Spatiotemporal disparity of breast cancer incidence in Iranian female populations at the district level from 2000 to 2021: Bayesian disease mapping

Article

Rahimzadeh, S., Bentham, J., Burczynska, B., Farzadfar, F. and Di Cesare, M. 2025. Spatiotemporal disparity of breast cancer incidence in Iranian female populations at the district level from 2000 to 2021: Bayesian disease mapping. PLoS ONE. 20 (9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0330017
TypeArticle
TitleSpatiotemporal disparity of breast cancer incidence in Iranian female populations at the district level from 2000 to 2021: Bayesian disease mapping
AuthorsRahimzadeh, S., Bentham, J., Burczynska, B., Farzadfar, F. and Di Cesare, M.
Abstract

Introduction
While trends in breast cancer incidence in Iran are generally monitored at the national level, little is known about subnational variations in these trends. This study aimed to assess the levels and trends (2000–2021) of the relative risk (RR) of breast cancer incidence at the district level in Iran and its relation to key socioeconomic dimensions to understand the full extent of geographical and social inequalities in the country associated with breast cancer morbidity.

Methods
District-level incidence data by age and sex from the National Cancer Registry System of the Iranian Ministry of Health were used. Related covariates were extracted from the Census and Household Expenditure and Income Survey (HEIS) datasets. The RR of breast cancer incidence was estimated in women above the age of 30 for all 316 districts in Iran from 2000 to 2010 using a Bayesian spatiotemporal model. Finally, predictions were estimated for the period 2011–2021.

Results
The national RR of breast cancer incidence in Iran increased from 0.21 (95% credible interval (CrI): 0.19, 0.22) in 2000 to 0.66 (0.63, 0.68) in 2010 and 1.23 (1.18, 1.28) in 2021. The RR of breast cancer incidence was highest in Yazd (1.96 [1.63, 2.33]), Shiraz (1.90 [1.72, 2.09]) and Shemiranat (1.90 [1.12, 2.91]) in 2010 and in Tehran (3.99 [3.86, 4.33]), Bushehr (3.89 [3.07, 4.77]) and Abadan (3.67 [2.99, 4.39]) in 2021. In contrast, Savojbolagh, Saravan and Nikshahr had the lowest RRs in both 2010 (0.11 [0.05, 0.20], 0.17 [0.08, 0.30] and 0.20 [0.09, 0.36], respectively) and 2021 (0.19 [0.10, 0.33], 0.34 [0.18, 0.54] and 0.35 [0.17, 0.62], respectively). The RR of breast cancer incidence was 60% greater across districts in the highest YOS quintile (average years of schooling: 3.9) than in those in the lowest YOS quintile (average years of schooling: 2.2; relative index of inequality: 1.6).

Conclusions
The results show that the RR of breast cancer incidence has increased over time (2000–2021) at the national and subnational levels in Iran. Breast cancer is one of the few diseases with a positive education gradient, with a greater RR of breast cancer incidence among higher-educated women than among lower-educated women. However, this is likely due to better awareness of diagnostic approaches and access to those approaches rather than reflecting patterns in the true incidence of breast cancer. While social inequalities are a major barrier to reducing the prevalence and incidence of breast cancer, it is important to track the progress made at the district level based on the characteristics of specific policies aimed at reducing health inequalities. A scaling-up in the quality of healthcare services, national and subnational policies addressing prevention and treatment, and more specialised training programmes for women’s health are needed.

