Sense-making in visual analytics: processes and challenges

Conference paper

Attfield, S., Hara, S. and Wong, B. 2010. Sense-making in visual analytics: processes and challenges. EuroVAST 2010: The 1st European Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology.. Bordeaux, France 08 Jun 2010
TypeConference paper
TitleSense-making in visual analytics: processes and challenges
AuthorsAttfield, S., Hara, S. and Wong, B.
Abstract

Since Visual Analytic systems support human sensemaking it is essential that such systems are designed with
characteristics of this process in mind. Drawing on our previous work with lawyers and reports from experienced
fraud investigators we describe the nature of the cognitive work to be supported. We describe the cognitive work domain in terms of its data characteristics, and develop a model of the sensemaking as basis for discussing a distinction between ‘naturalistic’ and ‘normative’ sensemaking with a particular emphasis on inference types and the potential for bias. We also report results from a questionnaire-based case study designed to elicit memorable
incidents from fraud investigators’ experiences. Given the legal context the case study exemplifies skills and
strategies that are necessary in order to achieve normative and defensible sensemaking under pressure of high volume datasets.

Research GroupAspects of Law and Ethics Related to Technology group
Research Group on Development of Intelligent Environments
ConferenceEuroVAST 2010: The 1st European Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology.
Publication process dates
Deposited04 Jan 2011
Output statusPublished
Copyright Statement

Author's final version of paper given at conference.

LanguageEnglish
File
Permalink -

https://repository.mdx.ac.uk/item/830z1

Log in to edit

Download files

  • 77
    total views
  • 64
    total downloads
  • 11
    views this month
  • 3
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

Designing for learnability: improvement through layered interfaces
Forsey, H., Leahy, D., Fields, B., Minocha, S., Attfield, S. and Snell, T. 2024. Designing for learnability: improvement through layered interfaces. Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications. https://doi.org/10.1177/10648046241273291
A matter of life and death: how the Covid-19 pandemic threw the spotlight on digital financial exclusion in the UK
Hara, S., Whitney, G. and Whitney, L. 2021. A matter of life and death: how the Covid-19 pandemic threw the spotlight on digital financial exclusion in the UK. in: Jahankhani, H., Kendzierskyj, S. and Akhgar, B. (ed.) Information Security Technologies for Controlling Pandemics Springer International Publishing. pp. 65-108
Automated identification of insight seeking behaviours, strategies and rules: a preliminary study
Hepenstal, S., Zhang, L. and Wong, B. 2021. Automated identification of insight seeking behaviours, strategies and rules: a preliminary study. SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.1177/1071181321651348
Developing conversational agents for use in criminal investigations
Hepenstal, S., Zhang, L., Kodagoda, N. and Wong, B. 2021. Developing conversational agents for use in criminal investigations. ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems. 11 (3-4), pp. 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1145/3444369
An interactive human centered data science approach towards crime pattern analysis
Qazi, N. and Wong, B. 2019. An interactive human centered data science approach towards crime pattern analysis. Information Processing and Management. 56 (6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2019.102066
The application of visual analytics to financial stability monitoring
Flood, M., Lemieux, V., Varga, M. and Wong, B. 2016. The application of visual analytics to financial stability monitoring. Journal of Financial Stability. 27, pp. 180-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2016.01.006
Tactile reasoning: hands-on vs. hands-off - what's the difference?
Takken, S. and Wong, B. 2015. Tactile reasoning: hands-on vs. hands-off - what's the difference? Cognition, Technology and Work. 17 (3), pp. 381-390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-015-0331-5
The state of the art in integrating Machine Learning into Visual Analytics
Endert, A., Ribarsky, W., Turkay, C., Wong, B., Nabney, I., Díaz, I. and Rossi, F. 2017. The state of the art in integrating Machine Learning into Visual Analytics. Computer Graphics Forum. 36 (8), pp. 458-486. https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13092
TimeSets: temporal sensemaking in intelligence analysis
Xu, K., Salisu, S., Nguyen, P., Walker, R., Wong, B., Wagstaff, A., Phillips, G. and Biggs, M. 2020. TimeSets: temporal sensemaking in intelligence analysis. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. 40 (3), pp. 83-93. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2020.2981855
IoT and cloud forensic investigation guidelines
Mitchell, I., Hara, S., Ibarra-Jiminez, J., Jahankhani, H. and Montasari, R. 2020. IoT and cloud forensic investigation guidelines. in: Jahankhani, H., Akhgar, B., Cochrane, P. and Dastbaz, M. (ed.) Policing in the Era of AI and Smart Societies Cham, Switzerland Springer. pp. 119-138
dAppER: decentralised application for examination reviews
Mitchell, I., Hara, S. and Sheriff, M. 2019. dAppER: decentralised application for examination reviews. 12th International Conference on Global Security, Safety & Sustainability. Northumbria University London, England 16 - 18 Jan 2019 IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGS3.2019.8688143
Blockchain of custody, BoC
Mitchell, I., Hara, S., Jahankhani, H. and Neilson, D. 2020. Blockchain of custody, BoC. in: Jahankhani, H. (ed.) Cyber Security Practitioner's Guide World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd. pp. 365-397
BMAR - blockchain for medication administration records
Mitchell, I. and Hara, S. 2019. BMAR - blockchain for medication administration records. in: Jahankhani, H., Kendzierskyj, S., Jamal, A., Epiphaniou, G. and Al-Khateeb, H. (ed.) Blockchain and Clinical Trial: Securing Patient Data Cham, Switzerland Springer.
A novel approach to task abstraction to make better sense of provenance data
Bors, C., Attfield, S., Battle, L., Dowling, M., Endert, A., Koch, S., Kulyk, O., Laramee, R., Troy, M. and Wenskovitch, J. 2019. A novel approach to task abstraction to make better sense of provenance data. Fekete, J., T. J., J., Tory, M. and Xu, K. (ed.) Provenance and Logging for Sense Making (Dagstuhl Seminar 18462). Dagstuhl, Germany 11 - 16 Nov 2018 Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik [Society Publisher]. pp. 46-50 https://doi.org/10.4230/DagRep.8.11.35
Patterns of life visualisations for intelligence analysis: exploring animation with POLAR
Attfield, S., Selvaraj, N., Kodagoda, N., Passmore, P. and Duncker-Gassen, E. 2019. Patterns of life visualisations for intelligence analysis: exploring animation with POLAR. 2019 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST). Chennai, India 01 - 03 Oct 2019 IEEE. pp. 1-6 https://doi.org/10.1109/CCST.2019.8888410
A provenance task abstraction framework
Bors, C., Wenskovitch, J., Dowling, M., Attfield, S., Battle, L., Endert, A., Kulyk, O. and Laramee, R. 2019. A provenance task abstraction framework. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. 39 (6), pp. 46-60. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2019.2945720
Providing a foundation for interpretable autonomous agents through elicitation and modeling of criminal investigation pathways
Hepenstal, S., Zhang, L., Kodagoda, N. and Wong, B. 2020. Providing a foundation for interpretable autonomous agents through elicitation and modeling of criminal investigation pathways. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. 64 (1), pp. 239-243. https://doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641057
Pan: conversational agent for criminal investigations
Hepenstal, S., Zhang, L., Kodagoda, N. and Wong, B. 2020. Pan: conversational agent for criminal investigations. IUI '20: 25th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. Cagliari, Italy 17 - 20 Mar 2020 Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). pp. 134-135 https://doi.org/10.1145/3379336.3381463
Study on risks and opportunities of digitalisation for financial inclusion. The perspective of vulnerable users in Estonia, Italy and UK with a focus on groups covered by the European Accessibility Act
Whitney, G., Hara, S. and Whitney, L. 2018. Study on risks and opportunities of digitalisation for financial inclusion. The perspective of vulnerable users in Estonia, Italy and UK with a focus on groups covered by the European Accessibility Act. European Union. https://doi.org/10.2874/447984
Quality audits with Blockchain for healthcare in the UK
Mitchell, I. and Hara, S. 2019. Quality audits with Blockchain for healthcare in the UK. George, C., Whitehouse, D. and Duquenoy, P. (ed.) Health IT Workshop 2019. Middlesex University, London 07 - 08 Nov 2019 pp. 42-43
An approach to human-machine teaming in legal investigations using anchored narrative visualisation and machine learning
Attfield, S., Fields, B., Windridge, D. and Xu, K. 2019. An approach to human-machine teaming in legal investigations using anchored narrative visualisation and machine learning. Conrad, J., Pickens, J., Jones, A., Baron, J. and Henseler, H. (ed.) First International Workshop on AI and Intelligent Assistance for Legal Professionals in the Digital Workplace (LegalAIIA 2019).. Montreal, Canada 17 Jun 2019 CEUR Workshop Proceedings. pp. 7-11
How analysts think: a preliminary study of human needs and demands for AI-based conversational agents
Hepenstal, S., Wong, B., Zhang, L. and Kodagoda, N. 2019. How analysts think: a preliminary study of human needs and demands for AI-based conversational agents. SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631333
Algorithmic transparency of conversational agents
Hepenstal, S., Kodagoda, N., Zhang, L., Paudyal, P. and Wong, B. 2019. Algorithmic transparency of conversational agents. Trattner, C., Parra, D. and Riche, N. (ed.) IUI 2019 Workshop on Intelligent User Interfaces for Algorithmic Transparency in Emerging Technologies. Los Angeles, CA, USA 17 - 20 Mar 2019 CEUR Workshop Proceedings.
