Bony metastases from breast cancer: a study of foetal antigen 2 as a blood tumour marker.

Article

Cheung, K., Iles, R. and Robertson, J. 2010. Bony metastases from breast cancer: a study of foetal antigen 2 as a blood tumour marker. World Journal of Surgical Oncology. 8 (38). https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7819-8-38
TypeArticle
TitleBony metastases from breast cancer: a study of foetal antigen 2 as a blood tumour marker.
AuthorsCheung, K., Iles, R. and Robertson, J.
Abstract

Background : Foetal antigen 2 (FA-2), first isolated in the amniotic fluid, was shown to be the circulating form of the aminopropeptide of the alpha 1 chain of procollagen type I. Serum concentrations of FA-2 appeared to be elevated in a number of disorders of bone metabolism. This paper is the first report of its role as a marker of bone metabolism in metastatic breast cancer.
Methods: Serum FA-2 concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in 153 women with different stages of breast cancer and in 34 normal controls.
Results: Serum FA-2 was significantly elevated in women with bony metastases (p < 0.015). Its levels were not significantly different among women with non-bony metastases, with non-metastatic disease, as well as among normal controls.
Conclusions: FA-2 is a promising blood marker of bone metabolism. Further studies to delineate its role in the diagnosis and management of bony metastases from breast cancer are required.

PublisherBioMed Central
JournalWorld Journal of Surgical Oncology
ISSN1477-7819
Publication process dates
Deposited10 Jun 2010
Output statusPublished
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open access item

