EU online child safety: what does the literature say?

Article

DeMarco, J., Davidson, J., Bifulco, A., Scally, M., Cheevers, C., Schimmenti, A., Caretti, V., Puccia, A., Corbari, E., Schilder, J. and Bogaerts, S. 2016. EU online child safety: what does the literature say? Crimen et Delictum: International Journal of Criminological and Investigative Sciences. 11 (1), pp. 1-19.
TypeArticle
TitleEU online child safety: what does the literature say?
AuthorsDeMarco, J., Davidson, J., Bifulco, A., Scally, M., Cheevers, C., Schimmenti, A., Caretti, V., Puccia, A., Corbari, E., Schilder, J. and Bogaerts, S.
Abstract

The purpose of this review is to introduce both the research and political context of the European Commission’s ISEC Illegal Use of the Internet work programme and the EU Online Child Safety investigation. This includes examining the social, psychological and legal contexts of online crimes perpetrated against children, inclusive of a holistic engagement with the relevant policy, legislation and law enforcement procedures within the European Union. The primary aim of this study is to explore the prevalence of online childhood sexual abuse (online CSA) including the production, distribution and collection of childhood indecent images, online grooming and elements of ‘sexting’ from the perspective of law enforcement and industry.
The study covers four European countries and their associated practices: UK, Netherlands, Italy and Ireland, all of which will provide a comparative perspective of cross-cultural procedures and processes in law enforcement, industry practice and victimisation. This paper will address a summary of the key findings from the scoping phase covering all elements of the criminal justice process. Specifically, key summaries and themes emerging from the literature consulted are presented and recommendations are made for progress and as indicators for the project as it develops.

Research GroupCentre for Abuse and Trauma Studies (CATS)
PublisherFDE Institute Press® - Mantova – Italy
JournalCrimen et Delictum: International Journal of Criminological and Investigative Sciences
ISSN2039-5671
Publication dates
Print28 Apr 2016
Publication process dates
Deposited16 Jun 2017
Accepted15 Mar 2016
Output statusPublished
Publisher's version
Web address (URL)http://www.istitutofde.it/index.php/en/criminology-institute/fde-institute-press--publications/crimen-et-delictum-j/771-nr-11-april-2016.html
LanguageEnglish
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Bifulco, A. and Moran, P. 2007. Il bambino maltrattato: le radici della depressione nel trauma e nell'abuso infantile. Rome Astrolabio Ubaldini.
Familial patterns of stress
Bifulco, A. 2007. Familial patterns of stress. in: Fink, G. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Stress Academic Press. pp. 1-6
Wednesday's child: research into women's experience of neglect and abuse in childhood and adult depression
Bifulco, A. and Moran, P. 1998. Wednesday's child: research into women's experience of neglect and abuse in childhood and adult depression. London, U.K. Routledge.
Risk and resilience in young Londoners
Bifulco, A. 2009. Risk and resilience in young Londoners. in: Brom, D., Pat-Horenczyk, R. and Ford, J. (ed.) Treating traumatized children: risk, resilience and recovery Hove, U.K. Routledge. pp. 117-130
Depressed mothers and their children: attachment issues
Bifulco, A. 2010. Depressed mothers and their children: attachment issues. in: Kohen, D. (ed.) Oxford Textbook of Women and Mental Health Oxford, U.K. Oxford University Press (OUP). pp. 271-277
History of childhood abuse in Portuguese parents
Figuieredo, B., Bifulco, A., Paivia, C., Maia, A., Fernandes, E. and Matos, R. 2004. History of childhood abuse in Portuguese parents. Child Abuse and Neglect. 28 (6), pp. 669-682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.11.021
Maternal attachment style and depression associated with childbirth ; preliminary results from a European and US cross-cultural study
Bifulco, A., Figueiredo, B., Guedeney, N., Gorman, L., Hayes, S., Muzik, M., Glatigny-Dallay, E., Valoriani, V., Kammerer, M. and Henshaw, C. 2004. Maternal attachment style and depression associated with childbirth ; preliminary results from a European and US cross-cultural study. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 184, pp. s31-s37.
