Relative position vectors: an alternative approach to conflict detection in air traffic control

Article

Vuckovic, A., Sanderson, P., Neal, A., Gaukrodger, S. and Wong, B. 2013. Relative position vectors: an alternative approach to conflict detection in air traffic control. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. 55 (5), pp. 946-964. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720813481803
TypeArticle
TitleRelative position vectors: an alternative approach to conflict detection in air traffic control
AuthorsVuckovic, A., Sanderson, P., Neal, A., Gaukrodger, S. and Wong, B.
Abstract

Objective: We explore whether the visual pre- sentation of relative position vectors (RPVs) improves conflict detection in conditions representing some aspects of future airspace concepts.
Background: To help air traffic controllers manage increasing traffic, new tools and systems can automate more cognitively demanding processes, such as conflict detection. However, some studies reveal adverse effects of such tools, such as reduced situation awareness and increased workload. New displays are needed that help air traffic controllers handle increasing traffic loads.
Method: A new display tool based on the display of RPVs, the Multi-Conflict Display (MCD), is evalu- ated in a series of simulated conflict detection tasks. The conflict detection performance of air traffic con- trollers with the MCD plus a conventional plan-view radar display is compared with their performance with a conventional plan-view radar display alone.
Results: Performance with the MCD plus radar was better than with radar alone in complex scenarios requir- ing controllers to find all actual or potential conflicts, especially when the number of aircraft on the screen was large. However performance with radar alone was better for static scenarios in which conflicts for a target aircraft, or target pair of aircraft, were the focus.
Conclusion: Complementing the conventional plan-view display with an RPV display may help control- lers detect conflicts more accurately with extremely high aircraft counts.
Applications: We provide an initial proof of concept that RPVs may be useful for supporting conflict detection in situations that are partially representative of conditions in which controllers will be working in the future.

PublisherSAGE Publications
Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
JournalHuman Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
ISSN0018-7208
Electronic1547-8181
Publication dates
Online28 Mar 2013
PrintOct 2013
Publication process dates
Deposited25 Apr 2013
Output statusPublished
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720813481803
LanguageEnglish
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Wong, B. and Blandford, A. 2007. Extracting information handling strategies. in: Mosier, K. and Fischer, U. (ed.) NDM 8: Eighth international conference on naturalistic decision making: proceedings NDM8. pp. 302-309
Situation awareness in an emergency medical dispatch centre.
Wong, B. and Blandford, A. 2004. Situation awareness in an emergency medical dispatch centre. in: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society: 48th annual meeting. Santa Monica, CA. HFES. pp. 285-289
Information handling in dynamic decision making environments.
Wong, B. and Blandford, A. 2004. Information handling in dynamic decision making environments. in: Blythe, M., Baxter, G. and Reed, D. (ed.) ECCE-12: proceedings of the twelfth European conference on cognitive economics. York European Association of Cognitive Ergonomics/ University of York. pp. 195-202
Analysing ambulance dispatcher decision making: trialing emergent themes analysis
Wong, B. and Blandford, A. 2002. Analysing ambulance dispatcher decision making: trialing emergent themes analysis. in: Vatere, F., Johnston, L. and Kushinsky, R. (ed.) Proceedings of the HF2002 human factors conference design for the whole person - integrating physical, cognitive and social aspects: a joint conference of the Ergonomics society of Australia (ESA) and the Computer human interaction special interest group. Canberra Ergonomics Society of Australia..
Situation awareness and its implications for human-systems interaction
Wong, B. and Blandford, A. 2001. Situation awareness and its implications for human-systems interaction. in: Thomas, R., Apperley, M. and Smith, W. (ed.) OZCHI 2001 usability and usefulness for knowledge economies: conference proceedings. Sydney CHISIG. pp. 181-186
Naturalistic decision making in emergency ambulance command and control.
Wong, B. and Blandford, A. 2001. Naturalistic decision making in emergency ambulance command and control. Dunedin, NZ. University of Otagoo.
Inventivity in HCI education.
Wong, B. 2006. Inventivity in HCI education. in: Hvannberg, E. (ed.) Inventivity : teaching theory, design and innovation in HCI. Limerick, Ireland University of Limerick. pp. 67-72
Technology affordances of the ActualDepth multi-layered display
Wong, B. 2003. Technology affordances of the ActualDepth multi-layered display. Dunedin, NZ University of Otagoo.