Sustainable Development Goals3 Good health and well-being
Middlesex University ThemeHealth & Wellbeing
PublisherPublic Library of Science
JournalPLoS ONE
ISSN
Electronic1932-6203
Publication dates
Online11 Sep 2025
Print11 Sep 2025
Publication process dates
Submitted05 Mar 2025
Accepted24 Jul 2025
Deposited12 Sep 2025
Output statusPublished
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Copyright Statement

© 2025 Rahimzadeh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0330017
PubMed ID40934165
PubMed Central IDPMC12425319
Web of Science identifierWOS:001570808400004
National Library of Medicine ID101285081
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Lima-Costa, M., Lin, H., Lin, X., Lin, Y., Lind, L., Linneberg, A., Lissner, L., Liu, J., Loit, H., Lopez-Garcia, E., Lopez, T., Lotufo, P., Lozano, J., Luksiene, D., Lundqvist, A., Lundqvist, R., Lunet, N., Ma, G., Machado-Coelho, G., Machado-Rodrigues, A., Machi, S., Madar, A., Maggi, S., Magliano, D., Magriplis, E., Mahasampath, G., Maire, B., Makdisse, M., Malekzadeh, F., Malekzadeh, R., Rao, K., Manios, Y., Mann, J., Mansour-Ghanaei, F., Manzato, E., Marques-Vidal, P., Martorell, R., Mascarenhas, L., Mathiesen, E., Matsha, T., Mavrogianni, C., McFarlane, S., McGarvey, S., McLachlan, S., McLean, R., McLean, S., McNulty, B., Mediene-Benchekor, S., Mehdipour, P., Mehlig, K., Mehrparvar, A., Meirhaeghe, A., Meisinger, C., Menezes, A., Menon, G., Merat, S., Mereke, A., Meshram, I., Metcalf, P., Meyer, H., Mi, J., Michels, N., Miller, J., Minderico, C., Mini, G., Miquel, J., Miranda, J., Mirjalili, M., Mirrakhimov, E., Modesti, P., Moghaddam, S., Mohajer, B., Mohamed, M., Mohammad, K., Mohammadi, Z., Mohammadifard, N., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohan, V., Mohanna, S., Yusoff, M., Mohebbi, I., Mohebi, F., Moitry, M., Møllehave, L., Møller, N., Molnár, D., Momenan, A., Mondo, C., Monterrubio-Flores, E., Moosazadeh, M., Morejon, A., Moreno, L., Morgan, K., Morin, S., Moschonis, G., Mossakowska, M., Mostafa, A., Mota, J., Motlagh, M., Motta, J., Msyamboza, K., Muiesan, M., Müller-Nurasyid, M., Mursu, J., Mustafa, N., Nabipour, I., Naderimagham, S., Nagel, G., Naidu, B., Najafi, F., Nakamura, H., Námešná, J., Nang, E., Nangia, V., Nauck, M., Neal, W., Nejatizadeh, A., Nenko, I., Nervi, F., Nguyen, N., Nguyen, Q., Nieto-Martínez, R., Nihal, T., Niiranen, T., Ning, G., Ninomiya, T., Noale, M., Noboa, O., Noto, D., Nsour, M., Nuhoğlu, I., O’Neill, T., O’Reilly, D., Ochoa-Avilés, A., Oh, K., Ohtsuka, R., Olafsson, Ö., Olié, V., Oliveira, I., Omar, M., Onat, A., Ong, S., Ordunez, P., Ornelas, R., Ortiz, P., Osmond, C., Ostojic, S., Ostovar, A., Otero, J., Owusu-Dabo, E., Paccaud, F., Pahomova, E., Pajak, A., Palmieri, L., Pan, W., Panda-Jonas, S., Panza, F., Parnell, W., Patel, N., Peer, N., Peixoto, S., Peltonen, M., Pereira, A., Peters, A., Petersmann, A., Petkeviciene, J., Peykari, N., Pham, S., Pichardo, R., Pigeot, I., Pilav, A., Pilotto, L., Piwonska, A., Pizarro, A., Plans-Rubió, P., Plata, S., Pohlabeln, H., Porta, M., Portegies, M., Poudyal, A., Pourfarzi, F., Poustchi, H., Pradeepa, R., Price, J., Providencia, R., Puder, J., Puhakka, S., Punab, M., Qorbani, M., Bao, T., Radisauskas, R., Rahimikazerooni, S., Raitakari, O., Rao, S., Ramachandran, A., Ramos, E., Ramos, R., Rampal, L., Rampal, S., Redon, J., Reganit, P., Revilla, L., Rezaianzadeh, A., Ribeiro, R., Richter, A., Rigo, F., Rinke de