Attachment style measurement: a clinical and epidemiological perspective
Bifulco, A. 2002. Attachment style measurement: a clinical and epidemiological perspective. Attachment & Human Development. 4 (2), pp. 180-188. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730210157501
Lifetime stressors and recurrent depression: preliminary findings of the Adult Life Phase Interview (ALPHI)
Bifulco, A., Bernazzani, O., Moran, P. and Ball, C. 2000. Lifetime stressors and recurrent depression: preliminary findings of the Adult Life Phase Interview (ALPHI). Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 35 (6), pp. 264-275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001270050238
Motherhood as a vulnerability factor in major depression: the role of negative pregnancy experiences
Bernazzani, O. and Bifulco, A. 2003. Motherhood as a vulnerability factor in major depression: the role of negative pregnancy experiences. Social Science & Medicine. 56 (6), pp. 1249-1260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00123-5
Malaysian moslem mothers' experience of depression and service use
Abdul Kadir, N. and Bifulco, A. 2010. Malaysian moslem mothers' experience of depression and service use. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry. 34 (3), pp. 443-467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-010-9183-x
Exploring psychological abuse in childhood. I: developing a new interview scale
Moran, P., Bifulco, A., Ball, C., Jacobs, C. and Benaim, K. 2002. Exploring psychological abuse in childhood. I: developing a new interview scale. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic. 66 (Summer), pp. 213-240.
Childhood experiences of care and abuse (CECA): validierung der Deutschen version des fragebogenund korrespondierenden Interview sowie Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung von Zusammenhangen belastenader Kindheitserlebnisse mit suizdalen Verhaltensweisen
Kaess, M., Parzer, P., Mattern, M., Resch, F., Bifulco, A. and Brunner, R. 2011. Childhood experiences of care and abuse (CECA): validierung der Deutschen version des fragebogenund korrespondierenden Interview sowie Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung von Zusammenhangen belastenader Kindheitserlebnisse mit suizdalen Verhaltensweisen. Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie. 39 (4), pp. 243-252. https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000115
Investigating police practice in the UK: achieving best evidence in work with young victims of abuse
Davidson, J. and Bifulco, A. 2009. Investigating police practice in the UK: achieving best evidence in work with young victims of abuse. Pakistan Journal of Criminology. 1 (3), pp. 19-46.
Childhood experience and sexual offending: the use of the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA) interview in forensic psychology research and practice
Bifulco, A. 2006. Childhood experience and sexual offending: the use of the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA) interview in forensic psychology research and practice. in: Pham, T. (ed.) L'évaluation diagnostique des agresseurs sexuels Belgium Mardaga Pierre.
Early adversity and depression
Bifulco, A. 2009. Early adversity and depression. in: Ingram, R. (ed.) The International Encyclopedia of Depression New York Springer Publishing Company.
Multi-agency working: Implications for an early-intervention social work team
Moran, P., Jacobs, C., Bunn, A. and Bifulco, A. 2007. Multi-agency working: Implications for an early-intervention social work team. Child & Family Social Work. 12 (2), pp. 143-151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2006.00452.x
Teenage pregnancy, attachment style, and depression: a comparison of teenage and adult pregnant women in a Portuguese series
Figueiredo, B., Bifulco, A., Pacheco, A., Costa, R. and Magarinho, R. 2006. Teenage pregnancy, attachment style, and depression: a comparison of teenage and adult pregnant women in a Portuguese series. Attachment & Human Development. 8 (2), pp. 123-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730600785686
Solutions on Stress (SOS): programmes, packages and products for helping teenagers
Bunn, A., Bifulco, A., Lorenc, A. and Robinson, N. 2007. Solutions on Stress (SOS): programmes, packages and products for helping teenagers. Young Consumers: Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers. 8 (1), pp. 29-35. https://doi.org/10.1108/17473610710733758
Exploring psychological abuse in childhood: II. Association with other abuse and adult clinical depression
Bifulco, A., Moran, P., Baines, R., Bunn, A. and Stanford, K. 2002. Exploring psychological abuse in childhood: II. Association with other abuse and adult clinical depression. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic. 66 (3), pp. 241-258.
