Onyima, J.; Syrett, S.; Sepulveda Ramirez, L.

Immigrant business in transnational contexts: a multifocal understanding of the breakout process

Article

Onyima, J., Syrett, S. and Sepulveda Ramirez, L. 2023. Immigrant business in transnational contexts: a multifocal understanding of the breakout process. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 30 (1), pp. 155-179. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-02-2023-0190

Publication dates
Type	Article
Title	Immigrant business in transnational contexts: a multifocal understanding of the breakout process
Authors	Onyima, J., Syrett, S. and Sepulveda Ramirez, L.
Abstract	Purpose This paper contributes to the development of an enhanced understanding of the breakout strategies of immigrant entrepreneurs within a transnational context. It develops a dynamic notion of breakout through placing it within a wider understanding of immigrant entrepreneurial strategy characterised by multifocal embeddedness within transnational space. Design/Methodology This study adopted a qualitative research methodological approach. In-depth interviews were completed with 30 first- and second-generation UK-based Nigerian entrepreneurs and key informants, to provide data on business growth strategies of individual immigrant entrepreneurs in the context of opportunity structures across host, home and third countries. Results Nigerian immigrant entrepreneurs adopted distinctive entrepreneurial strategies related to the complex and diverse transnational context within which they were embedded. Findings demonstrated how the realisation of diversification and differentiation strategies was particularly influenced by locational and spatial strategies, the specific contextual embeddedness of the entrepreneur, and generational differences across entrepreneurs. Originality Conceptualising immigrant entrepreneurship from a standpoint of transnational, multifocal embeddedness produces a complex and multi-layered understanding of business breakout as a dynamic process. Drawing together the unifocal, bifocal and multifocal dimensions of embeddedness with findings on the breakout strategies being pursued by immigrant entrepreneurs, an original typology is presented which identifies different approaches to breakout across varied contexts. This has significant policy and practice implications for the content, targeting and access of business support and wider social issues, relating to the identities, social mobility and integration of immigrant entrepreneurs.
Keywords	Immigrants; Entrepreneurship; Networks; Ethnic groups
Sustainable Development Goals	8 Decent work and economic growth
Middlesex University Theme	Creativity, Culture & Enterprise
Research Group	Centre for Enterprise, Environment and Development Research (CEEDR)
Publisher	Emerald Publishing Limited
Journal	International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research
ISSN	1355-2554
Electronic	1758-6534
Online	20 Dec 2023
Print	03 Jan 2024
Publication process dates
Accepted	19 Oct 2023
Deposited	16 Nov 2023
Output status	Published
Accepted author manuscript	Breakout IJEBR FINAL AUTHOR ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 19Oct2023.pdf File Access Level Open
Copyright Statement	Copyright © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited. This AAM is provided for your own personal use only. It may not be used for resale, reprinting, systematic distribution, emailing, or for any other commercial purpose without the permission of the publisher
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)	https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-02-2023-0190
Web of Science identifier	WOS:001129379100001
Language	English

Permalink -

https://repository.mdx.ac.uk/item/w2x79

Log in to edit

Download files

Accepted author manuscript

	Breakout IJEBR FINAL AUTHOR ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 19Oct2023.pdf
File access level: Open

115
total views
17
total downloads
9
views this month
1
downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

Collective capabilities for organizational democracy: the case of mutual social enterprises

Vickers, I., Lyon, F. and Sepulveda Ramirez, L. 2024. Collective capabilities for organizational democracy: the case of mutual social enterprises. British Journal of Management. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12840

Understanding the links between diversity and creativity as assessed in the boroughs of London

Pac-Salas, D., Sepulveda Ramirez, L., Baez Melian, J. and Minguijon, J. 2023. Understanding the links between diversity and creativity as assessed in the boroughs of London. Smart Cities. 6 (2), pp. 1152-1166. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6020055

Turning job seekers into job creators through entrepreneurship mentoring at Bharatiya Yuva Shakti Trust, India

Sanyal, C., Haddock-Millar, J., Sepulveda Ramirez, L., Owen, R., Syrett, S. and Kaye, N. 2023. Turning job seekers into job creators through entrepreneurship mentoring at Bharatiya Yuva Shakti Trust, India. in: Cannio, S., Carvalho, C. and Yu, F. (ed.) Mentoring with a Coaching Attitude: International Corporate Mentorship that Works London, UK Open University Press.

