Howard, E.

Hate speech

Book chapter

Howard, E. 2022. Hate speech. in: Binder, C., Nowak, M., Hofbauer, J. and Janig, P. (ed.) Elgar Encyclopedia of Human Rights Cheltenham, UK Edward Elgar.

ISBN
Chapter title	Hate speech
Authors	Howard, E.
Abstract	This entry in the Elgar Encyclopedia of Human Rights examines hate speech in international and regional human rights instruments. It analyses whether and when restrictions on hate speech can be seen as a violation of the huamn right to freedom of expression of the speaker or author. This includes relevant case law from human rights courts / adjudicating bodies.
Research Group	Law and Politics
Book title	Elgar Encyclopedia of Human Rights
Editors	Binder, C., Nowak, M., Hofbauer, J. and Janig, P.
Publisher	Edward Elgar
Place of publication	Cheltenham, UK
Hardcover	9781789903614
Electronic	9781789903621
Publication dates
Online	2022
Publication process dates
Deposited	06 Oct 2021
Accepted	06 Oct 2021
Output status	Published
Accepted author manuscript	File Access Level Restricted
Related Output
Is part of	https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/elgar-encyclopedia-of-human-rights-9781789903614.html
Language	English

Permalink -

https://repository.mdx.ac.uk/item/8984z

Log in to edit

60
total views
1
total downloads
3
views this month
0
downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

Intersectional discrimination and EU law: Time to revisit Parris

Howard, E. 2024. Intersectional discrimination and EU law: Time to revisit Parris. International Journal of Discrimination and the Law. https://doi.org/10.1177/13582291241285336

Religious discrimination at the CJEU and the social inclusion approach

Howard, E. 2024. Religious discrimination at the CJEU and the social inclusion approach. European Labour Law Journal . https://doi.org/10.1177/20319525241261030

OP v Commune d'Ans: another step in the wrong direction for headscarf wearing women

Howard, E. 2024. OP v Commune d'Ans: another step in the wrong direction for headscarf wearing women. Industrial Law Journal. 53 (2), p. 305–320. https://doi.org/10.1093/indlaw/dwae008

Op-Ed: The Court of Justice and headscarves at work: discretion in EU anti-discrimination law: a dangerous precedent (Case C-148/22 OP v Commune d’Ans)

Howard, E. 2023. Op-Ed: The Court of Justice and headscarves at work: discretion in EU anti-discrimination law: a dangerous precedent (Case C-148/22 OP v Commune d’Ans). EU Law Live Sociedad Limitada.

LF v SCRL and the CJEU’s failure to engage with the reality of Muslim women in the labour market

Howard, E. 2023. LF v SCRL and the CJEU’s failure to engage with the reality of Muslim women in the labour market. Industrial Law Journal. 52 (4), pp. 997-1014. https://doi.org/10.1093/indlaw/dwad024

Headscarves and the Court of Justice of the European Union: an analysis of the case law

Howard, E. 2023. Headscarves and the Court of Justice of the European Union: an analysis of the case law. London Routledge.

Op-Ed: Encouraging tolerance and respect and accepting a greater degree of diversity … but not for Muslim women (Case C344/20 LF v SCRL)

Howard, E. 2022. Op-Ed: Encouraging tolerance and respect and accepting a greater degree of diversity … but not for Muslim women (Case C344/20 LF v SCRL). EU Law Live Sociedad Limitada.

Equality as an EU value

Howard, E. 2022. Equality as an EU value. in: Garben, S. and Gormley, L. (ed.) Oxford Encyclopedia of EU Law Oxford Oxford University Press (OUP).

Bans on the wearing of Burqas, Niqabs and Hijabs, religious freedom and the secular nature of the state

Howard, E. 2022. Bans on the wearing of Burqas, Niqabs and Hijabs, religious freedom and the secular nature of the state. in: Bhuiyan, M. and Black, A. (ed.) Religious Freedom in Secular States: A 21st Century Perspective Leiden, The Netherlands Brill | Nijhoff.