The Vulnerable Attachment Style Questionnaire (VASQ): an interview-based measure of attachment styles that predict depressive disorder
Bifulco, A., Mahon, J., Kwon, J., Moran, P. and Jacobs, C. 2003. The Vulnerable Attachment Style Questionnaire (VASQ): an interview-based measure of attachment styles that predict depressive disorder. Psychological Medicine. 33 (6), pp. 1099-1110. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291703008237
Problem partners and parenting: exploring linkages with maternal insecure attachment style and adolescent offspring internalizing disorder
Bifulco, A., Moran, P., Jacobs, C. and Bunn, A. 2009. Problem partners and parenting: exploring linkages with maternal insecure attachment style and adolescent offspring internalizing disorder. Attachment & Human Development. 11 (1), pp. 69-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730802500826
Child victims of sexual abuse: children's experience of the investigative process in the criminal justice system
Davidson, J., Bifulco, A., Thomas, G. and Ramsay, M. 2006. Child victims of sexual abuse: children's experience of the investigative process in the criminal justice system. Practice: Social Work in Action. 18 (4), pp. 247-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/09503150601025253
Adult attachment style as mediator between childhood neglect/abuse and adult depression and anxiety
Bifulco, A., Kwon, J., Jacobs, C., Moran, P., Bunn, A. and Beer, N. 2006. Adult attachment style as mediator between childhood neglect/abuse and adult depression and anxiety. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 41 (10), pp. 796-805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-006-0101-z
Adult Attachment Style. II: Its relationship to psychosocial depressive-vulnerability
Bifulco, A., Moran, P., Ball, C. and Lillie, A. 2002. Adult Attachment Style. II: Its relationship to psychosocial depressive-vulnerability. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 37 (2), pp. 60-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s127-002-8216-x
Adult attachment style. I: Its relationship to clinical depression
Bifulco, A., Moran, P., Ball, C. and Bernazzani, O. 2002. Adult attachment style. I: Its relationship to clinical depression. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 37 (2), pp. 50-59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s127-002-8215-0
Assessing psychosocial risk in pregnant/postpartum women using the Contextual Assessment of Maternity Experience (CAME)
Bernazzani, O., Marks, M., Bifulco, A., Siddle, K., Asten, P. and Conroy, S. 2005. Assessing psychosocial risk in pregnant/postpartum women using the Contextual Assessment of Maternity Experience (CAME). Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 40 (6), pp. 497-508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-005-0917-y
Problem partners and parenting: exploring linkages with maternal insecure attachment style and adolescent offspring internalizing disorder
Bifulco, A., Moran, P., Jacobs, C. and Bunn, A. 2009. Problem partners and parenting: exploring linkages with maternal insecure attachment style and adolescent offspring internalizing disorder. Attachment & Human Development. 11 (1), pp. 69-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616730802500826
Concordance between mother and offspring retrospective reports of childhood adversity
Fisher, H., Bunn, A., Jacobs, C., Moran, P. and Bifulco, A. 2011. Concordance between mother and offspring retrospective reports of childhood adversity. Child Abuse and Neglect. 35 (2), pp. 117-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.10.003
"Basically... porn is everywhere": A rapid evidence assessment on the effects that access and exposure to pornography has on children and young people
Horvath, M., Alys, L., Massey, K., Pina, A., Scally, M. and Adler, J. 2013. "Basically... porn is everywhere": A rapid evidence assessment on the effects that access and exposure to pornography has on children and young people. London, UK Office of the Children's Commissioner for England.
Understanding adult attachment in family relationships: assessment and intervention
Bifulco, A. and Thomas, G. 2012. Understanding adult attachment in family relationships: assessment and intervention. Routledge.
The Attachment Style Interview (ASI): a support-based adult assessment tool for adoption and fostering practice
Bifulco, A., Jacobs, C., Bunn, A., Thomas, G. and Irving, K. 2008. The Attachment Style Interview (ASI): a support-based adult assessment tool for adoption and fostering practice. Adoption and Fostering. 32 (3), pp. 33-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/030857590803200306
The childhood experience of care and abuse questionnaire (CECA.Q): validation in a community series
Bifulco, A., Bernazzani, O., Moran, P. and Jacobs, C. 2005. The childhood experience of care and abuse questionnaire (CECA.Q): validation in a community series. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 44 (4), pp. 563-581. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466505X35344
Childhood adversity, parental vulnerability and disorder: examining intergenerational transmission of risk
Bifulco, A., Moran, P., Ball, C., Jacobs, C., Baines, R., Bunn, A. and Cavagin, J. 2002. Childhood adversity, parental vulnerability and disorder: examining intergenerational transmission of risk. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 43 (8), pp. 1075-1086. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00234
Predicting onset of depression: the vulnerability to depression questionnaire
Moran, P., Bifulco, A., Ball, C. and Campbell, C. 2001. Predicting onset of depression: the vulnerability to depression questionnaire. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 40 (4), pp. 411-427. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466501163896