Public service mutuals: transforming how services are delivered through social enterprise and democratic governance

Vickers, I., Lyon, F., Sepulveda Ramirez, L. and Brennan, G. 2022. Public service mutuals: transforming how services are delivered through social enterprise and democratic governance. Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS).

A contextual understanding of diaspora entrepreneurship: identity, opportunity and resources in the Sri Lankan Tamil and Kurdish diaspora

Syrett, S. and Keles, J. 2022. A contextual understanding of diaspora entrepreneurship: identity, opportunity and resources in the Sri Lankan Tamil and Kurdish diaspora. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 28 (9), pp. 376-404. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-08-2021-0658

Conflict, displacement, and economic revival: the case of the internally displaced minority entrepreneurs in Pakistan

Khan, M. and Sepulveda Ramirez, L. 2022. Conflict, displacement, and economic revival: the case of the internally displaced minority entrepreneurs in Pakistan. Strategic Change. 31 (4), pp. 461-477. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2515

An institutional analysis of 'power within' local governance: a Bazaari tale from Pakistan

Khan, M.S. and Syrett, S. 2022. An institutional analysis of 'power within' local governance: a Bazaari tale from Pakistan. World Development. 154, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105882

Digital futures of small businesses and entrepreneurial opportunity

Reuschke, D., Mason, C. and Syrett, S. 2022. Digital futures of small businesses and entrepreneurial opportunity. Futures. 135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2021.102877

Digital futures of small businesses and entrepreneurial opportunity

Reuschke, D., Mason, C. and Syrett, S. 2021. Digital futures of small businesses and entrepreneurial opportunity. Futures. 128, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2021.102714

Portugal Economy

Syrett, S. 2019. Portugal Economy. in: Europa, P. (ed.) Western Europe 2020 Routledge.

Implementing democratic governance and ownership: the interplay of structure and culture in public service social enterprises

Sepulveda Ramirez, L., Lyon, F. and Vickers, I. 2020. Implementing democratic governance and ownership: the interplay of structure and culture in public service social enterprises. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations. 31 (3), pp. 627-641. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-020-00201-0

Territorial capital as a source of firm competitive advantage: evidence from the North and South of Italy

Morretta, V., Syrett, S. and Sepulveda Ramirez, L. 2020. Territorial capital as a source of firm competitive advantage: evidence from the North and South of Italy. European Planning Studies. 28 (12), pp. 2390-2408. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2020.1722067

The political institutionalization of the social economy in Ecuador: indigeneity and institutional logics

Calvo, S., Syrett, S. and Morales, A. 2020. The political institutionalization of the social economy in Ecuador: indigeneity and institutional logics. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space. 38 (2), pp. 269-289. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399654419857719

Diasporas, agency and enterprise in settlement and homeland contexts: politicised entrepreneurship in the Kurdish diaspora

Syrett, S. and Keles, J. 2019. Diasporas, agency and enterprise in settlement and homeland contexts: politicised entrepreneurship in the Kurdish diaspora. Political Geography. 73, pp. 60-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.05.008

Monitoring and evaluating business mentoring: towards a research and evaluation toolkit to measure impact

Haddock-Millar, J., Sanyal, C., Kaye, N., Sepulveda Ramirez, L., Owen, R. and Syrett, S. 2018. Monitoring and evaluating business mentoring: towards a research and evaluation toolkit to measure impact. International Journal of Human Resource Development: Practice, Policy & Research. 3 (2), pp. 35-47. https://doi.org/10.22324/ijhrdppr.3.115

'Social enterprise spin-outs': an institutional analysis of their emergence and potential

Sepulveda Ramirez, L., Lyon, F. and Vickers, I. 2018. 'Social enterprise spin-outs': an institutional analysis of their emergence and potential. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management. 30 (8), pp. 967-979. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2018.1431391

