Suicide prevention measures at high-risk locations: a goal-directed motivation perspective

Article

Joyner, L., Mackenzie, J.M., Willis, A., Phillips, P., Cliffe, B., Marsh, I., Pettersen, E., Hawton, K. and Marzano, L. 2025. Suicide prevention measures at high-risk locations: a goal-directed motivation perspective. Behavioral Sciences. 15 (8). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15081009
TypeArticle
TitleSuicide prevention measures at high-risk locations: a goal-directed motivation perspective
AuthorsJoyner, L., Mackenzie, J.M., Willis, A., Phillips, P., Cliffe, B., Marsh, I., Pettersen, E., Hawton, K. and Marzano, L.
Abstract

Understanding the effectiveness of suicide prevention measures for high-risk locations can often be challenging as many rely, at least to some degree, on psychological processes (e.g., engaging with help-seeking behaviours). Establishing how these measures may influence decision-making during a suicide attempt could be helpful for understanding how and when they may be most effective at preventing deaths. In the present work, we consider how suicide prevention measures may influence “goal pur-suit” as it unfolds. Drawing on findings from across the suicide prevention literature, we apply the descriptive framework outlined in GOAL Architecture to consider how different measures may shape perceptions of “distance”, “time”, and “rate of progress” and, in turn, could influence levels of motivational drive associated with specific acts (e.g., “ac-cessing means for suicide”). This is discussed in relation to real-time decisions around accessing means for suicide, avoiding intervention by a third-party, and engaging in help-seeking behaviours. As well as the psychological processes which could encourage or prevent an individual from disengaging from a suicide attempt, we also consider potential risks and influence of person-level factors.

Keywordssuicide attempt; suicide prevention; goal pursuit; motivation; means restriction; built environment; surveillance; help-seeking
Sustainable Development Goals3 Good health and well-being
Middlesex University ThemeHealth & Wellbeing
Research GroupCentre for Abuse, Trauma and Suicide Studies (CATS)
PublisherMDPI
JournalBehavioral Sciences
ISSN
Electronic2076-328X
Publication dates
Online25 Jul 2025
PrintAug 2025
Publication process dates
Submitted30 May 2025
Accepted18 Jul 2025
Deposited28 Jul 2025
Output statusPublished
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Copyright Statement

© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15081009
PubMed ID40867366
PubMed Central IDPMC12382622
Web of Science identifierWOS:001557878500001
LanguageEnglish
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The impact of prison staff responses on self-harming behaviours: prisoners’ perspectives
Marzano, L., Ciclitira, K. and Adler, J. 2012. The impact of prison staff responses on self-harming behaviours: prisoners’ perspectives. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 51 (1), pp. 4-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.2010.02007.x
Psychosocial influences on prisoner suicide: a case-control study of near-lethal self-harm in women prisoners
Marzano, L., Hawton, K., Rivlin, A. and Fazel, S. 2011. Psychosocial influences on prisoner suicide: a case-control study of near-lethal self-harm in women prisoners. Social Science & Medicine. 72 (6), pp. 874-883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.12.028
Near-lethal self-harm in women prisoners: contributing factors and psychological processes
Marzano, L., Fazel, S., Rivlin, A. and Hawton, K. 2011. Near-lethal self-harm in women prisoners: contributing factors and psychological processes. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology. 22 (6), pp. 863-884. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2011.617465
Self-harm in a men's prison: staff's and prisoners' perspectives.
Marzano, L. 2007. Self-harm in a men's prison: staff's and prisoners' perspectives. PhD thesis Middlesex University
Visuo-spatial ability and dyslexia: is there a male global advantage?
Brunswick, N., Martin, G. and Marzano, L. 2008. Visuo-spatial ability and dyslexia: is there a male global advantage? British Dyslexia Association International Conference, 2008 [Dyslexia: making links]. Harrogate, York 27 - 29 Mar 2008
Visuo-spatial ability, handedness and developmental dyslexia: just how sinister was Andy Warhol?
Brunswick, N., Martin, G. and Marzano, L. 2007. Visuo-spatial ability, handedness and developmental dyslexia: just how sinister was Andy Warhol? 25th European Workshop on Cognitive Neuropsychology. Bressanone, Italy 21 - 26 Jan 2007
To be or not to be … a psychologist: critical and feminist dilemmas.
Ciclitira, K., Capdevila, R., Marzano, L. and Adams, E. 2008. To be or not to be … a psychologist: critical and feminist dilemmas. 2008 BPS Annual Conference.. Dublin 04 Feb 2008
Counsellors’ experiences of working as volunteers at a women’s service.
Costa, A., Ciclitira, K. and Marzano, L. 2008. Counsellors’ experiences of working as volunteers at a women’s service. 2008 Psychology of Women Section 21st Anniversary Conference on 'Rights and Changes'.. Cumberland Lodge, The Great Park, Windsor.
The impact of personal psychotherapy and supervision on volunteer counsellors.
Ciclitira, K., Marzano, L., Starr, F., Brunswick, N., Costa, A. and Berger, S. 2009. The impact of personal psychotherapy and supervision on volunteer counsellors. 2009 BPS Annual Conference. Brighton, UK 01 - 03 Apr 2009
Afghan nationals in the UK: professional capacity and views on return
Sales, R., Blitz, B. and Marzano, L. 2002. Afghan nationals in the UK: professional capacity and views on return. Research commissioned by Refugee Action and the International Organization for Migration, London..
Self-harm in prisons: dominant models and (mis)understandings
Marzano, L. 2010. Self-harm in prisons: dominant models and (mis)understandings. in: Adler, J. and Gray, J. (ed.) Forensic psychology: concepts, debates and practice Willan. pp. 486-507
Psychiatric disorders in male prisoners who made near-lethal suicide attempts: case-control study
Rivlin, A., Hawton, K., Marzano, L. and Fazel, S. 2010. Psychiatric disorders in male prisoners who made near-lethal suicide attempts: case-control study. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 197 (4), pp. 313-319. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.077883
Psychiatric disorders in women prisoners who have engaged in near-lethal self-harm: case–control study
Marzano, L., Fazel, S., Rivlin, A. and Hawton, K. 2010. Psychiatric disorders in women prisoners who have engaged in near-lethal self-harm: case–control study. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 197 (3), pp. 219-226. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.075424
Visuospatial superiority in developmental dyslexia: myth or reality?
Brunswick, N., Martin, G. and Marzano, L. 2010. Visuospatial superiority in developmental dyslexia: myth or reality? Learning and Individual Differences. 20 (5), pp. 421-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2010.04.007
Theoretical and ethical issues in conducting research at a women’s centre.
Ciclitira, K. and Marzano, L. 2004. Theoretical and ethical issues in conducting research at a women’s centre. Proceedings of the British Psychological Society. 12 (2).
Being a man: justice and care.
Capdevila, R., Ciclitira, K., Lazard, L. and Marzano, L. 2006. Being a man: justice and care. Psychology of Women Section Annual Conference 2005.. University of Huddersfield. The British Psychological Society.
Interviewing survivors of near-lethal self-harm: a novel approach for investigating suicide amongst prisoners
Marzano, L., Rivlin, A., Fazel, S. and Hawton, K. 2009. Interviewing survivors of near-lethal self-harm: a novel approach for investigating suicide amongst prisoners. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 16 (3), pp. 152-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2008.08.011
Justice and care: theorising the 'new man' and the 'caring father.'
Marzano, L., Capdevila, R., Ciclitira, K. and Lazard, L. 2009. Justice and care: theorising the 'new man' and the 'caring father.'. Psychology of Women Secton Review. 11 (2), pp. 11-20.
Being young feminists: discussions and (dis)contents
Adams, E., Del Busso, L., Foster, N., Majumdar, A., Marzano, L. and Papadima, M. 2007. Being young feminists: discussions and (dis)contents. Feminism and Psychology. 17 (3), pp. 291-294. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353507079081
I. Is my work 'feminist' enough? Tensions and dilemmas in researching male prisoners who self-harm
Marzano, L. 2007. I. Is my work 'feminist' enough? Tensions and dilemmas in researching male prisoners who self-harm. Feminism and Psychology. 17 (3), pp. 295-301. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353507079082
Supporting staff working with prisoners who self-harm: a survey of support services for staff dealing with self-harm in prisons in England and Wales
Marzano, L. and Adler, J. 2007. Supporting staff working with prisoners who self-harm: a survey of support services for staff dealing with self-harm in prisons in England and Wales. International Journal of Prisoner Health. 3 (4), pp. 268-282. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449200701682501
Non voluntary return? The politics of refugee return to Afghanistan
Sales, R., Blitz, B. and Marzano, L. 2005. Non voluntary return? The politics of refugee return to Afghanistan. Political Studies. 53 (1), pp. 182-200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2005.00523.x
Theoretical and ethical issues in conducting research at a women’s health centre.
Ciclitira, K., Marzano, L., Brunswick, N., Starr, F. and Berger, S. 2004. Theoretical and ethical issues in conducting research at a women’s health centre. Psychology of Women Section Review. 6 (1), pp. 60-69.