Wit, T., Rodríguez-Artalejo, F., del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, M., Rodríguez-Villamizar, L., Roggenbuck, U., Rojas-Martinez, R., Romaguera, D., Romeo, E., Rosengren, A., Roy, J., Rubinstein, A., Ruidavets, J., Ruiz-Betancourt, B., Russo, P., Rust, P., Rutkowski, M., Sabanayagam, C., Sachdev, H., Sadjadi, A., Safarpour, A., Safiri, S., Saidi, O., Saki, N., Salanave, B., Salmerón, D., Salomaa, V., Salonen, J., Salvetti, M., Sánchez-Abanto, J., Sans, S., Santaliestra-Pasías, A., Santos, D., Santos, M., Santos, R., Saramies, J., Sardinha, L., Sarrafzadegan, N., Saum, K., Savva, S., Sawada, N., Sbaraini, M., Scazufca, M., Schaan, B., Schargrodsky, H., Scheidt-Nave, C., Schienkiewitz, A., Schipf, S., Schmidt, C., Schöttker, B., Schramm, S., Sebert, S., Sein, A., Sen, A., Sepanlou, S., Servais, J., Shakeri, R., Shalnova, S., Shamah-Levy, T., Sharafkhah, M., Sharma, S., Shaw, J., Shayanrad, A., Shi, Z., Shibuya, K., Shimizu-Furusawa, H., Shin, D., Shin, Y., Shirani, M., Shiri, R., Shrestha, N., Si-Ramlee, K., Siani, A., Siantar, R., Sibai, A., Silva, D., Simon, M., Simons, J., Simons, L., Sjöström, M., Skaaby, T., Slowikowska-Hilczer, J., Slusarczyk, P., Smeeth, L., Snijder, M., Söderberg, S., Soemantri, A., Sofat, R., Solfrizzi, V., Somi, M., Sonestedt, E., Sørensen, T., Jérome, C., Soumaré, A., Sozmen, K., Sparrenberger, K., Staessen, J., Stathopoulou, M., Stavreski, B., Steene-Johannessen, J., Stehle, P., Stein, A., Stessman, J., Stevanović, R., Stieber, J., Stöckl, D., Stokwiszewski, J., Stronks, K., Strufaldi, M., Suárez-Medina, R., Sun, C., Sundström, J., Suriyawongpaisal, P., Sy, R., Sylva, R., Szklo, M., Tai, E., Tamosiunas, A., Tan, E., Tarawneh, M., Tarqui-Mamani, C., Taylor, A., Taylor, J., Tell, G., Tello, T., Thankappan, K., Thijs, L., Thuesen, B., Toft, U., Tolonen, H., Tolstrup, J., Topbas, M., Topór-Madry, R., Tormo, M., Tornaritis, M., Torrent, M., Torres-Collado, L., Traissac, P., Trinh, O., Truthmann, J., Tsugane, S., Tulloch-Reid, M., Tuomainen, T., Tuomilehto, J., Tybjaerg-Hansen, A., Tzourio, C., Ueda, P., Ugel, E., Ulmer, H., Unal, B., Uusitalo, H., Valdivia, G., Valvi, D., van Dam, R., van der Schouw, Y., Van Herck, K., Van Minh, H., van Rossem, L., Van Schoor, N., van Valkengoed, I., Vanderschueren, D., Vanuzzo, D., Varbo, A., Varona-Pérez, P., Vasan, S., Vatten, L., Vega, T., Veidebaum, T., Velasquez-Melendez, G., Venero-Fernández, S., Veronesi, G., Verschuren, W., Victora, C., Vidiawati, D., Viet, L., Villalpando, S., Vioque, J., Virtanen, J., Visvikis-Siest, S., Viswanathan, B., Vlasoff, T., Vollenweider, P., Voutilainen, A., Wade, A., Wagner, A., Walton, J., Bebakar, W., Mohamud, W., Wang, M., Wang, N., Wang, Q., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Wannamethee, S., Wedderkopp, N., Wei, W., Whincup, P., Widhalm, K., Widyahening, I., Wiecek, A., Wijga, A., Wilks, R., Willeit, J., Willeit, P., Wilsgaard, T., Wojtyniak, B., Wong-McClure, R., Wong, A., Wong, T., Woo, J., Woodward, M., Wu, F., Wu, S., Xu, H., Xu, L., Yan, W., Yang, X., Yasuharu, T., Ye, X., Yeow, T., Yiallouros, P., Yoosefi, M., Yoshihara, A., You, S., Younger-Coleman, N., Yusoff, A., Zainuddin, A., Zakavi, S., Zali, M., Zamani, F., Zambon, S., Zampelas, A., Zaw, K., Zdrojewski, T., Vrkic, T., Zhang, Z., Zhao, W., Zhen, S., Zheng, Y., Zholdin, B., Zhussupov, B., Zoghlami, N., Cisneros, J., Gregg, E. and Ezzati, M. 2020. Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterolmirand. Nature. 582 (7810), pp. 73-77. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2338-1
Transitions of cardio-metabolic risk factors in the Americas between 1980 and 2014
Miranda, J., NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) Americas Working Group and Di Cesare, M. 2020. Transitions of cardio-metabolic risk factors in the Americas between 1980 and 2014. Lancet Global Health. 8 (1), pp. e123-e133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30484-X
Human fertility: sociodemographic aspects
Pinnelli, A. and Di Cesare, M. 2005. Human fertility: sociodemographic aspects. Contraception. 72 (4), pp. 303-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2005.01.008