Algorithmic opacity: making algorithmic processes transparent through abstraction hierarchy
Paudyal, P. and Wong, B. 2018. Algorithmic opacity: making algorithmic processes transparent through abstraction hierarchy. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. 62 (1), pp. 192-196. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621046
DaP∀ : Deconstruct and Preserve for all: a procedure for the preservation of digital evidence on solid state drives and traditional storage media
Mitchell, I., Ferriera, J., Anandaraja, T. and Hara, S. 2018. DaP∀ : Deconstruct and Preserve for all: a procedure for the preservation of digital evidence on solid state drives and traditional storage media. in: Jahankhani, H. (ed.) Cyber Criminology Cham, Switzerland Springer. pp. 275-281
SMERF: Social Media, Ethics and Risk Framework
Mitchell, I., Cockerton, T., Hara, S. and Evans, C. 2018. SMERF: Social Media, Ethics and Risk Framework. in: Jahankhani, H. (ed.) Cyber Criminology Cham, Switzerland Springer. pp. 203-225
Sense-making strategies in explorative intelligence analysis of network evolutions
Doppler Haider, J., Gastecker, B., Pohl, M., Seidler, P., Kodagoda, N. and Wong, B. 2019. Sense-making strategies in explorative intelligence analysis of network evolutions. Behaviour and Information Technology. 38 (2), pp. 198-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2018.1519036
Criminal pattern identification based on modified K-means clustering
Aljrees, T., Shi, D., Windridge, D. and Wong, B. 2016. Criminal pattern identification based on modified K-means clustering. 2016 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC). 2, pp. 799-806. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMLC.2016.7872990
Uncertainty of visualizations for SenseMaking in criminal intelligence analysis
Islam, J., Xu, K. and Wong, B. 2018. Uncertainty of visualizations for SenseMaking in criminal intelligence analysis. EuroRV3: EuroVis Workshop on Reproducibility, Verification, and Validation in Visualization (2018). Brno, Czech Republic 04 - 08 Jun 2018 Eurographics Association. pp. 25-29 https://doi.org/10.2312/eurorv3.20181145
Analytic provenance as constructs of behavioural markers for externalizing thinking processes in criminal intelligence analysis
Islam, J., Wong, B. and Xu, K. 2018. Analytic provenance as constructs of behavioural markers for externalizing thinking processes in criminal intelligence analysis. in: Leventakis, G. and Haberfeld, M. (ed.) Community-Oriented Policing and Technological Innovations Springer. pp. 95-105
Analytic provenance for criminal intelligence analysis
Islam, J., Xu, K. and Wong, B. 2018. Analytic provenance for criminal intelligence analysis. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security. 4 (2), pp. 18-33. https://doi.org/10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2018016
How can we design tactile interactive software for argument construction in criminal intelligence analysis?
Groenewald, C., Wong, B., Attfield, S., Passmore, P. and Kodagoda, N. 2017. How can we design tactile interactive software for argument construction in criminal intelligence analysis? Gore, J. and Ward, P. (ed.) 13th Bi-annual International Conference on Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM13). University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom 20 - 23 Jun 2017 The University of Bath. pp. 322-328
How analysts think: how do criminal intelligence analysts recognise and manage significant information?
Groenewald, C., Wong, B., Attfield, S., Passmore, P. and Kodagoda, N. 2017. How analysts think: how do criminal intelligence analysts recognise and manage significant information? 2017 European Intelligence and Security Informatics Conference (EISIC 2017). Athens, Greece 11 - 13 Sep 2017 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). pp. 47-53 https://doi.org/10.1109/EISIC.2017.15
How analysts think: navigating uncertainty – aspirations, considerations and strategies
Groenewald, C., Wong, B., Attfield, S., Passmore, P. and Kodagoda, N. 2017. How analysts think: navigating uncertainty – aspirations, considerations and strategies. Gore, J. and Ward, P. (ed.) 13th Bi-annual International Conference on Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM13). University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom 20 - 23 Jun 2017 The University of Bath. pp. 56-64
Using machine learning to infer reasoning provenance from user interaction log data: based on the data/frame theory of sensemaking
Kodagoda, N., Pontis, S., Simmie, D., Attfield, S., Wong, B., Blandford, A. and Hankin, C. 2017. Using machine learning to infer reasoning provenance from user interaction log data: based on the data/frame theory of sensemaking. Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making. 11 (1), pp. 23-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/1555343416672782
How analysts think: think-steps as a tool for structuring sensemaking in criminal intelligence analysis
Selvaraj, N., Attfield, S., Passmore, P. and Wong, B. 2016. How analysts think: think-steps as a tool for structuring sensemaking in criminal intelligence analysis. 2016 European Intelligence and Security Informatics Conference (EISIC). Uppsala, Sweden 17 - 19 Aug 2016 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). pp. 68-75 https://doi.org/10.1109/EISIC.2016.019
Towards an approach for analysing external representations created during sensemaking using generative grammar
Okoro, E. and Attfield, S. 2016. Towards an approach for analysing external representations created during sensemaking using generative grammar. 30th International BCS Human Computer Interaction Conference (HCI 2016). Bournemouth University, Poole, UK 11 - 15 Jul 2016 BCS Learning and Development. pp. 1-9 https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2016.31
Behavioural markers: bridging the gap between art of analysis and science of analytics in criminal intelligence
Islam, J. and Wong, B. 2017. Behavioural markers: bridging the gap between art of analysis and science of analytics in criminal intelligence. 2017 European Intelligence and Security Informatics Conference. Dekelia Air Base, Attica, Greece 11 - 13 Sep 2017 IEEE. pp. 147-150 https://doi.org/10.1109/EISIC.2017.30
An international survey of practitioner's views on personas: benefits, resource demands and pitfalls
Bashir, E. and Attfield, S. 2018. An international survey of practitioner's views on personas: benefits, resource demands and pitfalls. International Journal on Advances in Software. 11 (3&4), pp. 299-310.
