pp. 264-275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001270050238
Motherhood as a vulnerability factor in major depression: the role of negative pregnancy experiences
Bernazzani, O. and Bifulco, A. 2003. Motherhood as a vulnerability factor in major depression: the role of negative pregnancy experiences. Social Science & Medicine. 56 (6), pp. 1249-1260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00123-5
Malaysian moslem mothers' experience of depression and service use
Abdul Kadir, N. and Bifulco, A. 2010. Malaysian moslem mothers' experience of depression and service use. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry. 34 (3), pp. 443-467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-010-9183-x
Exploring psychological abuse in childhood. I: developing a new interview scale
Moran, P., Bifulco, A., Ball, C., Jacobs, C. and Benaim, K. 2002. Exploring psychological abuse in childhood. I: developing a new interview scale. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic. 66 (Summer), pp. 213-240.
Childhood experiences of care and abuse (CECA): validierung der Deutschen version des fragebogenund korrespondierenden Interview sowie Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung von Zusammenhangen belastenader Kindheitserlebnisse mit suizdalen Verhaltensweisen
Kaess, M., Parzer, P., Mattern, M., Resch, F., Bifulco, A. and Brunner, R. 2011. Childhood experiences of care and abuse (CECA): validierung der Deutschen version des fragebogenund korrespondierenden Interview sowie Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung von Zusammenhangen belastenader Kindheitserlebnisse mit suizdalen Verhaltensweisen. Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie. 39 (4), pp. 243-252. https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000115
Investigating police practice in the UK: achieving best evidence in work with young victims of abuse
Davidson, J. and Bifulco, A. 2009. Investigating police practice in the UK: achieving best evidence in work with young victims of abuse. Pakistan Journal of Criminology. 1 (3), pp. 19-46.
Childhood experience and sexual offending: the use of the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA) interview in forensic psychology research and practice
Bifulco, A. 2006. Childhood experience and sexual offending: the use of the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA) interview in forensic psychology research and practice. in: Pham, T. (ed.) L'évaluation diagnostique des agresseurs sexuels Belgium Mardaga Pierre.
Early adversity and depression
Bifulco, A. 2009. Early adversity and depression. in: Ingram, R. (ed.) The International Encyclopedia of Depression New York Springer Publishing Company.
Multi-agency working: Implications for an early-intervention social work team
Moran, P., Jacobs, C., Bunn, A. and Bifulco, A. 2007. Multi-agency working: Implications for an early-intervention social work team. Child & Family Social Work. 12 (2), pp. 143-151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2006.00452.x
Teenage pregnancy, attachment style, and depression: a comparison of teenage and adult pregnant women in a Portuguese series
Figueiredo, B., Bifulco, A., Pacheco, A., Costa, R. and Magarinho, R. 2006. Teenage pregnancy, attachment style, and depression: a comparison of teenage and adult pregnant women in a Portuguese series. Attachment & Human Development. 8 (2), pp. 123-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730600785686
Legislation and policy: protecting young people, sentencing and managing Internet sex offenders
Davidson, J. 2010. Legislation and policy: protecting young people, sentencing and managing Internet sex offenders. in: Davidson, J. and Gottschalk, P. (ed.) Internet child abuse: current research and policy Abingdon, U.K. Routledge-Cavendish. pp. 8-26
Victims speak: comparing child sexual abusers' and child victims' accounts, perceptions, and interpretations of sexual abuse
Davidson, J. 2006. Victims speak: comparing child sexual abusers' and child victims' accounts, perceptions, and interpretations of sexual abuse. Victims and Offenders. 1 (2), pp. 159-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564880600626114
Exploring psychological abuse in childhood: II. Association with other abuse and adult clinical depression
Bifulco, A., Moran, P., Baines, R., Bunn, A. and Stanford, K. 2002. Exploring psychological abuse in childhood: II. Association with other abuse and adult clinical depression. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic. 66 (3), pp. 241-258.
The Vulnerable Attachment Style Questionnaire (VASQ): an interview-based measure of attachment styles that predict depressive disorder
Bifulco, A., Mahon, J., Kwon, J., Moran, P. and Jacobs, C. 2003. The Vulnerable Attachment Style Questionnaire (VASQ): an interview-based measure of attachment styles that predict depressive disorder. Psychological Medicine. 33 (6), pp. 1099-1110. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291703008237
Problem partners and parenting: exploring linkages with maternal insecure attachment style and adolescent offspring internalizing disorder
Bifulco, A., Moran, P., Jacobs, C. and Bunn, A. 2009. Problem partners and parenting: exploring linkages with maternal insecure attachment style and adolescent offspring internalizing disorder. Attachment & Human Development. 11 (1), pp. 69-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730802500826
Child victims of sexual abuse: children's experience of the investigative process in the criminal justice system
Davidson, J., Bifulco, A., Thomas, G. and Ramsay, M. 2006. Child victims of sexual abuse: children's experience of the investigative process in the criminal justice system. Practice: Social Work in Action. 18 (4), pp. 247-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/09503150601025253
Adult attachment style as mediator between childhood neglect/abuse and adult depression and anxiety
Bifulco, A., Kwon, J., Jacobs, C., Moran, P., Bunn, A. and Beer, N. 2006. Adult attachment style as mediator between childhood neglect/abuse and adult depression and anxiety. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 41 (10), pp. 796-805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-006-0101-z
Adult Attachment Style. II: Its relationship to psychosocial depressive-vulnerability
Bifulco, A., Moran, P., Ball, C. and Lillie, A. 2002. Adult Attachment Style. II: Its relationship to psychosocial depressive-vulnerability. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 37 (2), pp. 60-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s127-002-8216-x
Adult attachment style. I: Its relationship to clinical depression
Bifulco, A., Moran, P., Ball, C. and Bernazzani, O. 2002. Adult attachment style. I: Its relationship to clinical depression. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 37 (2), pp. 50-59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s127-002-8215-0
Assessing psychosocial risk in pregnant/postpartum women using the Contextual Assessment of Maternity Experience (CAME)
Bernazzani, O., Marks, M., Bifulco, A., Siddle, K., Asten, P. and Conroy, S. 2005. Assessing psychosocial risk in pregnant/postpartum women using the Contextual Assessment of Maternity Experience (CAME). Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 40 (6), pp. 497-508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-005-0917-y
Problem partners and parenting: exploring linkages with maternal insecure attachment style and adolescent offspring internalizing disorder
Bifulco, A., Moran, P., Jacobs, C. and Bunn, A. 2009. Problem partners and parenting: exploring linkages with maternal insecure attachment style and adolescent offspring internalizing disorder. Attachment & Human Development. 11 (1), pp. 69-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730802500826
Concordance between mother and offspring retrospective reports of childhood adversity
Fisher, H., Bunn, A., Jacobs, C., Moran, P. and Bifulco, A. 2011. Concordance between mother and offspring retrospective reports of childhood adversity. Child Abuse and Neglect. 35 (2), pp. 117-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.10.003
Tender healthy relationships evaluation: interim report
Sanders-McDonagh, E., Horvath, M., Apena-Rogers, S., Scally, M. and Piprawala, A. 2013. Tender healthy relationships evaluation: interim report. Middlesex University.
