The siren call of probability: dangers associated with using probability for consideration of the future

Article


Derbyshire, J. 2017. The siren call of probability: dangers associated with using probability for consideration of the future. Futures. 88, pp. 43-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2017.03.011
TypeArticle
TitleThe siren call of probability: dangers associated with using probability for consideration of the future
AuthorsDerbyshire, J.
Abstract

Many tools for thinking about the future employ probability. For example, Delphi studies often ask expert participants to assign probabilities to particular future outcomes. Similarly, while some scenario planners reject probability, others insist that assigning probabilities to scenarios is required to make them meaningful. Formal modelling and forecasting methods often also employ probability in one way or another. The paper questions this widespread use of probability as a device for considering the future, firstly showing that objective probability, based on empirically-observed frequencies, has some well-known drawbacks when used for this purpose. However, what is less-widely acknowledged is that this is also true of the subjective probability used in, for example, Delphi. Subjective probability is less distinct from objective probability than proponents of its use might imply, meaning it therefore suffers from similar problems. The paper draws on the foundations of probability theory as set out by Kolmogorov, as-well-as the work of Keynes, Shackle, Aumann, Tversky and Kahneman, and others, to reassert the essential distinction between risk and uncertainty, and to warn about the dangers of inappropriate use of probability for considering the future. The paper sets out some criteria for appropriate use.

Keywordsuncertainty; probability; Delphi; scenario planning; Keynes; Shackle
Research GroupCentre for Enterprise, Environment and Development Research (CEEDR)
PublisherElsevier
JournalFutures
ISSN0016-3287
Publication dates
Online04 Apr 2017
Print01 Apr 2017
Publication process dates
Deposited03 Apr 2017
Accepted27 Mar 2017
Output statusPublished
Accepted author manuscript
License
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2017.03.011
LanguageEnglish
Permalink -

https://repository.mdx.ac.uk/item/86xw8

Download files


Accepted author manuscript
  • 44
    total views
  • 27
    total downloads
  • 1
    views this month
  • 0
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