A resources model for distributed sensemaking
Attfield, S., Fields, B. and Baber, C. 2018. A resources model for distributed sensemaking. Cognition, Technology and Work. 20 (4), pp. 651-664. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-018-0529-4
Towards an instrument for measuring sensemaking and an assessment of its theoretical features
Alsufiani, K., Attfield, S. and Zhang, L. 2018. Towards an instrument for measuring sensemaking and an assessment of its theoretical features. 4th International Conference on Emerging Research Paradigms in Business and Social Sciences. Dubai, UAE 16 - 18 Jan 2018
Enhancing curricular with state-of-practice research: interaction design and user experience
Bashir, E. and Attfield, S. 2018. Enhancing curricular with state-of-practice research: interaction design and user experience. 4th International Conference on Emerging Research Paradigms in Business and Social Sciences. Dubai, UAE 16 - 18 Jan 2018
How analysts think: sense-making strategies in the analysis of temporal evolution and criminal network structures and activities
Haider, J., Seidler, P., Pohl, M., Kodagoda, N., Adderley, R. and Wong, B. 2017. How analysts think: sense-making strategies in the analysis of temporal evolution and criminal network structures and activities. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. 61 (1), pp. 193-197. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601532
Risk map as a library management information dashboard: a case study in adapting a configural display
Wong, B. and Gulden, J. 2017. Risk map as a library management information dashboard: a case study in adapting a configural display. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. 61 (1), pp. 287-291. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601553
Understanding 3D mid-air hand gestures with interactive surfaces and displays: a systematic literature review
Groenewald, C., Anslow, C., Islam, J., Rooney, C., Passmore, P. and Wong, B. 2016. Understanding 3D mid-air hand gestures with interactive surfaces and displays: a systematic literature review. HCI 2016 - Fusion! 30th International BCS Human Computer Interaction Conference (HCI 2016). Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom 11 - 15 Jul 2016 British Computer Society. pp. 1-13 https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2016.43
Addressing VAST 2016 mini challenge 2 with POLAR kermode, classifier, excel on a power wall and data timelines
Attfield, S., Hewitt, D., Xu, K., Passmore, P., Wagstaff, A., Phillips, G., Windridge, D., Dash, G., Chapman, R. and Mason, L. 2016. Addressing VAST 2016 mini challenge 2 with POLAR kermode, classifier, excel on a power wall and data timelines. IEEE VAST Challenge 2016. Baltimore, MD, USA 23 Oct 2016
Interaction log and provenance for sensemaking
Nguyen, P., Xu, K. and Wong, B. 2016. Interaction log and provenance for sensemaking. LIVVIL: Logging Interactive Visualizations & Visualizing Interaction Logs. Baltimore, MD, USA 23 Oct 2016 pp. 5-8
Elaborating the frames of data-frame theory
Attfield, S. and Baber, C. 2017. Elaborating the frames of data-frame theory. Gore, J. and Ward, P. (ed.) 13th Bi-annual International Conference on Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM13). University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom 20 - 23 Jun 2017 The University of Bath. pp. 25-32
Supporting the externalisation of thinking in criminal intelligence analysis
Passmore, P., Attfield, S., Kodagoda, N., Groenewald, C. and Wong, B. 2015. Supporting the externalisation of thinking in criminal intelligence analysis. European Intelligence and Security Informatics Conference (EISIC) 2015. Manchester, United Kingdom 07 - 09 Sep 2015 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). pp. 16-23 https://doi.org/10.1109/EISIC.2015.35
SenseMap: supporting browser-based online sensemaking through analytic provenance
Nguyen, P., Xu, K., Bardill, A., Salman, B., Herd, K. and Wong, B. 2016. SenseMap: supporting browser-based online sensemaking through analytic provenance. VIS 2016: IEEE Visualization Conference. Baltimore, Maryland, USA 23 - 28 Oct 2016 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). pp. 91-100 https://doi.org/10.1109/vast.2016.7883515
Associative search through formal concept analysis in criminal intelligence analysis
Qazi, N., Wong, B., Kodagoda, N. and Rick, A. 2016. Associative search through formal concept analysis in criminal intelligence analysis. IEEE SMC 2016: International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. Budapest, Hungry 09 - 12 Oct 2016 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). pp. 1917-1922 https://doi.org/10.1109/SMC.2016.7844519
State of the art in computer forensic education-a review of computer forensic programmes in the UK, Europe and US
Dafoulas, G., Neilson, D. and Hara, S. 2017. State of the art in computer forensic education-a review of computer forensic programmes in the UK, Europe and US. 1st International Conference on New Trends in Computing Sciences. Amman, Jordan 11 - 13 Oct 2017 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. pp. 144-154 https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTCS.2017.65
A practical, hybrid argumentation model to assist with the formulation of defensible assessments in uncertain sense-making environments
Groenewald, C., Attfield, S., Passmore, P., Wong, B. and Kodagoda, N. 2017. A practical, hybrid argumentation model to assist with the formulation of defensible assessments in uncertain sense-making environments. 2017 International Conference Next Generation Community Policing. Heraklion, Crete, Greece 25 - 27 Oct 2017
Towards an instrument for measuring sensemaking and an assessment of its theoretical features
Alsufiani, K., Attfield, S. and Zhang, L. 2017. Towards an instrument for measuring sensemaking and an assessment of its theoretical features. 31st International BCS Human Computer Interaction Conference (HCI 2017) - Digital Make-Believe. Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, UK. 03 - 06 Jul 2017 British Computer Society. pp. 1-5 https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2017.86
Bitcoin forensics: a tutorial
Neilson, D., Hara, S. and Mitchell, I. 2017. Bitcoin forensics: a tutorial. Jahankhani, H., Carlile, A., Emm, D., Hosseinian-Far, A., Brown, G., Sexton, G. and Jamal, A. (ed.) 11th International Conference on Global Security, Safety and Sustainability. London, UK 18 - 20 Jan 2017 Cham Springer. pp. 12-26 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51064-4_2
Deconstruct and preserve (DaP): a method for the preservation of digital evidence on solid state drives (SSD)
Mitchell, I., Anandaraja, T., Hara, S., Hadzhinenov, G. and Neilson, D. 2017. Deconstruct and preserve (DaP): a method for the preservation of digital evidence on solid state drives (SSD). Jahankhani, H., Carlile, A., Emm, D., Hosseinian-Far, A., Brown, G., Sexton, G. and Jamal, A. (ed.) 11th International Conference on Global Security, Safety and Sustainability. London, UK 18 - 20 Jan 2017 Cham Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51064-4_1
Semantic based image retrieval through combined classifiers of deep neural network and wavelet decomposition of image signal
Qazi, N. and Wong, B. 2016. Semantic based image retrieval through combined classifiers of deep neural network and wavelet decomposition of image signal. 9th IEEE EUROSIM Congress on Modelling and Simulation (EUROSIM). Oulu, Finland 12 - 16 Sep 2016 pp. 1-6 https://doi.org/10.1109/EUROSIM.2016.141
The role of expertise in dynamic risk assessment: a reflection of the problem-solving strategies used by experienced fireground commanders
Okoli, J., Watt, J., Weller, G. and Wong, B. 2016. The role of expertise in dynamic risk assessment: a reflection of the problem-solving strategies used by experienced fireground commanders. Risk Management. 18 (1), pp. 4-25. https://doi.org/10.1057/rm.2015.20
Criminal pattern identification based on modified K-means clustering
Aljrees, T., Shi, D., Windridge, D. and Wong, B. 2016. Criminal pattern identification based on modified K-means clustering. 2016 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics. Jeju, South Korea 10 - 13 Jul 2016 IEEE. pp. 799-806 https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMLC.2016.7872990
Spherical similarity explorer for comparative case analysis
Zhang, L., Rooney, C., Nachmanson, L., Wong, B., Kwon, B., Stoffel, F., Hund, M. and Qazi, N. 2016. Spherical similarity explorer for comparative case analysis. IS&T Electronic Imaging 2016 Conference on Visualization and Data Analysis 2016. San Francisco, CA, USA 16 - 18 Feb 2016 Society for Imaging Science and Technology. pp. 1-10 https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2016.1.VDA-496
Towards analytical provenance visualization for criminal intelligence analysis
Islam, J., Anslow, C., Xu, K., Wong, B. and Zhang, L. 2016. Towards analytical provenance visualization for criminal intelligence analysis. Computer Graphics & Visual Computing (CGVC) 2016. Bournemouth University, United Kingdom 15 - 16 Sep 2016 The Eurographics Association. pp. 17-24 https://doi.org/10.2312/cgvc.20161290
Developing a model of distributed sensemaking: a case study of military analysis
Wheat, A., Attfield, S. and Fields, B. 2016. Developing a model of distributed sensemaking: a case study of military analysis. Informatics. 3 (1). https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics3010001
SensePath: understanding the sensemaking process through analytic provenance
Nguyen, P., Xu, K., Wheat, A., Wong, B., Attfield, S. and Fields, B. 2016. SensePath: understanding the sensemaking process through analytic provenance. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. 22 (1), pp. 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2015.2467611
Common ground in collaborative intelligence analysis: an empirical study
Laurence, S., Fields, B. and Attfield, S. 2016. Common ground in collaborative intelligence analysis: an empirical study. 30th International BCS Human Computer Interaction Conference (HCI 2016). Bournemouth University, Poole, UK 11 - 15 Jul 2016 British Computer Society (BCS) Learning and Development Ltd.. pp. 1-11 https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/HCI2016.30
TimeSets: timeline visualization with set relations
Nguyen, P., Xu, K., Walker, R. and Wong, B. 2016. TimeSets: timeline visualization with set relations. Information Visualization. 15 (3), pp. 253-269. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473871615605347
Collaborative sense-making during simulated intelligence analysis exercises
Baber, C., Attfield, S., Conway, G., Rooney, C. and Kodagoda, N. 2016. Collaborative sense-making during simulated intelligence analysis exercises. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 86, pp. 94-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2015.10.001
Computer forensics: challenges to evidential integrity
Mitchell, I. and Hara, S. 2014. Computer forensics: challenges to evidential integrity. in: Jennions, I. (ed.) Integrated vehicle health management: implementation and lessons learned Warrendale, PA, USA SAE International.