The integrated decision model in emergency dispatch management and its implications for design
Wong, B. 2000. The integrated decision model in emergency dispatch management and its implications for design. Australian journal of information systems. 2 (7), pp. 95-107.
Virtual tours in tourism: interaction issues.
Villanueva, R. and Wong, B. 2001. Virtual tours in tourism: interaction issues. in: Thomas, R., Apperley, M. and Smith, W. (ed.) OZCHI 2001 usability and usefulness for knowledge economies: conference proceedings. Sydney CHISIG. pp. 235-239
Hydro scheme control in a deregulated environment: cognitive work models and design implications.
Sanderson, P., Wong, B., Choudhury, S. and Memisevic, R. 2003. Hydro scheme control in a deregulated environment: cognitive work models and design implications. in: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society: 47th annual meeting. Denver, Colorado HFES. pp. 458-462
Analysing cognitive work of hydroelectricity generation in a dynamic deregulated market.
Sanderson, P., Memisevic, R. and Wong, B. 2004. Analysing cognitive work of hydroelectricity generation in a dynamic deregulated market. in: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society: 48th annual meeting. Santa Monica, CA. Human Factors. pp. 484-488
Ergonomic consulting for SMCC facilities upgrade project: task analysis input to control room redesign.
Sanderson, P. and Wong, B. 2001. Ergonomic consulting for SMCC facilities upgrade project: task analysis input to control room redesign. Cooma, NSW 2630. Melbourne. Swinburne University of Technology. https://doi.org/SCHIL-SMCC-2001-2
Evaluating human-system integration solutions for SMCC's proposed AGC and GEMS systems: design brief to Snowy Mountains hydro electric authority.
Sanderson, P. and Wong, B. 2000. Evaluating human-system integration solutions for SMCC's proposed AGC and GEMS systems: design brief to Snowy Mountains hydro electric authority. Cooma, NSW, Australia Snowy Mountain Hydro Electric Authority..
Developing visualisations to support spatial-temporal reasoning in ATC.
Rozzi, S., Wong, B., Woodward, P., Amaldi, P., Fields, B. and Panizzi, E. 2006. Developing visualisations to support spatial-temporal reasoning in ATC. in: Pejcic-Tarle, S. (ed.) Second international conference on research in air transportation. Belgrade, Serbia University of Belgrade: Faculty of Traffic and Transport Engineering.
Learning to look: real and virtual artifacts.
Rowntree, J., Wong, B. and Hannah, R. 2002. Learning to look: real and virtual artifacts. Educational technology & society: journal of International forum of educational technology & society and IEEE learning technology task force.. 5 (1), pp. 129-134.
A fide-mediation framework for virtual objects
Rowntree, J., Hannah, R. and Wong, B. 2004. A fide-mediation framework for virtual objects. International journal of learning technology. 1 (2), pp. 163-178. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLT.2004.004874
Learning with digital artifacts: gaining a sense of the object
Rowntree, J., Hannah, R. and Wong, B. 2002. Learning with digital artifacts: gaining a sense of the object. VINE. 32 (3), pp. 14-21. https://doi.org/10.1108/03055720210474244
Digital artifacts in teaching classical art: some educational considerations.
Rowntree, J., Hannah, R. and Wong, B. 2006. Digital artifacts in teaching classical art: some educational considerations. in: Mattusch, C., Donohue, A. and Brauer, A. (ed.) Common ground: archaeology, art, science, and humanities: proceedings of the XVIth International congress of classical archaeology, Boston, August 23-26, 2003. Oxford Oxbow. pp. 300-321
Interactive children: the use of virtual reality and web technologies.
Peterson, K. and Wong, B. 2000. Interactive children: the use of virtual reality and web technologies. in: Paris, C. (ed.) OZCHI 2000: 4th-8th December 2000, the University of Technology, Sydney, Australia. Sydney CHISIG. pp. 12-13
Cognitive task analysis for decision centred design and training.
O'Hare, D., Wiggins, M. and Wong, B. 2000. Cognitive task analysis for decision centred design and training. in: Annett, J. and Stanton, N. (ed.) Task analysis Taylor and Francis.
Activity breakdown in quickTime virtual reality environments.