Competitive or cooperative relationships in clusters: a comparative study of two internationalising agro-processing clusters in Ghana

Ayakwah, A., Sepulveda Ramirez, L. and Lyon, F. 2018. Competitive or cooperative relationships in clusters: a comparative study of two internationalising agro-processing clusters in Ghana. Critical Perspectives on International Business. 14 (2/3), pp. 230-251. https://doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-12-2016-0063

Cities, the social economy and inclusive growth

Vickers, I., Andrea, W., Roger, S., Brennan, G. and Syrett, S. 2017. Cities, the social economy and inclusive growth. York Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

Understanding entrepreneurship in residential neighbourhoods and communities of place

Reuschke, D., Kleinhans, R., Syrett, S., van Ham, M. and Mason, C. 2017. Understanding entrepreneurship in residential neighbourhoods and communities of place. in: van Ham, M., Reuschke, D., Kleinhans, R., Mason, C. and Syrett, S. (ed.) Entrepreneurial Neighbourhoods: Towards an Understanding of the Economies of Neighbourhoods and Communities Edward Elgar Publishing . pp. 297-308

Unravelling the nexus between entrepreneurship, neighbourhoods and communities - introduction

Kleinhans, R., Reuschke, D., van Ham, M., Mason, C. and Syrett, S. 2017. Unravelling the nexus between entrepreneurship, neighbourhoods and communities - introduction. in: van Ham, M., Reuschke, D., Kleinhans, R., Mason, C. and Syrett, S. (ed.) Entrepreneurial Neighbourhoods: Towards an Understanding of the Economies of Neighbourhoods and Communities Edward Elgar Publishing . pp. 1-18

Public service innovation and multiple institutional logics: the case of hybrid social enterprise providers of health and wellbeing

Vickers, I., Lyon, F., Sepulveda Ramirez, L. and McMullin, C. 2017. Public service innovation and multiple institutional logics: the case of hybrid social enterprise providers of health and wellbeing. Research Policy. 46 (10), pp. 1755-1768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.08.003

Integrating entrepreneurship with urban and neighbourhood studies: lessons for future research

Reuschke, D., Mason, C., Syrett, S. and van Ham, M. 2015. Integrating entrepreneurship with urban and neighbourhood studies: lessons for future research. in: Mason, C., Reuschke, D., Syrett, S. and van Ham, M. (ed.) Entrepreneurship in Cities: Neighbourhoods, Households and Homes Edward Elgar Publishing . pp. 273-286

Connecting entrepreneurship with neighbourhoods and homes

Reuschke, D., Mason, C., Syrett, S. and van Ham, M. 2015. Connecting entrepreneurship with neighbourhoods and homes. in: Mason, C., Reuschke, D., Syrett, S. and van Ham, M. (ed.) Entrepreneurship in Cities: Neighbourhoods, Households and Homes Edward Elgar Publishing . pp. 1-16

Process of social innovation in mutual organisations: the case of social enterprises leaving the public sector

Lyon, F., Sepulveda Ramirez, L., Vickers, I., McMullin, C. and Gregory, D. 2013. Process of social innovation in mutual organisations: the case of social enterprises leaving the public sector. in: Social frontiers: the next edge of social innovation research NESTA.

Social enterprise – a new phenomenon in the field of economic and social welfare?

Sepulveda Ramirez, L. 2015. Social enterprise – a new phenomenon in the field of economic and social welfare? Social Policy and Administration. 49 (7), pp. 842-861. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12106

Changing funding realities for charities and social enterprises: responses to the big society agenda and austerity in the East of England

Sepulveda Ramirez, L., Lyon, F. and Stevenson, N. 2011. Changing funding realities for charities and social enterprises: responses to the big society agenda and austerity in the East of England. Institue for Small Business and Entrepreneurship.