Keeping up with the law: investigating lawyers’ monitoring behaviour
Ellis, S., Makri, S. and Attfield, S. 2014. Keeping up with the law: investigating lawyers’ monitoring behaviour. New Library World. 115 (7/8), pp. 292-313. https://doi.org/10.1108/NLW-03-2014-0023
How military intelligence personnel collaborate on a sense-making exercise
Baber, C., Conway, G., Attfield, S., Rooney, C., Kodagoda, N. and Walker, R. 2015. How military intelligence personnel collaborate on a sense-making exercise. 12th International Conference on Naturalistic Decision Making. McLean, Virginia, USA 09 - 12 Jun 2015
Distributed sensemaking: a case study of military analysis
Attfield, S., Fields, B., Wheat, A., Hutton, R., Nixon, J., Leggatt, A. and Blackford, H. 2015. Distributed sensemaking: a case study of military analysis. 12th International Conference on Naturalistic Decision Making. McLean, Virginia, USA 09 - 12 Jun 2015
How analysts think: inference making strategies
Wong, B. and Kodagoda, N. 2015. How analysts think: inference making strategies. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 59th International Annual Meeting, 2015. Los Angeles, California, USA 26 - 30 Oct 2015 pp. 269-273 https://doi.org/10.1177/1541931215591055
Exploring the challenges of implementing guidelines for the design of visual analytics systems
Haider, J., Pohl, M., Hillemann, E., Nussbaumer, A., Attfield, S., Passmore, P. and Wong, B. 2015. Exploring the challenges of implementing guidelines for the design of visual analytics systems. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2015 ​59th International Annual Meeting. Los Angeles, California, USA 26 - 30 Oct 2015 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. pp. 259-263 https://doi.org/10.1177/1541931215591053
SchemaLine: timeline visualization for sensemaking
Nguyen, P., Xu, K., Walker, R. and Wong, B. 2014. SchemaLine: timeline visualization for sensemaking. 18th International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV). pp. 225-233
Business process models for visually navigating process execution data
Gulden, J. and Attfield, S. 2015. Business process models for visually navigating process execution data. 4th International Workshop on Theory and Application of Visualizations and Human-centric Aspects in Processes (TAProViz2015). Innsbruck, Austria 31 Aug 2015
Analytic provenance for sensemaking: a research agenda
Xu, K., Attfield, S., Jankun-Kelly, T., Wheat, A., Nguyen, P. and Selvaraj, N. 2015. Analytic provenance for sensemaking: a research agenda. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. 35 (3), pp. 56-64. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2015.50
eFRIEND: an ethical framework for intelligent environments development
Jones, S., Hara, S. and Augusto, J. 2015. eFRIEND: an ethical framework for intelligent environments development. Ethics and Information Technology. 17 (1), pp. 11-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-014-9358-1
External representation of provenance in intelligence analysis
Wheat, A., Attfield, S. and Fields, B. 2014. External representation of provenance in intelligence analysis. Provenance for Sensemaking IEEE VIS 2014 Workshop. Paris, France 10 Nov 2014
Information seeking, gathering and review: journalism as a case study for the design of search and authoring systems
Attfield, S. 2005. Information seeking, gathering and review: journalism as a case study for the design of search and authoring systems. PhD thesis University of London Computing
TimeSets: timeline visualization for sensemaking
Nguyen, P., Xu, K., Walker, R. and Wong, B. 2014. TimeSets: timeline visualization for sensemaking. IEEE VIS Workshop on Provenance for Sensemaking. Paris, France 10 Nov 2014
POLAR - an interactive patterns of life visualisation tool for intelligence analysis
Kodagoda, N., Attfield, S., Nguyen, P., Zhang, L., Xu, K., Wong, B., Wagstaff, A., Phillips, G., Bulloch, J., Marshall, J. and Bertram, S. 2014. POLAR - an interactive patterns of life visualisation tool for intelligence analysis. IEEE Joint Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics Conference. The Hague, Netherlands Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. pp. 327
eFRIEND: an ethical framework for intelligent environment development
Jones, S., Augusto, J. and Hara, S. 2014. eFRIEND: an ethical framework for intelligent environment development. The 7th ACM International Conference on Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments: PETRA 2014. Rhodes, Greece 27 - 30 May 2014 Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). https://doi.org/10.1145/2674396.2674410
VALCRI: addressing European needs for information exploitation of large complex data in criminal intelligence analysis
Wong, B., Zhang, L. and Shepherd, I. 2014. VALCRI: addressing European needs for information exploitation of large complex data in criminal intelligence analysis. European Data Forum 2014. Athens, Greece 19 - 20 Mar 2014
INVISQUE as a tool for intelligence analysis: the construction of explanatory narratives
Rooney, C., Attfield, S., Wong, B. and Choudhury, S. 2014. INVISQUE as a tool for intelligence analysis: the construction of explanatory narratives. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. 30 (9), pp. 703-717. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2014.905422
User behaviour: searching for scholarly material using electronic resource discovery systems
Stelmaszewska, H., Wong, B., Bhimani, N. and Barn, B. 2010. User behaviour: searching for scholarly material using electronic resource discovery systems. in: BCS '10 Proceedings of the 24th BCS Interaction Specialist Group Conference British Computer Society. pp. 17-26
Information seeking and use by newspaper journalists
Attfield, S. and Dowell, J. 2003. Information seeking and use by newspaper journalists. Journal of Documentation. 59 (2), pp. 187-204. https://doi.org/10.1108/00220410310463860
Information seeking in the context of writing: a design psychology interpretation of the ‘problematic situation’
Attfield, S., Blandford, A. and Dowell, J. 2003. Information seeking in the context of writing: a design psychology interpretation of the ‘problematic situation’. Journal of Documentation. 59 (4), pp. 430-453. https://doi.org/10.1108/00220410310485712
Task embedded visualisation: the design for an Interactive IR results display for journalists
Attfield, S., Blandford, A. and Craft, B. 2004. Task embedded visualisation: the design for an Interactive IR results display for journalists. in: Proceedings of eighth international conference on information visualisation, 2004 Los Alamitos, USA IEEE Computer Society. pp. 650-655
Have digital resources taken a wrong turn on the health ‘information journey’?