Norris, B. and Wong, B. 2000. Activity breakdown in quickTime virtual reality environments. in: Thomas, B. and Warren, J. (ed.) First Australasian user interface conference (AUIC 2000): proceedings. Los Alamitos, Calif. IEEE Computer Society.
Cartographic and cognitive analysis of ambulance dispatch displays.
Moore, A., Hayes, J. and Wong, B. 2007. Cartographic and cognitive analysis of ambulance dispatch displays. Going global; mapping New Zealand's trajectory (GeoCart 2006). Auckland, New Zealand 04 - 06 Sep 2006
Next generation 4D HMI concepts. Deliverable 14. Report prepared for AD4: 4D virtual airspace management system, sixth framework programme, priority 1.4 aeronautics and space.
Wong, B., Panifici, E., Lot, D., Amaldi, P., Fields, B. and Rozzi, S. 2005. Next generation 4D HMI concepts. Deliverable 14. Report prepared for AD4: 4D virtual airspace management system, sixth framework programme, priority 1.4 aeronautics and space. Rome NEXT Sistems Ingegeria o..
Investigating human-system interaction with an integrated hydropower and market system simulator
Memisevic, R., Sanderson, P., Wong, B., Choudhury, S. and Li, X. 2007. Investigating human-system interaction with an integrated hydropower and market system simulator. IEEE transactions on power systems. 22 (2), pp. 762-769.
Work domain analysis and ecological interface design for hydropower system monitoring and control.
Memisevic, R., Sanderson, P., Choudhury, S. and Wong, B. 2005. Work domain analysis and ecological interface design for hydropower system monitoring and control. in: Proceedings: the international conference on systems, man and cybernetics. IEEE.
Integrated power scheme simulator for human-system integration studies.
Memisevic, R., Choudhury, S., Sanderson, P. and Wong, B. 2004. Integrated power scheme simulator for human-system integration studies. in: Walker, G. (ed.) Proceedings of AUPEC'2004 : Australasian universities power engineering conference. AUPEC.
The utility of depth affordance in multi-layered displays for supporting change detection.
Mancero, G. and Wong, B. 2008. The utility of depth affordance in multi-layered displays for supporting change detection. in: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society 52nd annual meeting. Santa Monica, CA, USA Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Applying the control adaptation method to a real world system: hydropower system example.
Li, X., Sanderson, P., Wong, B., Choudhury, S. and Memisevic, R. 2005. Applying the control adaptation method to a real world system: hydropower system example. in: Marmaras, N. (ed.) Proceedings of the annual conference of the European association of cognitive ergonomics, EACE 2005 conference. Athens University of Athens..
Accessibility, usability and fit for purpose: a framework for evaluating information delivery.
Keith, S., Whitney, G. and Wong, B. 2006. Accessibility, usability and fit for purpose: a framework for evaluating information delivery. in: Bust, P. (ed.) Contemporary ergonomics 2006. Taylor and Francis.
Fit for purpose: accessibility of on-line public service information through the Barnet CAB electronic advice project.
Keith, S. and Wong, B. 2004. Fit for purpose: accessibility of on-line public service information through the Barnet CAB electronic advice project. Middlesex University. https://doi.org/MUVL-6505o
A functional collaborative work unit for analysing hazardous flight approaches.
Joyekurun, R., Amaldi, P. and Wong, B. 2007. A functional collaborative work unit for analysing hazardous flight approaches. in: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society: 51st Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Complexity factors in ambulance command and control.
Hayes, J., Moore, A., Benwell, G. and Wong, B. 2005. Complexity factors in ambulance command and control. in: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society: 49th annual meeting. Santa Monica, Calif. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Ambulance dispatch complexity and dispatcher decision strategies: implications for interface design.
Hayes, J., Moore, A., Benwell, G. and Wong, B. 2004. Ambulance dispatch complexity and dispatcher decision strategies: implications for interface design. in: Masoodian, M., Jones, S. and Rogers, B. (ed.) Computer human interaction: 6th Asia Pacific conference, APCHI 2004. Berlin Springer.
Proceedings: create 2007
Golightly, D., Rose, T., Wong, B. and Light, A. 2007. Proceedings: create 2007. Ergonomics Society.
QTVR support for teaching operative procedures in dentistry.
Clark, S., Ng, B. and Wong, B. 2000. QTVR support for teaching operative procedures in dentistry. in: McDonald, S., Waern, Y. and Cockton, G. (ed.) People and computers XIV : usability or else!: proceedings of HCI 2000. London Springer. pp. 287-298
Multiple viewpoints on computer supported team work: a case study on ambulance dispatch.