Spatially-concentrated worklessness and neighbourhood policies: experiences from New Labour in England

Syrett, S. and North, D. 2013. Spatially-concentrated worklessness and neighbourhood policies: experiences from New Labour in England. in: Manley, D., van Ham, M., Bailey, N., Simpson, L. and Maclennan, D. (ed.) Neighbourhood effects or neighbourhood based problems? A policy context Springer. pp. 43-65

Social enterprise and ethnic minorities: exploring the consequences of the evolving British policy agenda

Sepulveda Ramirez, L., Syrett, S. and Calvo, S. 2013. Social enterprise and ethnic minorities: exploring the consequences of the evolving British policy agenda. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space. 31 (4), pp. 633-648. https://doi.org/10.1068/c11319

Social enterprise support policies: distinctions and challenges

Lyon, F. and Sepulveda Ramirez, L. 2012. Social enterprise support policies: distinctions and challenges. in: Blackburn, R. and Schaper, M. (ed.) Government, SMEs and entrepreneurship development: policies, tools and challenges Gower Publishing. pp. 213-226

Reconsidering private sector engagement in subnational economic governance

Syrett, S. and Bertotti, M. 2012. Reconsidering private sector engagement in subnational economic governance. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space. 44 (10), pp. 2310-2326. https://doi.org/10.1068/a44675

Urban governance and economic development in the diverse city

Syrett, S. and Sepulveda Ramirez, L. 2012. Urban governance and economic development in the diverse city. European Urban and Regional Studies. 19 (3), pp. 238-253.

Regeneration: how should the problem be addressed? A discussion paper commissioned from the Regeneration and Economic Development Analysis Expert Panel for the Regeneration Futures Roundtable.

Syrett, S. 2011. Regeneration: how should the problem be addressed? A discussion paper commissioned from the Regeneration and Economic Development Analysis Expert Panel for the Regeneration Futures Roundtable. London Department for Communities and Local Government.

New ethnic minority business communities in Britain: challenges of diversity and informality for the UK business and policy frameworks.

Sepulveda Ramirez, L., Syrett, S. and Lyon, F. 2008. New ethnic minority business communities in Britain: challenges of diversity and informality for the UK business and policy frameworks. London Middlesex University.

Realising the diversity dividend: population diversity and urban economic development.

Syrett, S. and Sepulveda Ramirez, L. 2011. Realising the diversity dividend: population diversity and urban economic development. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space. 43 (2), pp. 487-504. https://doi.org/10.1068/a43185

Population superdiversity and new migrant enterprise: The case of London

Sepulveda Ramirez, L., Syrett, S. and Lyon, F. 2011. Population superdiversity and new migrant enterprise: The case of London. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. 23 (7-8), pp. 469-497. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620903420211

Social enterprise and ethnic minorities

Sepulveda Ramirez, L., Syrett, S. and Calvo, S. 2010. Social enterprise and ethnic minorities. Birmingham Third Sector Research Centre, University of Birmingham.

Mapping the regional social enterprise sector: past approaches, challenges and future direction

Lyon, F., Sepulveda Ramirez, L. and CEEDR (Centre for Enterprise and Economic Development Research) 2009. Mapping the regional social enterprise sector: past approaches, challenges and future direction. Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/17508610910956426

Review of economic assessment and strategy activity at the local and sub-regional level.

Syrett, S. 2008. Review of economic assessment and strategy activity at the local and sub-regional level. London Department of Communities and Local Government.

Informal economic activities and deprived neighbourhoods.

Evans, M., Syrett, S., Williams, C. and CEEDR (Centre for Enterprise and Economic Development Research) 2006. Informal economic activities and deprived neighbourhoods. London Department of Communities and Local Government.

Types and impacts of BME businesses

Lyon, F., Owen, R., McPherson, M., Ekanem, I., Ellis, C., Bertotti, M., Sepulveda Ramirez, L., Oyelere, M. and CEEDR (Centre for Enterprise and Economic Development Research) 2007. Types and impacts of BME businesses. South East England Development Agency.

Economies of deprived neighbourhoods: summary of research

North, D., Syrett, S., Evans, M., Sanderson, I., Williams, C. and CEEDR (Centre for Enterprise and Economic Development Research) 2006. Economies of deprived neighbourhoods: summary of research. London Department of Communities and Local Government. https://doi.org/06NRU03863

The dynamics of local economies and deprived neighbourhoods

North, D., Syrett, S. and CEEDR (Centre for Enterprise and Economic Development Research) 2006. The dynamics of local economies and deprived neighbourhoods. London Department of Communities and Local Government. https://doi.org/06NRU03866

Interventions to tackle the economic needs of deprived areas: analysis of six policy case studies.