Headscarves and the CJEU: protecting fundamental rights and pandering to prejudice: the CJEU does both

Howard, E. 2022. Headscarves and the CJEU: protecting fundamental rights and pandering to prejudice: the CJEU does both. Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law. 29 (2), pp. 245-262. https://doi.org/10.1177/1023263X221080557

Religious clothing

Howard, E. 2022. Religious clothing. in: Binder, C., Nowak, M., Hofbauer, J. and Janig, P. (ed.) Elgar Encyclopedia of Huamn Rights Cheltenham, UK Edward Elgar Publishing.

Headscarf-wearing employees and the CJEU: what employers can and cannot do

Howard, E. 2021. Headscarf-wearing employees and the CJEU: what employers can and cannot do. ERA Forum. 22 (4), pp. 687-698. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12027-021-00689-z

German headscarf cases at the ECJ: a glimmer of hope? [Blog post]

Howard, E. 2021. German headscarf cases at the ECJ: a glimmer of hope? [Blog post]. European Law Blog European Law Blog.

Freedom of religion or belief and the wearing of religious symbols

Howard, E. 2020. Freedom of religion or belief and the wearing of religious symbols. in: Portaru, A. (ed.) A precious asset? Analyzing religious freedom protections in Europe Vienna, Austria Kairos Publications. pp. 69-98

Human dignity principle in the United Kingdom

Howard, E. 2020. Human dignity principle in the United Kingdom. Global Human Dignity Project.

Headscarves and the CJEU: protecting fundamental rights or pandering to prejudice

Howard, E. 2021. Headscarves and the CJEU: protecting fundamental rights or pandering to prejudice. Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law. 28 (5), pp. 648-666. https://doi.org/10.1177/1023263X211028427

Introduction

Dominguez-Redondo, E. and Howard, E. 2020. Introduction. in: Howard, E., Dominguez-Redondo, E. and Baéz, N. (ed.) Affirmative Action and the Law: Efficacy of National and International Approaches London / New York Routledge. pp. 3-12

Achieving substantive equality: mainstreaming duties to complement affirmative action measures

Howard, E. 2020. Achieving substantive equality: mainstreaming duties to complement affirmative action measures. in: Howard, E., Dominguez-Redondo, E. and Beaz, N. (ed.) Affirmative Action and the Law: Efficacy of National and International Approaches London / New York Routledge. pp. 198-212

Effectiveness of affirmative action measures in the United Kingdom and South Africa

Howard, E. 2020. Effectiveness of affirmative action measures in the United Kingdom and South Africa. in: Howard, E., Dominguez-Redondo, E. and Baéz, N. (ed.) Affirmative Action and the Law: Efficacy of National and International Approaches London / New York Routledge. pp. 58-77

Headscarves return to the CJEU: unfinished business

Howard, E. 2020. Headscarves return to the CJEU: unfinished business. Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law. 27 (1), pp. 10-28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1023263X19889247

Law and the wearing of religious symbols in Europe

Howard, E. 2019. Law and the wearing of religious symbols in Europe. Abingdon/New York Routledge.

Political rhetoric, freedom of expression and hate speech against religious believers

Howard, E. 2020. Political rhetoric, freedom of expression and hate speech against religious believers. in: Vidmar, J. (ed.) European populism and human rights Leiden, The Netherlands Brill | Nijhoff. pp. 193-214

Ritual slaughter and religious freedom

Howard, E. 2019. Ritual slaughter and religious freedom. Common Market Law Review. 56 (3), pp. 803-824.

Andras Koltay The Troubled Relationship Between Religions and the State Freedom of Expression and Freedom of Religion [Book review]

Howard, E. 2018. Andras Koltay The Troubled Relationship Between Religions and the State Freedom of Expression and Freedom of Religion [Book review]. Human Rights Law Review. 18 (4), pp. 791-795. https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngy031

Moving hate speech to the civil courts

Howard, E. 2018. Moving hate speech to the civil courts. Anti-Discrimination Law Review. 1 (3), pp. 80-97.

