Reconsidering a sustainable future through artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) in the context of circular economy

To assure a sustainable future for current and future generations, the achievement of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which was set by the United Nations is imperative. Hence, a fundamental social and cultural shift toward resource efficiency and more sustainable lifestyles is required. In this context, the need for a circular economy is becoming more evident. New technologies can assist in meeting SDGs and achieving an effective circular economy. Particularly, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) are critical technologies for fulfilling these goals. The combination of AI with IoT leads to the Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) which has the potential to further facilitate the transition toward and amplify the benefits for a sustainable future. This chapter aims to examine how AI can support the achievement of SDGs and realization of a circular economy. Additionally, the 4R sustainability framework (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, and Rethink) is presented as a proposed extension of the 3R principles. To assess its suitability, a Sociocultural, Technical, Economic, Environmental, Political, Legal, Ethical, and Demographic (STEEPLED) analysis is conducted. The need to educate the younger generations and re-educate adults to achieve changes in attitudes and mindsets toward sustainability was highlighted as a vital process. The need to further improve adaptability and reusability of resources emerged as a requirement to effectively maximize the 4Rs. AI emerged as a determining factor in achieving SDGs and creating a circular economy.