Adams, A., Attfield, S. and Blandford, A. 2004. Have digital resources taken a wrong turn on the health ‘information journey’? in: Proceedings of the 2nd healthcare digital libraries workshop ECDL.
Patient information needs: before and after doctor consultations
Attfield, S. and Adams, A. 2005. Patient information needs: before and after doctor consultations. in: Proceedings of the healthcare digital libraries workshop ECDL.
Exploring the effects of introducing real-time simulation on collaborative urban design in augmented reality
Attfield, S., Mottram, C., Fatah gen. Schieck, A., Blandford, A. and Penn, A. 2005. Exploring the effects of introducing real-time simulation on collaborative urban design in augmented reality. in: Gero, J. and Bonnardel, L. (ed.) Studying designers '05 Sydney, Australia Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition, University of Sydney. pp. 369-374
Implementing digital resources for clinicians' and patients' varying needs
Adams, A., Blandford, A. and Attfield, S. 2005. Implementing digital resources for clinicians' and patients' varying needs. Informatics for Health and Social Care. 30 (2), pp. 107-122. https://doi.org/10.1080/14639230500298875
Interactive space generation through play: exploring the role of simulation on the design table
Fatah gen. Schieck, A., Penn, A., Mottram, C., Strothmann, A., Ohlenburg, J., Broll, W., Aish, F. and Attfield, S. 2005. Interactive space generation through play: exploring the role of simulation on the design table. International Journal of Architectural Computing. 3 (1), pp. 3-26. https://doi.org/10.1260/1478077053739612
Patient information needs: pre- and post-consultation
Attfield, S., Adams, A. and Blandford, A. 2006. Patient information needs: pre- and post-consultation. Health Informatics Journal. 12 (2), pp. 165-177. https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458206063811
Sensemaking in a large-scale corporate fraud investigation: some problems of communication
Attfield, S. and Blandford, A. 2007. Sensemaking in a large-scale corporate fraud investigation: some problems of communication. 24th Annual HCIL Symposium. Maryland, MD, USA 31 May - 01 Jun 2007
Sensemaking in a large-scale corporate fraud investigation: the challenge of communication
Attfield, S. and Blandford, A. 2007. Sensemaking in a large-scale corporate fraud investigation: the challenge of communication. DESI Workshop. Palo Alto, CA, USA 04 Jun 2007
Investigations within investigations: a recursive framework for scalable sensemaking support
Attfield, S., Blandford, A. and De Gabrielle, S. 2008. Investigations within investigations: a recursive framework for scalable sensemaking support. CHI 2008. Florence, Italy 05 - 10 Apr 2008
E-disclosure viewed as ‘Sensemaking’ with computers: the challenge of ‘frames’
Attfield, S. and Blandford, A. 2008. E-disclosure viewed as ‘Sensemaking’ with computers: the challenge of ‘frames’. in: Digital evidence and electronic signature law review Bedfordshire, UK Pario Communicaitons Limited.
The PRET A Rapporter framework: evaluating digital libraries from the perspective of information work
Blandford, A., Adams, A., Attfield, S., Buchanan, G., Gow, J., Makri, S., Rimmer, J. and Warwick, C. 2008. The PRET A Rapporter framework: evaluating digital libraries from the perspective of information work. Information Processing and Management. 44 (1), pp. 4-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2007.01.021
Exploring the importance of reflection in the control room
Back, J., Furniss, D., Attfield, S., Hassard, S. and Blandford, A. 2009. Exploring the importance of reflection in the control room. CHI 2009 Workshop on Designing for Reflection on Experience. Boston, MA, USA 04 Apr 2009
A classification of sensemaking representations
Faisal, S., Attfield, S. and Blandford, A. 2009. A classification of sensemaking representations. CHI 2009 Workshop on Sensemaking. Boston, MA, USA 04 - 05 Apr 2009
Where light in darkness lies: preservation, access and sensemaking strategies for the modern digital archive
Baron, J. and Attfield, S. Where light in darkness lies: preservation, access and sensemaking strategies for the modern digital archive. The Memory of the World in the Digital Age: Digitization and Preservation. Vancouver, BC, Canada 26 - 28 Sep 2012
Using digital technology to enhance and enrich visitor experience in exhibition spaces
Wheat, A., Attfield, S., Loureiro, R. and Fusco-Fagg, I. Using digital technology to enhance and enrich visitor experience in exhibition spaces. CHArt 28th Annual Conference. London, UK 15 - 16 Nov 2012
The loneliness of the long-distance document reviewer: e-discovery and cognitive ergonomics
Attfield, S., De Gabrielle, S. and Blandford, A. The loneliness of the long-distance document reviewer: e-discovery and cognitive ergonomics. DESI III Global E-Discovery/E-Disclosure Workshop: A Pre- Conference Workshop at the 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law (ICAIL 2009). Barcelona, Spain 08 Jun 2009
Idea generation and material consolidation: tool use and intermediate artefacts in journalistic writing
Attfield, S., Fegan, S. and Blandford, A. 2009. Idea generation and material consolidation: tool use and intermediate artefacts in journalistic writing. Cognition, Technology and Work. 11 (3), pp. 227-239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-008-0111-6
The centrality of user modeling to high recall with high precision search
Brassil, D., Hogan, C. and Attfield, S. 2009. The centrality of user modeling to high recall with high precision search. in: IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2009 IEEE. pp. 91-96
Exploring sensemaking through an Intelligence Analysis exercise
Baber, C., Attfield, S., Wong, B. and Rooney, C. 2013. Exploring sensemaking through an Intelligence Analysis exercise. in: Chaudet, H., Pellegrin, L. and Bonnardel, N. (ed.) Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Naturalistic Decision Making Paris Arpege Science Publishing. pp. 125-131
Conceptual design for sensemaking
Blandford, A., Faisal, S. and Attfield, S. 2014. Conceptual design for sensemaking. in: Huang, W. (ed.) Handbook of human centric visualization New York Springer. pp. 253-283
Predictive coding, storytelling and god: narrative understanding in e-discovery
Chapin, L., Attfield, S. and Okoro, E. Predictive coding, storytelling and god: narrative understanding in e-discovery. DESI V Workshop. Rome, Italy 14 Jun 2013 WileyBlackwell.
An extensible framework for provenance in human terrain visual analytics
Walker, R., Slingsby, A., Dykes, J., Xu, K., Wood, J., Nguyen, P., Stephens, D., Wong, B. and Zheng, Y. 2013. An extensible framework for provenance in human terrain visual analytics. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. 19 (12), pp. 2139-2148. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2013.132
Concern level assessment: building domain knowledge into a visual system to support network-security situation awareness
Kodagoda, N., Attfield, S., Choudhury, S., Rooney, C., Mapp, G., Nguyen, P., Slabbert, L., Wong, B., Aiash, M., Zheng, Y., Xu, K. and Lasebae, A. 2014. Concern level assessment: building domain knowledge into a visual system to support network-security situation awareness. Information Visualization. 13 (4), pp. 346-360. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473871613490291
Effects of low & high literacy on user performance in information search and retrieval
Kodagoda, N. and Wong, B. 2008. Effects of low & high literacy on user performance in information search and retrieval. in: Beale, R. and England, D. (ed.) Proceedings of the 22nd British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: Culture, Creativity, Interaction British Computer Society (BCS) Learning and Development Ltd..