EU anti-discrimination law: has the CJEU stopped moving forward?

Howard, E. 2018. EU anti-discrimination law: has the CJEU stopped moving forward? International Journal of Discrimination and the Law. 18 (2-3), pp. 60-81. https://doi.org/10.1177/1358229118788454

Protection des personnes LGBT+ en Europe : le cadre juridique national et de l’EU [LGBT+ Protection In Europe: the EU and National Legal Framework]

Howard, E. 2019. Protection des personnes LGBT+ en Europe : le cadre juridique national et de l’EU [LGBT+ Protection In Europe: the EU and National Legal Framework]. Droit et Cultures. 77 (1), pp. 21-37.

Affirmative action in the UK and South Africa

Howard, E. 2018. Affirmative action in the UK and South Africa. in: Baéz, N. and Dominguez-Redondo, E. (ed.) The Existence and Efficacy of Affirmative Action Measures in UK, South Africa, India, China, Latin America and Brazil Jaocaba, Brazil Editora Unoesc. pp. 185-215

Clashing rights? Freedom of religion or belief and equality for LGBT people

Howard, E. 2017. Clashing rights? Freedom of religion or belief and equality for LGBT people. Special Rapporteur on relgion and belief UN.

Religious clothing and symbols in employment. A legal analysis of the situation in the EU member states

Howard, E. and Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers (European Commission) 2017. Religious clothing and symbols in employment. A legal analysis of the situation in the EU member states. Luxembourg European Union. https://doi.org/10.2838/380042

Freedom of expression, blasphemy and religious hatred: a view from the United Kingdom

Howard, E. 2017. Freedom of expression, blasphemy and religious hatred: a view from the United Kingdom. in: Temperman, J. and Koltay, A. (ed.) Blasphemy and Freedom of Expression: Comparative, Theoretical and Historical Reflections after the Charlie Hebdo Massacre Cambridge Cambridge University Press. pp. 595-618

Islamic headscarves and the CJEU: Achbita and Bougnaoui

Howard, E. 2017. Islamic headscarves and the CJEU: Achbita and Bougnaoui. Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law. 24 (3), pp. 348-366. https://doi.org/10.1177/1023263X17722326

Freedom of expression and religious hate speech in Europe

Howard, E. 2017. Freedom of expression and religious hate speech in Europe. UK Routledge.

Gratuitously offensive speech and the political debate

Howard, E. 2016. Gratuitously offensive speech and the political debate. European Human Rights Law Review. 6, pp. 636-644.

Indirect discrimination, reasonable accommodation and religion

Howard, E. 2016. Indirect discrimination, reasonable accommodation and religion. in: Cuypers, D. and Vrielink, J. (ed.) Equal is not enough Cambridge/Antwerp/Portland Intersentia.

Freedom of speech versus freedom of religion? The case of Dutch politician Geert Wilders

Howard, E. 2017. Freedom of speech versus freedom of religion? The case of Dutch politician Geert Wilders. Human Rights Law Review. 17 (2), pp. 313-337. https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngx002

The right to freedom of religion or belief and its intersection with other rights

Donald, A., Howard, E. and ILGA-Europe 2015. The right to freedom of religion or belief and its intersection with other rights. Brussels, Belgium ILGA-Europe.

Implementation of the Employment Equality Directive - The principle of non-discrimination on the basis of religion or belief

Howard, E. and European Parliament: Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services 2016. Implementation of the Employment Equality Directive - The principle of non-discrimination on the basis of religion or belief. Brussels European Parliament. https://doi.org/10.2861/783216

Indirect discrimination 15 years on

Howard, E. 2015. Indirect discrimination 15 years on. E Journal of International and Comparative Labour Studies. 4 (3).

Religious rights versus sexual orientation discrimination: a fair deal for everyone

Howard, E. 2015. Religious rights versus sexual orientation discrimination: a fair deal for everyone. Religion and Human Rights: an international journal. 10 (2), pp. 128-159. https://doi.org/10.1163/18710328-12341284

The impact of gendered and racialised identities on the experience of discrimination

Kofman, E., Howard, E., Vacchelli, E. and Wray, H. 2010. The impact of gendered and racialised identities on the experience of discrimination.