North, D., Syrett, S., Etherington, D., Vickers, I. and CEEDR (Centre for Enterprise and Economic Development Research) 2007. Interventions to tackle the economic needs of deprived areas: analysis of six policy case studies. York Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

Devolved governance and the economic problems of deprived areas: the cases of Scotland, Wales and four English Regions

North, D., Syrett, S., Etherington, D. and CEEDR (Centre for Enterprise and Economic Development Research) 2007. Devolved governance and the economic problems of deprived areas: the cases of Scotland, Wales and four English Regions. York Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

Formalising new arrival enterprises: challenges of new ethnic entrepreneurship for business support policy.

Sepulveda Ramirez, L., Lyon, F., Botero, A., Syrett, S. and CEEDR (Centre for Enterprise and Economic Development Research) 2007. Formalising new arrival enterprises: challenges of new ethnic entrepreneurship for business support policy. Prevista Ltd.

Between economic competitiveness and social inclusion: New Labour and the economic revival of deprived neighbourhoods.

Syrett, S. and North, D. 2010. Between economic competitiveness and social inclusion: New Labour and the economic revival of deprived neighbourhoods. Local Economy. 25 (5/6), pp. 476-493.

Outsider missing link or panacea? Some Reflections about the place of social enterprise (with)in and in relation to the Third Sector.

Sepulveda Ramirez, L. 2009. Outsider missing link or panacea? Some Reflections about the place of social enterprise (with)in and in relation to the Third Sector. Birmingham Third Sector Research Centre, University of Birmingham.

Local area agreements and local economic development

Syrett, S., North, D., Owen, R., Etherington, D., Engelbert, S. and CEEDR 2009. Local area agreements and local economic development. London Department for Communities and Local Government.

Metropolitan governance and regionalism: the case of Lisbon.

Syrett, S. and Silva, C. 2005. Metropolitan governance and regionalism: the case of Lisbon. in: Sagan, I. and Halkier, H. (ed.) Regionalism contested: institutions, society and territorial governance. Aldershot Ashgate. pp. 247-264

Portugal: the economy.

Syrett, S. 2009. Portugal: the economy. in: Western Europe, 2010 London Routledge.

Agências de Desenvolvimento Regional em Portugal: que futuro?

Silva, C. and Syrett, S. 2000. Agências de Desenvolvimento Regional em Portugal: que futuro? Cadernos Municipais - Revista de Acção Regional e Local. 14 (72), pp. 36-47.

Tackling concentrated worklessness: integrating governance and policy across and within spatial scales

North, D., Syrett, S. and Etherington, D. 2009. Tackling concentrated worklessness: integrating governance and policy across and within spatial scales. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space. 27 (6), pp. 1022-1039. https://doi.org/10.1068/c0855

Decentralizing industrial policies: threat or opportunity in developing countries?

Sepulveda Ramirez, L. and Amin, A. 2006. Decentralizing industrial policies: threat or opportunity in developing countries? in: Bianchi, P. and Labory, S. (ed.) International Handbook on Industrial Policy Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 321-342

Devolution and regional governance: tackling the economic needs of deprived areas

North, D., Etherington, D. and Syrett, S. 2007. Devolution and regional governance: tackling the economic needs of deprived areas. Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

Spatializing industrial policies: a view from the south

Sepulveda Ramirez, L. 2008. Spatializing industrial policies: a view from the south. Regional Studies. 42 (10), pp. 1385-1397. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400701543223

Spatialising industrial policies: a view from the south

Sepulveda Ramirez, L. 2008. Spatialising industrial policies: a view from the south. Regional Studies. 42 (10), pp. 1385-1397. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400701543223

Renewing neighbourhoods: work, enterprise and governance

Syrett, S. and North, D. 2008. Renewing neighbourhoods: work, enterprise and governance. Bristol Policy Press.