Comparison between the effects of trigger point mesotherapy versus acupuncture points mesotherapy in the treatment of chronic low back pain: a short term randomized controlled trial
Di Cesare, A., Giombini, A., Di Cesare, M., Ripani, M., Vulpiani, M. and Saraceni, V. 2011. Comparison between the effects of trigger point mesotherapy versus acupuncture points mesotherapy in the treatment of chronic low back pain: a short term randomized controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 19 (1), pp. 19-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2010.11.002
Environmental and health inequalities in England (2000-2015)
Roca-Barceló, A., Di Cesare, M. and Fecht, D. 2019. Environmental and health inequalities in England (2000-2015). 31st annual conference of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE 2019). Utrecht, the Netherlands 25 - 28 Aug 2019 Wolters Kluwer. pp. 335 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.EE9.0000609688.41583.c8
How fertility and union stability interact in shaping new family patterns in Italy and Spain
Coppola, L. and Di Cesare, M. 2008. How fertility and union stability interact in shaping new family patterns in Italy and Spain. Demographic Research. 18, pp. 117-144. https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2008.18.4
Use of an age-period-cohort model to reveal the impact of cigarette smoking on trends in Twentieth-century adult cohort mortality in England and Wales
Murphy, M. and Di Cesare, M. 2012. Use of an age-period-cohort model to reveal the impact of cigarette smoking on trends in Twentieth-century adult cohort mortality in England and Wales. Population Studies. 66 (3), pp. 259-277. https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2012.678881
Forecasting mortality, different approaches for different cause of deaths? The cases of lung cancer; influenza, pneumonia, and bronchitis; and motor vehicle accidents
Di Cesare, M. and Murphy, M. 2009. Forecasting mortality, different approaches for different cause of deaths? The cases of lung cancer; influenza, pneumonia, and bronchitis; and motor vehicle accidents. British Actuarial Journal. 15 (S1), pp. 185-211. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357321700005560
Access to antenatal care and children’s cognitive development: a comparative analysis in Ethiopia, Peru, Vietnam and India
Di Cesare, M. and Sabates, R. 2013. Access to antenatal care and children’s cognitive development: a comparative analysis in Ethiopia, Peru, Vietnam and India. International Journal of Public Health. 58 (3), pp. 459-467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-012-0418-1
Purification and method optimisation for identification of carbohydrate moieties on human chorionic gonadotropin glycoforms using MALDI IT–TOF MS
Gondek, M., Burczynska, B. and Hills, F. 2019. Purification and method optimisation for identification of carbohydrate moieties on human chorionic gonadotropin glycoforms using MALDI IT–TOF MS. 4th FEBS Congress. Krakow, Poland 06 - 11 Jul 2019 Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/2211-5463.12674
National trends in total cholesterol obscure heterogeneous changes in HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio: a pooled analysis of 458 population-based studies in Asian and Western countries
Taddei, C., Jackson, R., Zhou, B., Bixby, H., Danaei, G., Di Cesare, M., Kuulasmaa, K., Hajifathalian, K., Bentham, J., Bennett, J., Aekplakorn, W., Cifkova, R., Dallongeville, J., De Bacquer, D., Giampaoli, S., Gudnason, V., Khang, Y., Laatikainen, T., Mann, J., Marques-Vidal, P., Mensah, G., Müller-Nurasyid, M., Ninomiya, T., Petkeviciene, J., Rodríguez-Artalejo, F., Servais, J., Söderberg, S., Stavreski, B., Wilsgaard, T., Zdrojewski, T., Zhao, D., Stevens, G., Savin, S., Cowan, M., Riley, L., Ezzati, M. and NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) 2020. National trends in total cholesterol obscure heterogeneous changes in HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio: a pooled analysis of 458 population-based studies in Asian and Western countries. International Journal of Epidemiology. 49 (1), pp. 173-192. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz099