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7819-8-38
LanguageEnglish
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Butler, S. and Iles, R. 2004. The recently identified homodimeric beta-beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCGbb) is no more biologically active than the free beta subunit (hCGb). Tumor Biology. 25 (1-2), pp. 18-23. https://doi.org/10.1159/000077719
Serum amino-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP) in prostate cancer: a potential predictor of bone metastases and prognosticator for disease progression and survival.
Thurairaja, R., Iles, R., Jefferson, K., McFarlane, J. and Persad, R. 2006. Serum amino-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP) in prostate cancer: a potential predictor of bone metastases and prognosticator for disease progression and survival. Urologia internationalis. 76 (1), pp. 67-71.
Immunoassay detection of human chorionic gonadotrophin beta (hCGb) expression by prostate cancer is of no clinical significance
Otite, U., Baithun, S., Chinegwundon, F., Nargund, V. and Iles, R. 2006. Immunoassay detection of human chorionic gonadotrophin beta (hCGb) expression by prostate cancer is of no clinical significance. Tumor Biology. 27, pp. 181-186.
Gonadotropins and prostate cancer: revisited.
Thwaini, A., Naase, M., Chinegwundon, F., Baithun, S., Ghali, L., Shergill, I. and Iles, R. 2006. Gonadotropins and prostate cancer: revisited. Urologia internationalis. 77 (4), pp. 289-296. https://doi.org/10.1159/000096330
Ectopic hCGbeta expression by epithelial cancer: malignant behaviour, metastasis and inhibition of tumor cell apoptosis
Iles, R. 2007. Ectopic hCGbeta expression by epithelial cancer: malignant behaviour, metastasis and inhibition of tumor cell apoptosis. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 260-26, pp. 264-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2006.02.019
An introduction to mass spectrometry based proteomics-detection and characterization of gonadotropins and related molecules
Kicman, A., Parkin, M. and Iles, R. 2007. An introduction to mass spectrometry based proteomics-detection and characterization of gonadotropins and related molecules. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 260-26, pp. 212-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2006.02.022
Towards the development of an electrochemical biosensor for hCGβ detection
Kassanos, P., Iles, R., Bayford, R. and Demosthenous, A. 2008. Towards the development of an electrochemical biosensor for hCGβ detection. Physiological Measurement. 29 (6), pp. S241-S254. https://doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/29/6/S21
The role of glycoprotein hormones in endometrial cancer. (in Part 7: Hormones & hormone receptor)
Bax, C., Davies, S., Chatzaki, E., Butler, S. and Iles, R. 2003. The role of glycoprotein hormones in endometrial cancer. (in Part 7: Hormones & hormone receptor). in: Nishida, M. and Kuramoto, H. (ed.) Cell and molecular biology of endometrial carcinoma. London Springer. pp. 195-206
Molecular cell biology and genetic disorders
Iles, R. 2009. Molecular cell biology and genetic disorders. in: Kumar, P. and Clark, M. (ed.) Kumar & Clark’s clinical medicine. Edinburgh Elsevier Saunders. pp. 19-52
Chapter 1: Basic sciences: the cell.
Iles, R. 2008. Chapter 1: Basic sciences: the cell. in: Nargund, V., Raghavan, D. and Sandler, H. (ed.) Urological oncology. London Springer. pp. 3-36
Human chorionic gonadotropin isoforms in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy
Iles, R., Borrelli, P., Butler, S. and Staite, E. 2003. Human chorionic gonadotropin isoforms in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Clinical Chemistry. 49 (12), pp. 2045-2049. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2003.022095
Enhanced affinity capture MALDI-TOF MS: orientation of an immunoglobulin G using recombinant protein G
Iles, R., Bansal, S., Jacoby, E., Neubert, H., Cowan, D. and Kicman, A. 2002. Enhanced affinity capture MALDI-TOF MS: orientation of an immunoglobulin G using recombinant protein G. Analytical Chemistry. 74 (15), pp. 3677-3683. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac025558z
Identification of placental transforming growth factor-beta and bikunin metabolites as contaminants of pharmaceutical human chorionic gonadotrophin preparations by proteomic techniques
Iles, R., Kicman, A., Malatos, S. and Neubert, H. 2005. Identification of placental transforming growth factor-beta and bikunin metabolites as contaminants of pharmaceutical human chorionic gonadotrophin preparations by proteomic techniques. Molecular and Cellular Proteomics. 4 (7), pp. 984-992. https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M500085-MCP200
Ectopic human chorionic gonadotropin beta secretion by epithelial tumors and human chorionic gonadotropin beta-induced apoptosis in Kaposi's sarcoma: is there a connection?
Iles, R. and Butler, S. 2003. Ectopic human chorionic gonadotropin beta secretion by epithelial tumors and human chorionic gonadotropin beta-induced apoptosis in Kaposi's sarcoma: is there a connection? Clinical Cancer Research. 9 (13), pp. 4666-4673.
Human granulosa-lutein cell in vitro production of progesterone, inhibin A, inhibin B, and activin A are dependent on follicular size and not the presence of the oocyte
Wen, S., Tozer, A., Li, D., Docherty, S., Al-Shawaf, T. and Iles, R. 2008. Human granulosa-lutein cell in vitro production of progesterone, inhibin A, inhibin B, and activin A are dependent on follicular size and not the presence of the oocyte. Fertility and Sterility. 89 (5), pp. 1406-1413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.03.086
Follicular fluid levels of inhibin A, inhibin B, and activin A levels reflect changes in follicle size but are not independent markers of the oocyte's ability to fertilize
Wen, S., Tozer, A., Butler, S., Bell, C., Docherty, S. and Iles, R. 2006. Follicular fluid levels of inhibin A, inhibin B, and activin A levels reflect changes in follicle size but are not independent markers of the oocyte's ability to fertilize. Fertility and Sterility. 85 (6), pp. 1723-1729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.11.058
The effects of 'coasting' on follicular fluid concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor in women at risk of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Tozer, A., Iles, R., Iammarrone, E., Gillott, C., Al-Shawaf, T. and Grudzinskas, J. 2004. The effects of 'coasting' on follicular fluid concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor in women at risk of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Human Reproduction. 19 (3), pp. 522-528. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deh096
Characteristics of populations of granulosa cells from individual follicles in women undergoing 'coasting' during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for IVF
Tozer, A., Iles, R., Iammarrone, E., Gillott, C., Wen, S., Al-Shawaf, T. and Grudzinskas, J. 2004. Characteristics of populations of granulosa cells from individual follicles in women undergoing 'coasting' during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for IVF. Human Reproduction. 19 (11), pp. 2561-2568. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deh487
The free monomeric beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG beta) and the recently identified homodimeric beta-beta subunit (hCG beta beta) both haveautocrine growth effects
Butler, S. and Iles, R. 2004. The free monomeric beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG beta) and the recently identified homodimeric beta-beta subunit (hCG beta beta) both haveautocrine growth effects. Tumor Biology. 25 (1-2), pp. 18-23. https://doi.org/10.1159/000077719
Cross-Reaction with luteinizing hormone ß-Core is responsible for the age-dependent increase of immunoreactive ß-Core fragment of human chorionic gonadotropin in women with nonmalignant conditions
Iles, R., Javid, M., Gunn, L. and Chard, T. 1999. Cross-Reaction with luteinizing hormone ß-Core is responsible for the age-dependent increase of immunoreactive ß-Core fragment of human chorionic gonadotropin in women with nonmalignant conditions. Clinical Chemistry. 45 (4), pp. 532-538. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/45.4.532
The prognostic significance of beta human chorionic gonadotrophin and its metabolites in women with cervical carcinoma
Crawford, R., Iles, R., Carter, P., Caldwell, C., Shepherd, J. and Chard, T. 1998. The prognostic significance of beta human chorionic gonadotrophin and its metabolites in women with cervical carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Pathology. 51 (9), pp. 685-688. https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.51.9.685
Serum placental-type alkaline phosphatase activity in women with squamous and glandular malignancies of the reproductive tract
Ind, T., Iles, R., Carter, P., Lowe, D., Shepherd, J., Hudson, C. and Chard, T. 1994. Serum placental-type alkaline phosphatase activity in women with squamous and glandular malignancies of the reproductive tract. Journal of Clinical Pathology. 47 (11), pp. 1035-1037. https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.47.11.1035