Blandford, A., Wong, B., Connell, I. and Green, T. 2002. Multiple viewpoints on computer supported team work: a case study on ambulance dispatch. in: Faulkner, X., Finlay, J. and Detienne, F. (ed.) People and computers XVI: memorable yet invisible: proceedings of HCI 2002. London Springer. pp. 139-156
State of the art: HCI in New Zealand.
Wong, B., Apperley, M., Carter, P., Churcher, C., Cockburn, A., Jones, M., Lobb, B., Novins, K. and Phillips, C. 2003. State of the art: HCI in New Zealand. in: Rauterberg, M., Menozzi, M. and Wesson, J. (ed.) Human-computer interaction, INTERACT '03: IFIP TC13 International conference on human-computer interaction. Oxford IOS. pp. 1079-1080
Operational concepts report Vol.2: tower control deliverable 12.
Amaldi, P., Fields, B., Rozzi, S., Woodward, P. and Wong, B. 2005. Operational concepts report Vol.2: tower control deliverable 12. Middlesex University Press.
Operational Concepts Report Vol.1: Approach Control.
Amaldi, P., Fields, B., Rozzi, S. and Wong, B. 2005. Operational Concepts Report Vol.1: Approach Control. London Middlesex University Press.
Using a reconstruction-exploration approach to empower cognitive analysis methods: Possibilities and challenges
Albinsson, P., Wong, B. and Pilemalm, S. 2005. Using a reconstruction-exploration approach to empower cognitive analysis methods: Possibilities and challenges. in: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society: 49th annual meeting. Santa Monica, Calif. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. pp. 224-228
A framework for evaluating barriers to accessibility, usability and fit for purpose.
Keith, S., Whitney, G. and Wong, B. 2006. A framework for evaluating barriers to accessibility, usability and fit for purpose. in: Bust, P. (ed.) Contemporary ergonomics 2006. London Taylor and Francis.
Review of DPTAC guidance: large passenger ships and passenger infrastructure.
Keith, S., Whitney, G., Sentinella, J., Wong, B., Platt-Evans, C., Fielding, C. and Smith, L. 2006. Review of DPTAC guidance: large passenger ships and passenger infrastructure. Disabled Persons Transport Advisory Committee (DPTAC).
Purpose and context: selecting multiple methods for evaluating a pilot public information terminal.
Keith, S., Springett, M. and Wong, B. 2005. Purpose and context: selecting multiple methods for evaluating a pilot public information terminal. in: Bust, P. and McCabe, P. (ed.) Contemporary ergonomics. 2005 Taylor and Francis.
Identifying information seeking behaviours of low andhigh literacy users: combined cognitive task analysis.
Kodagoda, N., Wong, B. and Khan, N. 2009. Identifying information seeking behaviours of low andhigh literacy users: combined cognitive task analysis. British Computer Society. pp. 347-354
Fit for purpose evaluation: the case of a public information kiosk for the socially disadvantaged.
Wong, B., Springett, M. and Keith, S. 2005. Fit for purpose evaluation: the case of a public information kiosk for the socially disadvantaged. in: People and Computers XIX - The Bigger Picture: Proceedings of HCI 2005 (BCS Conference) Springer Verlag. pp. 149-165
Critical Decision Method data analysis
Wong, B. 2003. Critical Decision Method data analysis. in: Diaper, D. and Stanton, N. (ed.) The handbook of task analysis for human-computer interaction Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.. pp. 327-346
Evaluating functional displays for hydropower system: model-based guidance of scenario design.