Global trends of chronic non-communicable diseases risk factors
Di Cesare, M. 2019. Global trends of chronic non-communicable diseases risk factors. 12th European Public Health Conference: Building bridges for solidarity and public health. Marseille, France 20 - 23 Nov 2019 Oxford University Press (OUP). pp. 77-77 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.196
The epidemiological burden of obesity in childhood: a worldwide epidemic requiring urgent action
Di Cesare, M., Sorić, M., Bovet, P., Miranda, J., Bhutta, Z., Stevens, G., Laxmaiah, A., Kengne, A. and Bentham, J. 2019. The epidemiological burden of obesity in childhood: a worldwide epidemic requiring urgent action. BMC Medicine. 17 (1), pp. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1449-8
Regulation of human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit expression in ovarian cancer
Śliwa, A., Kubiczak, M., Szczerba, A., Walkowiak, G., Nowak-Markwitz, E., Burczynska, B., Butler, S., Iles, R., Białas, P. and Jankowska, A. 2019. Regulation of human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit expression in ovarian cancer. BMC cancer. 19 (1), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-019-5960-2
Long-term and recent trends in hypertension awareness, treatment and control in twelve high-income countries: an analysis of 123 nationally representative surveys
Zhou, B., Danaei, G., Stevens, G., Bixby, H., Taddei, C., Carrillo-Larco, R., solomon, B., Riley, L., Di Cesare, M., Iurilli, N. and et al. 2019. Long-term and recent trends in hypertension awareness, treatment and control in twelve high-income countries: an analysis of 123 nationally representative surveys. The Lancet. 394 (10199), pp. 639-651. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31145-6
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults [Letter]
Bixby, H., Bentham, J., Zhou, B., Di Cesare, M., Paciorek, C. and NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) 2019. Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults [Letter]. Nature. 569 (7755), pp. 260-264. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1171-x
2018 Global Nutrition Report: Shining a light to spur action on nutrition
Fanzo, J., Hawkes, C., Udomkesmalee, E., Afshin, A., Allemandi, L., Assery, O., Baker, P., Battersby, J., Bhutta, Z., Chen, K., Corvalan, C., Di Cesare, M., Dolan, C., Fonseca, J., Grummer-Strawn, L., Hayashi, C., McArthur, J., Rao, A., Rosenzweig, C. and Schofield, D. 2018. 2018 Global Nutrition Report: Shining a light to spur action on nutrition. Bristol, UK: Development Initiatives.
Novel insights into the expression of CGB1 & 2 genes by epithelial cancer cell lines secreting ectopic free hCGβ
Burczynska, B., Kobrouly, L., Butler, S., Naase, M. and Iles, R. 2014. Novel insights into the expression of CGB1 & 2 genes by epithelial cancer cell lines secreting ectopic free hCGβ. Anticancer Research. 34 (5), pp. 2239-2248.
Absence of excess body fatness
IARC Working Group, Anderson, A., Baker, J., Breda, J., Byers, T., Clearly, M., Colditz, G., Di Cesare, M., Gapstur, S., Gunter, M., Herbert, R., Hursting, S., Kaaks, R., Leitzmann, M., Ligibel, J., Renehan, A., Romieu, I., Shimokawa, I., Thompson, H., Ulrich, C., Wade, K. and Weiderpass, E. 2019. Absence of excess body fatness. France International Agency for Research on Cancer.