The value of experiments in futures and foresight science: A reply
Derbyshire, J., Dhami, M., Belton, I. and Onkal, D. 2023. The value of experiments in futures and foresight science: A reply. Futures & Foresight Science. 5 (2). https://doi.org/10.1002/ffo2.156
Borrowing from Keynes’ A Treatise on Probability: a non-probabilistic measure of uncertainty for scenario planning
Derbyshire, J., Feduzi, A. and Runde, J. 2023. Borrowing from Keynes’ A Treatise on Probability: a non-probabilistic measure of uncertainty for scenario planning. European Management Review. 20 (4), pp. 638-650. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12549
The value of experiments in futures and foresight science as illustrated by the case of scenario planning
Derbyshire, J., Dhami, M., Belton, I. and Onkal, D. 2022. The value of experiments in futures and foresight science as illustrated by the case of scenario planning. Futures & Foresight Science. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffo2.146
Is seeking certainty in climate sensitivity measures counterproductive in the context of climate emergency? The case for scenario planning
Derbyshire, J. and Morgan, J. 2022. Is seeking certainty in climate sensitivity measures counterproductive in the context of climate emergency? The case for scenario planning. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 182, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121811
Dominant narratives, uncertainty denial, negative capability and conviction: a commentary on Fenton-O’Creevy and Tuckett 2021
Derbyshire, J. 2022. Dominant narratives, uncertainty denial, negative capability and conviction: a commentary on Fenton-O’Creevy and Tuckett 2021. Futures & Foresight Science. 4 (3-4). https://doi.org/10.1002/ffo2.117
Increasing preparedness for extreme events using plausibility-based scenario planning: lessons from COVID-19
Derbyshire, J. 2022. Increasing preparedness for extreme events using plausibility-based scenario planning: lessons from COVID-19. Risk Analysis. 42 (1), pp. 97-104. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13827
Cross-fertilising scenario planning and business history by process-tracing historical developments: aiding counterfactual reasoning and uncovering history to come
Derbyshire, J. 2020. Cross-fertilising scenario planning and business history by process-tracing historical developments: aiding counterfactual reasoning and uncovering history to come. Business History. https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2020.1844667
Review of Mario Morroni, 'What is the truth about the Great Recession and increasing inequality? Dialogues on disputed issues and conflicting theories', Cham: Springer, 2018 [Book review]
Derbyshire, J. 2019. Review of Mario Morroni, 'What is the truth about the Great Recession and increasing inequality? Dialogues on disputed issues and conflicting theories', Cham: Springer, 2018 [Book review]. Annals of the Fondazione Luigi Einaudi. LIII (2), pp. 289-292. https://doi.org/10.26331/1095
History and scenario planning: a commentary on Schoemaker 2020
Derbyshire, J. 2020. History and scenario planning: a commentary on Schoemaker 2020. Futures & Foresight Science. 2 (3-4). https://doi.org/10.1002/ffo2.47
Answers to questions on uncertainty in geography: old lessons and new scenario tools
Derbyshire, J. 2020. Answers to questions on uncertainty in geography: old lessons and new scenario tools. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space. 52 (4), pp. 710-727. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X19877885
Use of scenario planning as a theory-driven evaluation tool
Derbyshire, J. 2019. Use of scenario planning as a theory-driven evaluation tool. Futures & Foresight Science. 1 (1). https://doi.org/10.1002/ffo2.1
Enhancing Horizon Scanning by utilizing pre-developed scenarios: analysis of current practice and specification of a process improvement to aid the identification of important 'weak signals'
Rowe, E., Wright, G. and Derbyshire, J. 2017. Enhancing Horizon Scanning by utilizing pre-developed scenarios: analysis of current practice and specification of a process improvement to aid the identification of important 'weak signals'. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 125, pp. 224-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.08.001
Understanding the failure to understand New Product Development failures: mitigating the uncertainty associated with innovating new products by combining scenario planning and forecasting
Derbyshire, J. and Giovannetti, E. 2017. Understanding the failure to understand New Product Development failures: mitigating the uncertainty associated with innovating new products by combining scenario planning and forecasting. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 125, pp. 334-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.02.007
Exploring the value of defence jobs in the UK
Vaze, P., Thol, C., Fraser, A., Derbyshire, J. and Savic, M. 2017. Exploring the value of defence jobs in the UK. Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy.
Augmenting the Intuitive Logics scenario planning method for a more comprehensive analysis of causation
Derbyshire, J. and Wright, G. 2017. Augmenting the Intuitive Logics scenario planning method for a more comprehensive analysis of causation. International Journal of Forecasting. 33 (1), pp. 254-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2016.01.004
Potential surprise theory as a theoretical foundation for scenario planning
Derbyshire, J. 2017. Potential surprise theory as a theoretical foundation for scenario planning. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 124, pp. 77-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.05.008
The critical role of history in scenario thinking: augmenting causal analysis within the intuitive logics scenario development methodology
Bradfield, R., Derbyshire, J. and Wright, G. 2016. The critical role of history in scenario thinking: augmenting causal analysis within the intuitive logics scenario development methodology. Futures. 77, pp. 56-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2016.02.002
The implications, challenges and benefits of a complexity-orientated Futures Studies
Derbyshire, J. 2016. The implications, challenges and benefits of a complexity-orientated Futures Studies. Futures. 77, pp. 45-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2016.02.001
Firm growth and the illusion of randomness
Derbyshire, J. and Garnsey, E. 2014. Firm growth and the illusion of randomness. Journal of Business Venturing Insights. 1-2, pp. 8-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2014.09.003
Preparing for the future: development of an ‘antifragile’ methodology that complements scenario planning by omitting causation
Derbyshire, J. and Wright, G. 2014. Preparing for the future: development of an ‘antifragile’ methodology that complements scenario planning by omitting causation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 82, pp. 215-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.07.001
The impact of ambidexterity on enterprise performance: evidence from 15 countries and 14 sectors
Derbyshire, J. 2014. The impact of ambidexterity on enterprise performance: evidence from 15 countries and 14 sectors. Technovation. 34 (10), pp. 574-581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2014.05.010
Small business survey: linking 2006 and 2007 waves to the IDBR
Meldgaard, J., Vaze, P., Derbyshire, J. and Davies, B. 2015. Small business survey: linking 2006 and 2007 waves to the IDBR. The Department for Business Innovation & Skills.
Are firm growth paths random? A further response regarding Gambler's Ruin Theory
Derbyshire, J. and Garnsey, E. 2015. Are firm growth paths random? A further response regarding Gambler's Ruin Theory. Journal of Business Venturing Insights. 3, pp. 9-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2014.12.001