Religion or belief in the workplace and service delivery: findings from a call for evidence

Mitchell, M., Beninger, K., Donald, A., Howard, E. and NatCen Social Research 2015. Religion or belief in the workplace and service delivery: findings from a call for evidence. Equality and Human Rights Commission.

The protection of religious minorities in Europe: strengths and weaknesses

Howard, E. 2015. The protection of religious minorities in Europe: strengths and weaknesses. in: Ippolito, F. and Iglesias Sanchez, S. (ed.) Protecting Vulnerable Groups: The Human Rights Framework Hart Publishing. pp. 181-200

S.A.S. v France: living together or increased social division?

Howard, E. 2014. S.A.S. v France: living together or increased social division? EJIL-talk!: Blog of the European Journal of International Law.

Banning niqabs in public spaces

Howard, E. 2013. Banning niqabs in public spaces. EJIL-talk!: Blog of the European Journal of International Law.

Protecting freedom to manifest one’s religion or belief: Strasbourg or Luxembourg?

Howard, E. 2014. Protecting freedom to manifest one’s religion or belief: Strasbourg or Luxembourg? Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights. 32 (2), pp. 159-182. https://doi.org/10.1177/016934411403200204

Islamic veil bans: the gender equality justification and empirical evidence

Howard, E. 2014. Islamic veil bans: the gender equality justification and empirical evidence. in: Brems, E. (ed.) The experiences of face veil wearers in Europe and the law Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press. pp. 206-217

Equality bodies and individual victims: an example of good practice from the Netherlands

Howard, E. 2012. Equality bodies and individual victims: an example of good practice from the Netherlands. E Journal of International and Comparative Labour Studies. 1 (1-2).

Reasonable accommodation of religion and other discrimination grounds in EU law

Howard, E. 2013. Reasonable accommodation of religion and other discrimination grounds in EU law. European Law Review.

Banning Islamic veils: is gender equality a valid argument?

Howard, E. 2012. Banning Islamic veils: is gender equality a valid argument? International Journal of Discrimination and the Law. 12 (3), pp. 147-165. https://doi.org/10.1177/1358229112464450

The European Court of Human Rights gets it right: a comment on Eweida and others v the United Kingdom

Howard, E. 2013. The European Court of Human Rights gets it right: a comment on Eweida and others v the United Kingdom. EJIL:Talk! - Blog of the European Journal of International Law.

Law and the wearing of religious symbols: European bans on the wearing of religious symbols in education

Howard, E. 2012. Law and the wearing of religious symbols: European bans on the wearing of religious symbols in education. London Routledge.

Case Comment. An opportunity missed? Comment on Romer

Howard, E. 2011. Case Comment. An opportunity missed? Comment on Romer. European Law Review. 36 (4), pp. 589-599.

Multiple discrimination in law.

Howard, E. 2011. Multiple discrimination in law. Think Equal - Symposium on Multiple Discrimination. National Commission for the Promotion of Equality (NCPE), Malta 01 Nov 2011

Bans on the wearing of religious symbols in British Schools: a violation of the right to non-discrimination?

Howard, E. 2011. Bans on the wearing of religious symbols in British Schools: a violation of the right to non-discrimination? Religion and Human Rights. 6 (2), pp. 127-149.

EU Equality Law: three recent developments

Howard, E. 2011. EU Equality Law: three recent developments. European Law Journal. 17 (6), pp. 785-803. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2011.00578.x

Gendered experiences of racial discrimination: comparative socio-legal research

Carles, I., Howard, E. and Kofman, E. 2011. Gendered experiences of racial discrimination: comparative socio-legal research. in: Schiek, D. and Lawson, A. (ed.) European Union Non-Discrimination Law and Intersectionality: investigating the triangle of racial, gender and disability discrimination Ashgate.