Inequalities in non-communicable diseases and effective responses
Di Cesare, M., Khang, Y., Asaria, P., Blakely, T., Cowan, M., Farzadfar, F., Guerrero, R., Ikeda, N., Kyobutungi, C., Msyamboza, K., Oum, S., Lynch, J., Marmot, M. and Ezzati, M. 2013. Inequalities in non-communicable diseases and effective responses. The Lancet. 381 (9866), pp. 585-597. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61851-0
Determining the worldwide prevalence of obesity - Authors' reply
Ezzati, M., Di Cesare, M. and Bentham, J. 2018. Determining the worldwide prevalence of obesity - Authors' reply. The Lancet. 391 (10132), p. 1774. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30781-5
The contributions of risk factor trends to cardiometabolic mortality decline in 26 industrialized countries
Di Cesare, M., Bennett, J., Best, N., Stevens, G., Danaei, G. and Ezzati, M. 2013. The contributions of risk factor trends to cardiometabolic mortality decline in 26 industrialized countries. International Journal of Epidemiology. 42 (3), pp. 838-848. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyt063
Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: a pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants
Zhou, B., Bentham, J., Di Cesare, M., Danaei, G., Hajifathalian, K., Taddei, C., Carrillo-Larco, R., Djalalinia, S., Khatibzadeh, S., Lugero, C., Peykari, N., Zhang, W., Bilano, V., Stevens, G., Cowan, M., Riley, L., Zhengming, C., Hambleton, I., Jackson, R., Kengne, A., Khang, Y., Laxmaiah, A., Liu, J., Malekzadeh, R., Neuhauser, H., Soric, M., Starc, G., Sundstrom, J., Woodward, M., Ezzati, M. and NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) 2018. Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: a pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants. International Journal of Epidemiology. 47 (3), pp. 872-883i. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyy016
Method optimisation for identification of carbohydrate moieties on human chorionic gonadotropin glycoforms using MALDI-TOF-MS
Gondek, M., Burczynska, B. and Hills, F. 2018. Method optimisation for identification of carbohydrate moieties on human chorionic gonadotropin glycoforms using MALDI-TOF-MS. 45th International Society of Oncology and BioMarkers (ISOBM) 2018 Congress. Hamburg, Germany 24 - 27 Nov 2018
Student-generated pre-exam questions is an effective tool for participatory learning: a case study from Ecology of Waterborne Pathogens course
Teplitski, M., Irani, T., Krediet, C., Di Cesare, M. and Marvasi, M. 2018. Student-generated pre-exam questions is an effective tool for participatory learning: a case study from Ecology of Waterborne Pathogens course. Journal of Food Science Education. 17 (3), pp. 76-84. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4329.12129
Trends in obesity and diabetes across Africa from 1980 to 2014: an analysis of pooled population-based studies
Kengne, A., Bentham, J., Zhou, B., Peer, N., Matsha, T., Bixby, H., Di Cesare, M., Hajifathalian, K., Lu, Y., Taddei, C., Bovet, P., Kyobutungi, C., Ezzati, M., Mbanya, J. and NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) Africa Working Group 2017. Trends in obesity and diabetes across Africa from 1980 to 2014: an analysis of pooled population-based studies. International Journal of Epidemiology. 46 (5), pp. 1421-1432. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyx078
Laboratory-based and office-based risk scores and charts to predict 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in 182 countries: a pooled analysis of prospective cohorts and health surveys
Ueda, P., Woodward, M., Lu, Y., Hajifathalian, K., Al-Wotayan, R., Aguilar-Salinas, C., Ahmadvand, A., Azizi, F., Bentham, J., Cifkova, R., Di Cesare, M., Eriksen, L., Farzadfar, F., Ferguson, T., Ikeda, N., Khalili, D., Khang, Y., Lanska, V., León-Muñoz, L., Magliano, D., Margozzini, P., Msyamboza, K., Mutungi, G., Oh, K., Oum, S., Rodríguez-Artalejo, F., Rojas-Martinez, R., Valdivia, G., Wilks, R., Shaw, J., Stevens, G., Tolstrup, J., Zhou, B., Salomon, J., Ezzati, M. and Danaei, G. 2017. Laboratory-based and office-based risk scores and charts to predict 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in 182 countries: a pooled analysis of prospective cohorts and health surveys. Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology. 5 (3), pp. 196-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30015-3