Radio dispatchers' interruption recovery strategies
Mancero, G., Wong, B. and Loomes, M. 2009. Radio dispatchers' interruption recovery strategies. in: Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group on Design: Open 24/7 - OZCHI '09 New York Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). pp. 113-120
Variable uncertainty: scenario design for training adaptive and flexible skills
Field, J., Rankin, A., Van der Pal, J., Eriksson, H. and Wong, B. 2011. Variable uncertainty: scenario design for training adaptive and flexible skills. in: Proceedings of the 29th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics - ECCE '11 New York Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). pp. 27-34
Uncertainty-tolerant design: evaluating task performance and drag-and-link information gathering for a news-writing task
Attfield, S., Blandford, A., Dowell, J. and Cairns, P. 2008. Uncertainty-tolerant design: evaluating task performance and drag-and-link information gathering for a news-writing task. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 66 (6), pp. 410-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2007.12.001
Trialling the SMART approach: identifying and assessing sense-making
Wong, B., Kodagoda, N., Rooney, C., Attfield, S. and Choudhury, S. 2013. Trialling the SMART approach: identifying and assessing sense-making. 2013 International Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. San Diego, CA, USA 30 Sep - 04 Oct 2013
Relative position vectors: an alternative approach to conflict detection in air traffic control
Vuckovic, A., Sanderson, P., Neal, A., Gaukrodger, S. and Wong, B. 2013. Relative position vectors: an alternative approach to conflict detection in air traffic control. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. 55 (5), pp. 946-964. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720813481803
Interactive visualization for low literacy users: from lessons learnt to design
Kodagoda, N., Wong, B., Rooney, C. and Khan, N. 2012. Interactive visualization for low literacy users: from lessons learnt to design. CHI '12 Proceedings of the 2012 ACM annual conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). pp. 1159-1168 https://doi.org/10.1145/2207676.2208565
Interacting with Information.
Blandford, A. and Attfield, S. 2010. Interacting with Information. Synthesis Lectures on Human-Centered Informatics. 3 (1), pp. 1-99. https://doi.org/10.2200/S00227ED1V01Y200911HCI006
Towards a science of user engagement.
Attfield, S., Kazai, G., Lalmas, M. and Piwowarski, B. 2011. Towards a science of user engagement. UMWA 2011: Workshop on User Modelling for Web Applications. Hong Kong, China 09 - 12 Feb 2011
Information seeking behaviour model as a theoretical lens: high and low literate users behaviour process analysed.
Kodagoda, N., Wong, B. and Khan, N. 2010. Information seeking behaviour model as a theoretical lens: high and low literate users behaviour process analysed. in: ECCE '10: Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). pp. 117-124
Open-­card sort to explain why low-literate users abandon their web searches early.
Kodagoda, N., Wong, B. and Khan, N. 2010. Open-­card sort to explain why low-literate users abandon their web searches early. in: BCS'10: Proceedings of the 24th BCS Interaction Specialist Group Conference. British Computer Society. pp. 433-442
When enough is enough: time-restricted sensemaking in underground railway control
Attfield, S., Pagnacco, F. and Benedyk, R. 2011. When enough is enough: time-restricted sensemaking in underground railway control. 10th International Conference on Naturalistic Decision Making. Orlando, FL, USA 31 May - 03 Jun 2011
Evaluating the information behaviour methods: formative evaluations of two methods for assessing the functionality and usability of electronic information resources
Makri, S., Blandford, A., Cox, A., Attfield, S. and Warwick, C. 2011. Evaluating the information behaviour methods: formative evaluations of two methods for assessing the functionality and usability of electronic information resources. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 69 (7-8), pp. 455-482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2011.04.004
Provenance for intelligence analysis using visual analytics.
Wong, B., Xu, K. and Attfield, S. 2011. Provenance for intelligence analysis using visual analytics. CHI 2011: Workshop on Analytic Provenance. Vancouver, BC, Canada 07 - 08 May 2011
Interactive visualization for information analysis in medical diagnosis
Wong, B., Xu, K. and Holzinger, A. 2011. Interactive visualization for information analysis in medical diagnosis. Workshop on Human-Computer Interaction & Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (HCI-KDD). Graz, Austria 24 Nov 2011
INVISQUE: Intuitive information exploration through interactive visualization
Wong, B., Chen, R., Kodagoda, N., Rooney, C. and Xu, K. 2011. INVISQUE: Intuitive information exploration through interactive visualization. The ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Vancouver, BC, Canada 07 - 12 May 2011
M-Sieve: a visualisation tool for supporting network security analysts
Choudhury, S., Kodagoda, N., Nguyen, P., Rooney, C., Attfield, S., Xu, K., Zheng, Y., Wong, B., Chen, R., Mapp, G., Slabbert, L., Aiash, M. and Lasebae, A. 2012. M-Sieve: a visualisation tool for supporting network security analysts. VisWeek 2012. Seattle, WA, USA 14 - 19 Oct 2012
Team Sensemaking Assessment Method (TSAM): an inspection method for evaluating collaborative analysis technologies
Hutton, R., Attfield, S., Wiggins, S., McGuinness, B. and Wong, B. 2012. Team Sensemaking Assessment Method (TSAM): an inspection method for evaluating collaborative analysis technologies. Anderson, M. (ed.) International conference on Ergonomics and Human Factors 2012. Blackpool, England, UK 16 - 19 Apr 2012 CRC Press. pp. 419-420
Middlesex University’s Invisque visual analytics tool: supported by text analytics techniques from the University of Leeds
Choudhury, S., Brierley, C., Rooney, C., Xu, K., Chen, R., Wong, B. and Atwell, E. 2011. Middlesex University’s Invisque visual analytics tool: supported by text analytics techniques from the University of Leeds. IEEE VAST Challenge 2011. Providence, Rhode Island, USA 23 - 28 Oct 2011
INVISQUE: Technology and methodologies for interactive information visualization and analytics in large library collections
Wong, B., Choudhury, S., Rooney, C., Chen, R. and Xu, K. 2011. INVISQUE: Technology and methodologies for interactive information visualization and analytics in large library collections. Gradmann, S., Borri, F., Meghini, C. and Schuldt, H. (ed.) Springer.
Tactile reasoning and adaptive architecture for intelligence sense-making
Wong, B., Choudhury, S. and North Atlantic Treaty Organization 2011. Tactile reasoning and adaptive architecture for intelligence sense-making. Symposium on "Emerged/Emerging "Disruptive" Technologies (E2DT)". Madrid, Spain 09 - 10 May 2011
Prioritisation, resources and search terms: a study of decision-making at the virtual reference desk.
Attfield, S., Makri, S., Kalbach, J., Blandford, A., De Gabrielle, S. and Edwards, M. 2008. Prioritisation, resources and search terms: a study of decision-making at the virtual reference desk. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87599-4_12
Improving the cost structure of sensemaking: analysing user concepts to inform information systems design
Attfield, S. and Blandford, A. 2009. Improving the cost structure of sensemaking: analysing user concepts to inform information systems design. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 5726. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03655-2_60
Electronic resource discovery systems: from user behaviour to design.
Stelmaszewska, H., Wong, B., Attfield, S. and Chen, R. 2010. Electronic resource discovery systems: from user behaviour to design. in: Hvannberg, E., Larusdottir, M., Blandford, A. and Gulliksen, J. (ed.) NordiCHI '10 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). pp. 483-492
Discovery-led refinement in e-discovery investigations: sensemaking, cognitive ergonomics and system design.
Attfield, S. and Blandford, A. 2010. Discovery-led refinement in e-discovery investigations: sensemaking, cognitive ergonomics and system design. Artificial Intelligence and Law. 18 (4), pp. 387-412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-010-9091-y
Conceptual misfits in email-based current awareness interaction
Attfield, S. and Blandford, A. 2010. Conceptual misfits in email-based current awareness interaction. Journal of Documentation. 67 (1), pp. 33-55. https://doi.org/10.1108/00220411111105443
Making sense of digital footprints in team-based legal investigations: the acquisition of focus
Attfield, S. and Blandford, A. 2011. Making sense of digital footprints in team-based legal investigations: the acquisition of focus. Human Computer Interaction. 26 (1-2), pp. 38-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370024.2011.556548
Change blindness and situation awareness in a police C2 environment.
Mancero, G., Wong, B. and Loomes, M. 2009. Change blindness and situation awareness in a police C2 environment. in: Norros, L. (ed.) ECCE 2009 - European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics: designing beyond the product: understanding activity and user experience in ubiquitous environments. Vuorimiehentie VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland.