Li, X., Sanderson, P., Memisevic, R., Wong, B. and Choudhury, S. 2006. Evaluating functional displays for hydropower system: model-based guidance of scenario design. Cognition, Technology and Work. 8 (4), pp. 269-282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-006-0044-x
Framework and model of usability factors of mobile phones
Ham, D., Heo, J., Fossick, P., Wong, B., Park, S., Song, C. and Bradley, M.D. 2008. Framework and model of usability factors of mobile phones. in: Lumsden, J. (ed.) Handbook of research on user interface design and evaluation for mobile technology. Hershey, PA. Information Science Reference. pp. 877-896
Editorial: In use, in situ: extending field research methods
Fields, B., Amaldi, P., Wong, B. and Gill, S. 2007. Editorial: In use, in situ: extending field research methods. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. 22 (1-2), pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447310709336952
3D-in-2D Displays for ATC
Wong, B., Rozzi, S., Boccalatte, A., Gaukrodger, S., Amaldi, P., Fields, B., Loomes, M. and Martin, P. 2007. 3D-in-2D Displays for ATC. Brochard, M. and Jurgens, M. (ed.) 6th EUROCONTROL Innovative Research Workshop and Exhibition. Brétigny-sur-Orge, France 05 - 07 Dec 2007 Eurocontrol. pp. 47-62
Operational potential for 3D displays in air traffic control
Rozzi, S., Amaldi, P., Wong, B. and Fields, B. 2007. Operational potential for 3D displays in air traffic control. Brinkman, W., Ham, D. and Wong, B. (ed.) ECCE07: European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2007. London, United Kingdom 28 - 31 Aug 2007 New York Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). pp. 179-183 https://doi.org/10.1145/1362550.1362586
Looking but not seeing: implications for HCI
Mancero, G., Wong, B. and Amaldi, P. 2007. Looking but not seeing: implications for HCI. in: Brinkman, W., Ham, D. and Wong, B. (ed.) ECCE 2007 European conference on cognitive ergonomics 2007: invent! explore! New York Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). pp. 167-174
A framework for considering spatial-temporal representation design in air traffic control
Wong, B., Rozzi, S., Amaldi, P., Woodward, P. and Fields, B. 2006. A framework for considering spatial-temporal representation design in air traffic control. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 50th annual meeting. San Francisco, USA 16 - 20 Oct 2006 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. pp. 250-254 https://doi.org/10.1177/154193120605000309
The critical decision method
Wong, B. 2006. The critical decision method. in: Karwowski, W. (ed.) International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors - 3 Volume Set CRC Press. pp. 3067-3073
Evaluating combined 2D/3D displays for ATC
Rozzi, S., Woodward, P., Amaldi, P., Fields, B. and Wong, B. 2006. Evaluating combined 2D/3D displays for ATC. 5th EUROCONTROL Innovative Research Workshop and Exhibition. Bretigny-sur-Orge, France 05 - 07 Dec 2006 Eurocontrol. pp. 173-180
Design sketching for space and time
Rozzi, S., Wong, B., Amaldi, P., Woodward, P. and Fields, B. 2006. Design sketching for space and time. Clemmensen, T., Orngreen, R., Pejtersen, A. and Wong, B. (ed.) 1st IFIP Working Conference on Human Work Interaction Design. Madeira, Portugal 13 - 15 Feb 2006 New York, NY Springer. pp. 161-183 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36792-7_10
Information layering to de-clutter displays in emergency ambulance dispatch.
Hayes, J., Moore, A. and Wong, B. 2006. Information layering to de-clutter displays in emergency ambulance dispatch. in: Rizzo, A., Grote, G. and Wong, B. (ed.) Proceedings of the 13th Eurpoean conference on cognitive ergonomics trust and control in complex socio-technical systems. New York Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). pp. 10-16
Information layering, depth and transparency effects on multi-layered displays for command and control
Wong, B., Joyekurun, R., Nees, A., Amaldi, P. and Villanueva, R. 2005. Information layering, depth and transparency effects on multi-layered displays for command and control. Human factors and ergonomics society 49th annual meeting. Orlando, USA. 26 - 30 Sep 2005 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. pp. 353-356 https://doi.org/10.1177/154193120504900329
Situation awareness in emergency medical dispatch
Wong, B. and Blandford, A. 2004. Situation awareness in emergency medical dispatch. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 61 (4), pp. 421-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2003.12.012
Field research in HCI: a case study
Wong, B. and Blandford, A. 2003. Field research in HCI: a case study. Kemp, E., Phillips, C. and Wong, B. (ed.) 4th Annual Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction. Dunedin, New Zealand 03 - 04 Jul 2003 New York, NY, United States. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). pp. 69-74 https://doi.org/10.1145/2331829.2331842
Proceedings of CHINZ'03, the 4th annual conference of the ACM special interest group on computer human interaction
Kemp, E., Phillips, C. and Wong, B. 2003. Proceedings of CHINZ'03, the 4th annual conference of the ACM special interest group on computer human interaction. New York, NY, United States. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).