Detection and quantification of human chorionic gonadotropin levels in human placental choriocarcinoma cell lines
Gondek, M., Hills, F. and Burczynska, B. 2017. Detection and quantification of human chorionic gonadotropin levels in human placental choriocarcinoma cell lines. 2017 Middlesex University Postgraduate Researchers Summer Conference. Middlesex University London, UK 28 - 29 Jun 2017
Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies with 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults
Bentham, J., Di Cesare, M., Bilano, V., Bixby, H., Zhou, B., Ezzati, M. and NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) 2017. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies with 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults. The Lancet. 390 (10113), pp. 2627-2642. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3
Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants
Zhou, B., Bentham, J., Di Cesare, M., Bixby, H., Danaei, G., Cowan, M., Paciorek, C., Singh, G., Hajifathalian, K., Bennett, J., Taddei, C., Bilano, V., Carrillo-Larco, R., Djalalinia, S., Khatibzadeh, S., Lugero, C., Peykari, N., Zhang, W., Lu, Y., Stevens, G., Riley, L., Bovet, P., Elliott, P., Gu, D., Ikeda, N., Jackson, R., Joffres, M., Kengne, A., Laatikainen, T., Lam, T., Laxmaiah, A., Liu, J., Miranda, J., Mondo, C., Neuhauser, H., Sundstrom, J., Smeeth, L., Soric, M., Woodward, M., Ezzati, M. and NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) 2017. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants. The Lancet. 389 (10064), pp. 37-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31919-5
Body fatness and cancer - viewpoint of the IARC working group
Lauby-Secretan, B., Scoccianti, C., Loomis, D., Grosse, Y., Bianchini, F., Straif, K., Colditz, G., Anderson, A., Herbert, R., Kaaks, R., Thompson, H., Baker, J., Breda, J., Byers, T., Clearly, M., Di Cesare, M., Gapstur, S., Gunter, M., Hursting, S., Leitzmann, M., Ligibel, J., Renehan, A., Romieu, I., Shimokawa, I., Ulrich, C., Wade, K. and Weiderpass, E. 2016. Body fatness and cancer - viewpoint of the IARC working group. New England Journal of Medicine. 375, pp. 794-798. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsr1606602
A century of trends in adult human height
Bentham, J., Di Cesare, M., Stevens, G., Zhou, B., Bixby, H., Cowan, M., Fortunato, L., Bennett, J., Danaei, G., Hajifathalian, K., Lu, Y., Riley, L., Laxmaiah, A., Kontis, V., Paciorek, C., Riboli, E., Ezzati, M. and NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) 2016. A century of trends in adult human height. 5, pp. 1-29. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13410
A comparative study of bifidobacteria in human babies and adults
Khonsari, S., Suganthy, M., Burczynska, B., Dang, V., Choudhury, M. and Pachenari, A. 2016. A comparative study of bifidobacteria in human babies and adults. Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health. 35 (2), pp. 97-103. https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2015-006
Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants
Zhou, B., Lu, Y., Hajifathalian, K., Bentham, J., Di Cesare, M., Ezzati, M. and NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) 2016. Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants. The Lancet. 387 (10027), pp. 1513-1530. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00618-8
Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants
Di Cesare, M., Bentham, J., Stevens, G., Zhou, B., Danaei, G., Lu, Y., Bixby, H., Cowan, M., Riley, L., Hajifathalian, K., Fortunato, L., Taddei, C., Bennett, J., Ikeda, N., Khang, Y., Kyobutungi, C., Laxmaiah, A., Li, Y., Lin, H., Miranda, J., Mostafa, A., Turley, M., Paciorek, C., Gunter, M., Ezzati, M. and NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) 2016. Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants. The Lancet. 387 (10026), pp. 1377-1396. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30054-X
Fecundidad adolescente en los países desarrollados: niveles, tendencias y políticas
Di Cesare, M. 2015. Fecundidad adolescente en los países desarrollados: niveles, tendencias y políticas. CEPAL.