Behaviour characteristics: low and high literacy users information seeking on social service websites.
Kodagoda, N., Wong, B. and Khan, N. 2009. Behaviour characteristics: low and high literacy users information seeking on social service websites. in: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference NZ Chapter of the ACM's Special Interest Group on Human-Computer Interaction. New York Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). pp. 13-16
Overview of behaviour characteristics of high and low literacy users: information seeking of an online social service system
Kodagoda, N., Wong, B. and Khan, N. 2009. Overview of behaviour characteristics of high and low literacy users: information seeking of an online social service system. in: Gross, T., Gulliksen, J., Kotzé, P., Oestreicher, L., Palanque, P., Prates, R. and Winckler, M. (ed.) Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2009: 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference, Uppsala, Sweden, August 24-28, 2009, Proceedigns Part I Springer.
Social and interactional practices for disseminating current awareness information in an organisational setting.
Attfield, S., Blandford, A. and Makri, S. 2010. Social and interactional practices for disseminating current awareness information in an organisational setting. Information Processing and Management. 46 (6), pp. 632-645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2009.10.003
Identifying expertise for CAL program development in operative dentistry
Wong, B., Ng, B. and Clark, S. 2000. Identifying expertise for CAL program development in operative dentistry. Journal of dentistry.
Assessing the effectiveness of animation and virtual reality in teaching operative dentistry
Wong, B., Ng, B. and Clark, S. 2000. Assessing the effectiveness of animation and virtual reality in teaching operative dentistry. Journal of dentistry. 1 (1).
Depth, layering and transparency: developing design techniques.
Wong, B., Joyekurun, R., Mansour, H., Amaldi, P., Nees, A. and Villanueva, R. 2005. Depth, layering and transparency: developing design techniques. in: Bentley, T. and Balbo, S. (ed.) OZCHI 2005 citizens online: considerations for today & the future. CHISIG.
What makes emergency ambulance command and control complex?
Wong, B., Hayes, J. and Moore, T. 2005. What makes emergency ambulance command and control complex? in: Johnson, C. (ed.) 2nd workshop on complexity in design and engineering. Glasgow University of Glasgow, Department of Computing Science. pp. 106-116
Research into EMD at the London ambulance service: stage 1 report requirements, priorities and projects.
Wong, B., Fields, B. and Blandford, A. 2000. Research into EMD at the London ambulance service: stage 1 report requirements, priorities and projects. London Middlesex University.
Emergency medical dispatch at the London ambulance service.
Wong, B., Blandford, A. and Fields, B. 2000. Emergency medical dispatch at the London ambulance service. Middlesex University.
Preliminary report to the Snowy Mountain hydro electric authority: NSW-Victoria system separation incident.
Wong, B. and Sanderson, P. 2001. Preliminary report to the Snowy Mountain hydro electric authority: NSW-Victoria system separation incident. Melbourne Swinburne University of Technology.
Future design.
Wong, B. and Ham, D. 2008. Future design. in: Golightly, D., Rose, T., Bonner, J. and Boyd Davis, S. (ed.) Create2008: proceedings Ergonomics Society.
Interaction design at Middlesex University: innovative human-centred solutions.
Wong, B. and Curzon, P. 2005. Interaction design at Middlesex University: innovative human-centred solutions. in: Fincher, S. (ed.) People and ccmputers XVIII: design for life: proceedings of HCI 2004 London Springer. pp. 209-210
Extracting information handling strategies.
Wong, B. and Blandford, A. 2007. Extracting information handling strategies. in: Mosier, K. and Fischer, U. (ed.) NDM 8: Eighth international conference on naturalistic decision making: proceedings NDM8. pp. 302-309
Situation awareness in an emergency medical dispatch centre.
Wong, B. and Blandford, A. 2004. Situation awareness in an emergency medical dispatch centre. in: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society: 48th annual meeting. Santa Monica, CA. HFES. pp. 285-289
Information handling in dynamic decision making environments.
Wong, B. and Blandford, A. 2004. Information handling in dynamic decision making environments. in: Blythe, M., Baxter, G. and Reed, D. (ed.) ECCE-12: proceedings of the twelfth European conference on cognitive economics. York European Association of Cognitive Ergonomics/ University of York. pp. 195-202
Analysing ambulance dispatcher decision making: trialing emergent themes analysis
Wong, B. and Blandford, A. 2002. Analysing ambulance dispatcher decision making: trialing emergent themes analysis. in: Vatere, F., Johnston, L. and Kushinsky, R. (ed.) Proceedings of the HF2002 human factors conference design for the whole person - integrating physical, cognitive and social aspects: a joint conference of the Ergonomics society of Australia (ESA) and the Computer human interaction special interest group. Canberra Ergonomics Society of Australia..
Situation awareness and its implications for human-systems interaction
Wong, B. and Blandford, A. 2001. Situation awareness and its implications for human-systems interaction. in: Thomas, R., Apperley, M. and Smith, W. (ed.) OZCHI 2001 usability and usefulness for knowledge economies: conference proceedings. Sydney CHISIG. pp. 181-186
Naturalistic decision making in emergency ambulance command and control.
Wong, B. and Blandford, A. 2001. Naturalistic decision making in emergency ambulance command and control. Dunedin, NZ. University of Otagoo.
Inventivity in HCI education.
Wong, B. 2006. Inventivity in HCI education. in: Hvannberg, E. (ed.) Inventivity : teaching theory, design and innovation in HCI. Limerick, Ireland University of Limerick. pp. 67-72
Technology affordances of the ActualDepth multi-layered display
Wong, B. 2003. Technology affordances of the ActualDepth multi-layered display. Dunedin, NZ University of Otagoo.
The integrated decision model in emergency dispatch management and its implications for design
Wong, B. 2000. The integrated decision model in emergency dispatch management and its implications for design. Australian journal of information systems. 2 (7), pp. 95-107.
Virtual tours in tourism: interaction issues.
Villanueva, R. and Wong, B. 2001. Virtual tours in tourism: interaction issues. in: Thomas, R., Apperley, M. and Smith, W. (ed.) OZCHI 2001 usability and usefulness for knowledge economies: conference proceedings. Sydney CHISIG. pp. 235-239
Hydro scheme control in a deregulated environment: cognitive work models and design implications.
Sanderson, P., Wong, B., Choudhury, S. and Memisevic, R. 2003. Hydro scheme control in a deregulated environment: cognitive work models and design implications. in: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society: 47th annual meeting. Denver, Colorado HFES. pp. 458-462
Analysing cognitive work of hydroelectricity generation in a dynamic deregulated market.
Sanderson, P., Memisevic, R. and Wong, B. 2004. Analysing cognitive work of hydroelectricity generation in a dynamic deregulated market. in: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society: 48th annual meeting. Santa Monica, CA. Human Factors. pp. 484-488
Ergonomic consulting for SMCC facilities upgrade project: task analysis input to control room redesign.
Sanderson, P. and Wong, B. 2001. Ergonomic consulting for SMCC facilities upgrade project: task analysis input to control room redesign. Cooma, NSW 2630. Melbourne. Swinburne University of Technology. https://doi.org/SCHIL-SMCC-2001-2
Evaluating human-system integration solutions for SMCC's proposed AGC and GEMS systems: design brief to Snowy Mountains hydro electric authority.
Sanderson, P. and Wong, B. 2000. Evaluating human-system integration solutions for SMCC's proposed AGC and GEMS systems: design brief to Snowy Mountains hydro electric authority. Cooma, NSW, Australia Snowy Mountain Hydro Electric Authority..
Developing visualisations to support spatial-temporal reasoning in ATC.
Rozzi, S., Wong, B., Woodward, P., Amaldi, P., Fields, B. and Panizzi, E. 2006. Developing visualisations to support spatial-temporal reasoning in ATC. in: Pejcic-Tarle, S. (ed.) Second international conference on research in air transportation. Belgrade, Serbia University of Belgrade: Faculty of Traffic and Transport Engineering.