Making the links: economic deprivation, neighbourhood renewal and scales of governance

North, D. and Syrett, S. 2008. Making the links: economic deprivation, neighbourhood renewal and scales of governance. Regional Studies. 42 (1), pp. 133-148. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400601147273

Migration, new arrivals and local economies

Syrett, S. and Lyons, M. 2007. Migration, new arrivals and local economies. Local Economy. 22 (4), pp. 325-334. https://doi.org/10.1080/02690940701736710

Enterprising refugees: contributions and challenges in deprived areas

Lyon, F., Sepulveda Ramirez, L. and Syrett, S. 2007. Enterprising refugees: contributions and challenges in deprived areas. Local Economy. 22 (4), pp. 363-375. https://doi.org/10.1080/02690940701736769

Out of the shadows? Formalisation approaches to informal economic activity

Sepulveda Ramirez, L. and Syrett, S. 2007. Out of the shadows? Formalisation approaches to informal economic activity. Policy and Politics. 35 (1), pp. 87-104. https://doi.org/10.1332/030557307779657739

Generating social capital? The social economy and local economic development

Syrett, S. and Evans, M. 2007. Generating social capital? The social economy and local economic development. European Urban and Regional Studies. 14 (1), pp. 53-72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776407072664

Governing Lisbon: evolving forms of city governance

Syrett, S. and Silva, C. 2006. Governing Lisbon: evolving forms of city governance. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. 30 (1), pp. 98-119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2006.00646.x

Governing the global city: economic challenges and London's new institutional arrangements

Syrett, S. 2006. Governing the global city: economic challenges and London's new institutional arrangements. Local Government Studies. 32 (3), pp. 293-309. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930600693203

Reshaping London's economic governance: the role of the London Development Agency

Syrett, S. and Owen, R. 2003. Reshaping London's economic governance: the role of the London Development Agency. European Urban and Regional Studies. 10 (1), pp. 69-86. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776403010001323

Portugal transformed

Syrett, S. 2002. Portugal transformed. in: Syrett, S. (ed.) Contemporary Portugal: dimensions of economic and political change Aldershot, UK Ashgate. pp. 1-23

Economic change and regional development in Portugal

Syrett, S. 2002. Economic change and regional development in Portugal. in: Syrett, S. and Owen, R. (ed.) Contemporary Portugal: dimensions of economic and political change Aldershot, UK Ashgate. pp. 47-82

Contemporary Portugal: dimensions of economic and political change

Syrett, S. 2002. Contemporary Portugal: dimensions of economic and political change. Aldershot, UK Ashgate.

Governing London: challenges for the new economic governance

Syrett, S., Owen, R., Middlesex University. Regional Regeneration Research Programme. and CEEDR 2001. Governing London: challenges for the new economic governance. in: Syrett, S. and Owen, R. (ed.) Governing London: competitiveness and regeneration in a global city London Middlesex University Press. pp. 48-160

Regional development agencies in Portugal: Past developments and future challenges

Syrett, S. and Silva, C. 2001. Regional development agencies in Portugal: Past developments and future challenges. Regional Studies. 35 (2), pp. 174-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400120033160

Changing times, changing styles: new forms of economic governance in London

Syrett, S., Owen, R., Middlesex University. Regional Regeneration Research Programme. and CEEDR 2001. Changing times, changing styles: new forms of economic governance in London. in: Syrett, S. and Owen, R. (ed.) Governing London: competitiveness and regeneration in a global city London Middlesex University Press. pp. 1-22

Governing London: competitiveness and regeneration in a global city

Syrett, S., Owen, R., Middlesex University. Regional Regeneration Research Programme. and CEEDR 2001. Governing London: competitiveness and regeneration in a global city. London. Middlesex University Press.

The single European market and SMEs: a comparison of its effects in the food and clothing sectors in the UK and Portugal

Smallbone, D, Cumbers, A, Syrett, S and Leigh, R 1999. The single European market and SMEs: a comparison of its effects in the food and clothing sectors in the UK and Portugal. Regional Studies. 33 (1), pp. 51-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343409950118913