Does educational exclusion explain health differentials among children? An empirical analysis of children in Ethiopia using Young Lives data
Sabates, R., Di Cesare, M. and Railly, B. 2015. Does educational exclusion explain health differentials among children? An empirical analysis of children in Ethiopia using Young Lives data. in: Routledge Handbook of International Education and Development Routledge. pp. 182-195
A novel risk score to predict cardiovascular disease risk in national populations (Globorisk): a pooled analysis of prospective cohorts and health examination surveys
Hajifathalian, K., Ueda, P., Lu, Y., Woodward, M., Ahmadvand, A., Aguilar-Salinas, C., Azizi, F., Cifkova, R., Di Cesare, M., Eriksen, L., Farzadfar, F., Ikeda, N., Khalili, D., Khang, Y., Lanska, V., León-Muñoz, L., Magliano, D., Msyamboza, K., Oh, K., Rodríguez-Artalejo, F., Rojas-Martinez, R., Shaw, J., Stevens, G., Tolstrup, J., Zhou, B., Salomon, J., Ezzati, M. and Danaei, G. 2015. A novel risk score to predict cardiovascular disease risk in national populations (Globorisk): a pooled analysis of prospective cohorts and health examination surveys. Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology. 3 (5), pp. 339-355. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00081-9
Geographical and socioeconomic inequalities in women and children’s nutritional status in Pakistan in 2011: an analysis of data from a nationally representative survey
Di Cesare, M., Bhatti, Z., Soofi, S., Fortunato, L., Ezzati, M. and Bhutta, Z. 2015. Geographical and socioeconomic inequalities in women and children’s nutritional status in Pakistan in 2011: an analysis of data from a nationally representative survey. Lancet Global Health. 3 (4), pp. e229-e239. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(15)70001-X
Can you spot the difference? Analysis of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secreted by common non-trophoblastic and trophoblastic cancers
Gondek, M., Hills, F. and Burczynska, B. 2015. Can you spot the difference? Analysis of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secreted by common non-trophoblastic and trophoblastic cancers. 2015 Middlesex University Postgraduate Researchers Summer Conference. Middlesex University London, UK 17 - 18 Jun 2015 Middlesex University.
Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331 288 participants
Danaei, G., Fahimi, S., Lu, Y., Zhou, B., Hajifathalian, K., Di Cesare, M., Lo, W., Cowan, M., Reis-Santos, B., Shaw, J., Bentham, J., Lin, J., Magliano, D., Bovet, P., Miranda, J., Khang, Y., Stevens, G., Riley, L., Ezzati, M. and NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) 2015. Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331 288 participants. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinology. 3 (8), pp. 624-637. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00129-1
Effect of photodynamic therapy on proliferation and apoptosis of 3T3 fibroblasts and HeLa cells
Jankowska, A., Wiecek, P. and Burczynska, B. 2008. Effect of photodynamic therapy on proliferation and apoptosis of 3T3 fibroblasts and HeLa cells. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery. 26 (4), pp. 343-347. https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2007.2199
Stable knockdown of hCGβ mRNA expression in bladder cancer cells results in significant inhibition of growth
Burczynska, B., Booth, M., Iles, R., Shah, A., Shiled, A. and Butler, S. 2013. Stable knockdown of hCGβ mRNA expression in bladder cancer cells results in significant inhibition of growth. Anticancer Research. 33 (9), pp. 3611-3614.
Reduction of human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit expression by modified U1 snRNA caused apoptosis in cervical cancer cells
Jankowska, A., Gunderson, S., Andrusiewicz, M., Burczynska, B., Szczerba, A., Jarmolowski, A., Nowak-Markwitz, E. and Warchol, J. 2008. Reduction of human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit expression by modified U1 snRNA caused apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. Molecular Cancer. 7 (26). https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-7-26
Rod outer segment membrane guanylate cyclase type 1 (ROS-GC1) calcium-modulated transduction system in the sperm
Jankowska, A., Burczynska, B., Duda, T. and Warchol, J. 2010. Rod outer segment membrane guanylate cyclase type 1 (ROS-GC1) calcium-modulated transduction system in the sperm. Fertility and Sterility. 93 (3), pp. 904-912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.10.048