Age effects on explicit and implicit memory

Article


Ward, E., Berry, C. and Shanks, D. 2013. Age effects on explicit and implicit memory. Frontiers in Psychology. 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00639
TypeArticle
TitleAge effects on explicit and implicit memory
AuthorsWard, E., Berry, C. and Shanks, D.
Abstract

It is well-documented that explicit memory (e.g., recognition) declines with age. In contrast, many argue that implicit memory (e.g., priming) is preserved in healthy aging. For example, priming on tasks such as perceptual identification is often not statistically different in groups of young and older adults. Such observations are commonly taken as evidence for distinct explicit and implicit learning/memory systems. In this article we discuss several lines of evidence that challenge this view. We describe how patterns of differential age-related decline may arise from differences in the ways in which the two forms of memory are commonly measured, and review recent research suggesting that under improved measurement methods, implicit memory is not age-invariant. Formal computational models are of considerable utility in revealing the nature of underlying systems. We report the results of applying single and multiple-systems models to data on age effects in implicit and explicit memory. Model comparison clearly favors the single-system view. Implications for the memory systems debate are discussed.

KeywordsAging; implicit memory; priming; recognition; models of memory
PublisherFrontiers Media
JournalFrontiers in Psychology
ISSN1664-1078
Publication dates
PrintSep 2013
Publication process dates
Deposited13 Jan 2014
Output statusPublished
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00639
Web of Science identifierWOS:000331232800001
LanguageEnglish
File
Permalink -

https://repository.mdx.ac.uk/item/849v2

Download files

  • 73
    total views
  • 14
    total downloads
  • 3
    views this month
  • 0
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

Age differences in priming as a function of processing at encoding
Ward, E. 2024. Age differences in priming as a function of processing at encoding. Consciousness and Cognition. 117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2023.103626
Null effects of temporal prediction on recognition memory but evidence for differential neural activity at encoding. A registered report
Jones, A., Silas, J., Anderson, W. and Ward, E. 2023. Null effects of temporal prediction on recognition memory but evidence for differential neural activity at encoding. A registered report. Cortex. 169, pp. 130-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2023.09.006
Development and validation of the Music Cognitive Test: A music-based cognitive screening test
Mangiacotti, A., Cipriani, G., Ward, E., Franco, F. and Biasutti, M. 2023. Development and validation of the Music Cognitive Test: A music-based cognitive screening test. Psychology of Music. 51 (2), pp. 373-394. https://doi.org/10.1177/03057356221100851
A user-guided personalization methodology to facilitate new smart home occupancy
Ali, S.M.M., Augusto, J., Windridge, D. and Ward, E. 2023. A user-guided personalization methodology to facilitate new smart home occupancy. Universal Access in the Information Society. 22 (3), pp. 869-891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-022-00883-x
Age and processing effects on perceptual and conceptual priming
Ward, E. 2023. Age and processing effects on perceptual and conceptual priming. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 76 (1), pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218221090128
Temporal expectation improves recognition memory for spatially attended objects
Jones, A., Ward, E., Csiszer, E. and Szymczak, J. 2022. Temporal expectation improves recognition memory for spatially attended objects. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 34 (9), pp. 1616-1629. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01872
Paranoid and misidentification subtypes of psychosis in dementia
Pearce, D., Gould, R., Roughley, M., Reynolds, G., Ward, E., Bhome, R. and Reeves, S. 2022. Paranoid and misidentification subtypes of psychosis in dementia. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 134, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104529
Memory improvement in aging as a function of exposure to mood-matching music
Ward, E., Isac, A., Donnelly, M., Van Puyvelde, M. and Franco, F. 2021. Memory improvement in aging as a function of exposure to mood-matching music. Acta Psychologica. 212, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103206
Aging predicts decline in explicit and implicit memory: a life-span study
Ward, E., Berry, C., Shanks, D., Moller, P. and Czsiser, E. 2020. Aging predicts decline in explicit and implicit memory: a life-span study. Psychological Science. 31 (9), pp. 1071-1083. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620927648
Rhythmic temporal structure at encoding enhances recognition memory
Jones, A. and Ward, E. 2019. Rhythmic temporal structure at encoding enhances recognition memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 31 (10), pp. 1549-1562. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01431
Multicomponent frailty assessment tools for older people with psychiatric disorders: a systematic review
Sutton, J., Gould, R., Coulson, M., Ward, E., Butler, A., Smith, M., Lavelle, G., Rosa, A., Langridge, M. and Howard, R. 2019. Multicomponent frailty assessment tools for older people with psychiatric disorders: a systematic review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 67 (5), pp. 1085-1095. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15710
Implicit memory and cognitive aging
Ward, E. and Shanks, D. 2018. Implicit memory and cognitive aging. in: Braddick, O. (ed.) Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology Oxford University Press (OUP).
Reduced recognition and priming in older relative to young adults for incidental and intentional information
Ward, E. 2018. Reduced recognition and priming in older relative to young adults for incidental and intentional information. Consciousness and Cognition. 57, pp. 62-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2017.11.006
Predictors of treatment outcome in depression in later life: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Tunvirachaisakul, C., Gould, R., Coulson, M., Ward, E., Reynolds, G., Gathercole, R., Grocott, H., Supasitthumrong, T., Tunvirachaisakul, A., Kimona, K. and Howard, R. 2018. Predictors of treatment outcome in depression in later life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders. 227, pp. 164-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.008
Does study duration have opposite effects on recognition and repetition priming?
Berry, C., Ward, E. and Shanks, D. 2017. Does study duration have opposite effects on recognition and repetition priming? Journal of Memory and Language. 97, pp. 154-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2017.07.004
A benefit of context reinstatement to recognition memory in aging: the role of familiarity processes
Ward, E., Maylor, E., Poirier, M., Korko, M. and Ruud, J. 2017. A benefit of context reinstatement to recognition memory in aging: the role of familiarity processes. Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition. 24 (6), pp. 735-754. https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2016.1256371
Editorial: The aging decision-maker: advances in understanding the impact of cognitive change on decision-making
Ward, E. and Dhami, M. 2016. Editorial: The aging decision-maker: advances in understanding the impact of cognitive change on decision-making. Frontiers in Psychology. 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01622
Psychometric properties of multicomponent tools designed to assess frailty in older adults: A systematic review
Sutton, J., Gould, R., Daley, S., Coulson, M., Ward, E., Butler, A., Nunn, S. and Howard, R. 2016. Psychometric properties of multicomponent tools designed to assess frailty in older adults: A systematic review. BMC Geriatrics. 16 (1), pp. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-016-0225-2
Tests of pattern separation and pattern completion in humans - a systematic review
Liu, K., Gould, R., Coulson, M., Ward, E. and Howard, R. 2016. Tests of pattern separation and pattern completion in humans - a systematic review. Hippocampus. 26 (6), pp. 705-717. https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.22561
Greater priming for previously distracting information in young than older adults when suppression is ruled out
Ward, E., De Mornay Davies, P. and Politimou, N. 2015. Greater priming for previously distracting information in young than older adults when suppression is ruled out. Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition. 22 (6), pp. 712-730. https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2015.1035224
An effect of age on implicit memory that is not due to explicit contamination: implications for single and multiple-systems theories
Ward, E., Berry, C. and Shanks, D. 2013. An effect of age on implicit memory that is not due to explicit contamination: implications for single and multiple-systems theories. Psychology and Aging. 28 (2), pp. 429-442. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031888