"Basically... porn is everywhere": A rapid evidence assessment on the effects that access and exposure to pornography has on children and young people
Horvath, M., Alys, L., Massey, K., Pina, A., Scally, M. and Adler, J. 2013. "Basically... porn is everywhere": A rapid evidence assessment on the effects that access and exposure to pornography has on children and young people. London, UK Office of the Children's Commissioner for England.
Protecting children online: towards a safer internet
Davidson, J. and Martellozzo, E. 2008. Protecting children online: towards a safer internet. in: Wetherby, G., Williams, K., Birch, P. and Cain, M. (ed.) Sex as crime? Willan. pp. 338-355
Internet sex offenders: individual autonomy, ‘folk devils’ and state control
Martellozzo, E., Davidson, J. and Cambridge Socio-Legal Group 2009. Internet sex offenders: individual autonomy, ‘folk devils’ and state control. in: Sclater, S., Ebtehaj, F., Jackson, E. and Richards, M. (ed.) Regulating autonomy: sex, reproduction and family Oxford, UK Hart Publishing. pp. 129-146
Understanding adult attachment in family relationships: assessment and intervention
Bifulco, A. and Thomas, G. 2012. Understanding adult attachment in family relationships: assessment and intervention. Routledge.
Globalization, urbanization & security
Davidson, J. and Martellozzo, E. 2009. Globalization, urbanization & security. in: Cordner, G., Cordner, A. and Das, D. (ed.) Urbanization, policing & security: global perspectives CRC Press.
Characteristics of the Internet for criminal child sexual abuse by online groomers
Davidson, J. and Gottschalk, P. 2011. Characteristics of the Internet for criminal child sexual abuse by online groomers. Criminal Justice Studies. 24 (1), pp. 23-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2011.544188
Urbanization and security: moving forward, key themes, and challenges
Davidson, J. and Martellozzo, E. 2009. Urbanization and security: moving forward, key themes, and challenges. in: Cordner, G., Das, D. and Cordner, A. (ed.) Urbanization, policing, and security: global perspectives. CRC Press. pp. 435-440
Evaluation of CEOP ThinkUKnow internet safety programme and exploration of young people's internet safety knowledge.
Davidson, J., Martellozzo, E. and Lorenz, M. 2009. Evaluation of CEOP ThinkUKnow internet safety programme and exploration of young people's internet safety knowledge. Centre for Abuse & Trauma Studies and Kingston University.
The Attachment Style Interview (ASI): a support-based adult assessment tool for adoption and fostering practice
Bifulco, A., Jacobs, C., Bunn, A., Thomas, G. and Irving, K. 2008. The Attachment Style Interview (ASI): a support-based adult assessment tool for adoption and fostering practice. Adoption and Fostering. 32 (3), pp. 33-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/030857590803200306
Solutions on Stress (SOS): programmes, packages and products for helping teenagers
Bunn, A., Bifulco, A., Lorenc, A. and Robinson, N. 2007. Solutions on Stress (SOS): programmes, packages and products for helping teenagers. Young Consumers: Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers. 8 (1), pp. 29-35. https://doi.org/10.1108/17473610710733758
The childhood experience of care and abuse questionnaire (CECA.Q): validation in a community series
Bifulco, A., Bernazzani, O., Moran, P. and Jacobs, C. 2005. The childhood experience of care and abuse questionnaire (CECA.Q): validation in a community series. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 44 (4), pp. 563-581. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466505X35344
Childhood adversity, parental vulnerability and disorder: examining intergenerational transmission of risk
Bifulco, A., Moran, P., Ball, C., Jacobs, C., Baines, R., Bunn, A. and Cavagin, J. 2002. Childhood adversity, parental vulnerability and disorder: examining intergenerational transmission of risk. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 43 (8), pp. 1075-1086. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00234
Predicting onset of depression: the vulnerability to depression questionnaire
Moran, P., Bifulco, A., Ball, C. and Campbell, C. 2001. Predicting onset of depression: the vulnerability to depression questionnaire. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 40 (4), pp. 411-427. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466501163896