Learning to look: real and virtual artifacts.
Rowntree, J., Wong, B. and Hannah, R. 2002. Learning to look: real and virtual artifacts. Educational technology & society: journal of International forum of educational technology & society and IEEE learning technology task force.. 5 (1), pp. 129-134.
A fide-mediation framework for virtual objects
Rowntree, J., Hannah, R. and Wong, B. 2004. A fide-mediation framework for virtual objects. International journal of learning technology. 1 (2), pp. 163-178. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLT.2004.004874
Learning with digital artifacts: gaining a sense of the object
Rowntree, J., Hannah, R. and Wong, B. 2002. Learning with digital artifacts: gaining a sense of the object. VINE. 32 (3), pp. 14-21. https://doi.org/10.1108/03055720210474244
Digital artifacts in teaching classical art: some educational considerations.
Rowntree, J., Hannah, R. and Wong, B. 2006. Digital artifacts in teaching classical art: some educational considerations. in: Mattusch, C., Donohue, A. and Brauer, A. (ed.) Common ground: archaeology, art, science, and humanities: proceedings of the XVIth International congress of classical archaeology, Boston, August 23-26, 2003. Oxford Oxbow. pp. 300-321
Interactive children: the use of virtual reality and web technologies.
Peterson, K. and Wong, B. 2000. Interactive children: the use of virtual reality and web technologies. in: Paris, C. (ed.) OZCHI 2000: 4th-8th December 2000, the University of Technology, Sydney, Australia. Sydney CHISIG. pp. 12-13
Cognitive task analysis for decision centred design and training.
O'Hare, D., Wiggins, M. and Wong, B. 2000. Cognitive task analysis for decision centred design and training. in: Annett, J. and Stanton, N. (ed.) Task analysis Taylor and Francis.
Activity breakdown in quickTime virtual reality environments.
Norris, B. and Wong, B. 2000. Activity breakdown in quickTime virtual reality environments. in: Thomas, B. and Warren, J. (ed.) First Australasian user interface conference (AUIC 2000): proceedings. Los Alamitos, Calif. IEEE Computer Society.
Cartographic and cognitive analysis of ambulance dispatch displays.
Moore, A., Hayes, J. and Wong, B. 2007. Cartographic and cognitive analysis of ambulance dispatch displays. Going global; mapping New Zealand's trajectory (GeoCart 2006). Auckland, New Zealand 04 - 06 Sep 2006
Next generation 4D HMI concepts. Deliverable 14. Report prepared for AD4: 4D virtual airspace management system, sixth framework programme, priority 1.4 aeronautics and space.
Wong, B., Panifici, E., Lot, D., Amaldi, P., Fields, B. and Rozzi, S. 2005. Next generation 4D HMI concepts. Deliverable 14. Report prepared for AD4: 4D virtual airspace management system, sixth framework programme, priority 1.4 aeronautics and space. Rome NEXT Sistems Ingegeria o..
Investigating human-system interaction with an integrated hydropower and market system simulator
Memisevic, R., Sanderson, P., Wong, B., Choudhury, S. and Li, X. 2007. Investigating human-system interaction with an integrated hydropower and market system simulator. IEEE transactions on power systems. 22 (2), pp. 762-769.
Work domain analysis and ecological interface design for hydropower system monitoring and control.
Memisevic, R., Sanderson, P., Choudhury, S. and Wong, B. 2005. Work domain analysis and ecological interface design for hydropower system monitoring and control. in: Proceedings: the international conference on systems, man and cybernetics. IEEE.
Integrated power scheme simulator for human-system integration studies.
Memisevic, R., Choudhury, S., Sanderson, P. and Wong, B. 2004. Integrated power scheme simulator for human-system integration studies. in: Walker, G. (ed.) Proceedings of AUPEC'2004 : Australasian universities power engineering conference. AUPEC.
The utility of depth affordance in multi-layered displays for supporting change detection.
Mancero, G. and Wong, B. 2008. The utility of depth affordance in multi-layered displays for supporting change detection. in: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society 52nd annual meeting. Santa Monica, CA, USA Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Applying the control adaptation method to a real world system: hydropower system example.
Li, X., Sanderson, P., Wong, B., Choudhury, S. and Memisevic, R. 2005. Applying the control adaptation method to a real world system: hydropower system example. in: Marmaras, N. (ed.) Proceedings of the annual conference of the European association of cognitive ergonomics, EACE 2005 conference. Athens University of Athens..
Accessibility, usability and fit for purpose: a framework for evaluating information delivery.
Keith, S., Whitney, G. and Wong, B. 2006. Accessibility, usability and fit for purpose: a framework for evaluating information delivery. in: Bust, P. (ed.) Contemporary ergonomics 2006. Taylor and Francis.
Fit for purpose: accessibility of on-line public service information through the Barnet CAB electronic advice project.
Keith, S. and Wong, B. 2004. Fit for purpose: accessibility of on-line public service information through the Barnet CAB electronic advice project. Middlesex University. https://doi.org/MUVL-6505o
A functional collaborative work unit for analysing hazardous flight approaches.
Joyekurun, R., Amaldi, P. and Wong, B. 2007. A functional collaborative work unit for analysing hazardous flight approaches. in: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society: 51st Annual Meeting. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Complexity factors in ambulance command and control.
Hayes, J., Moore, A., Benwell, G. and Wong, B. 2005. Complexity factors in ambulance command and control. in: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society: 49th annual meeting. Santa Monica, Calif. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
Ambulance dispatch complexity and dispatcher decision strategies: implications for interface design.
Hayes, J., Moore, A., Benwell, G. and Wong, B. 2004. Ambulance dispatch complexity and dispatcher decision strategies: implications for interface design. in: Masoodian, M., Jones, S. and Rogers, B. (ed.) Computer human interaction: 6th Asia Pacific conference, APCHI 2004. Berlin Springer.
Proceedings: create 2007
Golightly, D., Rose, T., Wong, B. and Light, A. 2007. Proceedings: create 2007. Ergonomics Society.
QTVR support for teaching operative procedures in dentistry.
Clark, S., Ng, B. and Wong, B. 2000. QTVR support for teaching operative procedures in dentistry. in: McDonald, S., Waern, Y. and Cockton, G. (ed.) People and computers XIV : usability or else!: proceedings of HCI 2000. London Springer. pp. 287-298
Multiple viewpoints on computer supported team work: a case study on ambulance dispatch.
Blandford, A., Wong, B., Connell, I. and Green, T. 2002. Multiple viewpoints on computer supported team work: a case study on ambulance dispatch. in: Faulkner, X., Finlay, J. and Detienne, F. (ed.) People and computers XVI: memorable yet invisible: proceedings of HCI 2002. London Springer. pp. 139-156
State of the art: HCI in New Zealand.
Wong, B., Apperley, M., Carter, P., Churcher, C., Cockburn, A., Jones, M., Lobb, B., Novins, K. and Phillips, C. 2003. State of the art: HCI in New Zealand. in: Rauterberg, M., Menozzi, M. and Wesson, J. (ed.) Human-computer interaction, INTERACT '03: IFIP TC13 International conference on human-computer interaction. Oxford IOS. pp. 1079-1080
Operational concepts report Vol.2: tower control deliverable 12.
Amaldi, P., Fields, B., Rozzi, S., Woodward, P. and Wong, B. 2005. Operational concepts report Vol.2: tower control deliverable 12. Middlesex University Press.
Operational Concepts Report Vol.1: Approach Control.
Amaldi, P., Fields, B., Rozzi, S. and Wong, B. 2005. Operational Concepts Report Vol.1: Approach Control. London Middlesex University Press.
Using a reconstruction-exploration approach to empower cognitive analysis methods: Possibilities and challenges
Albinsson, P., Wong, B. and Pilemalm, S. 2005. Using a reconstruction-exploration approach to empower cognitive analysis methods: Possibilities and challenges. in: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society: 49th annual meeting. Santa Monica, Calif. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. pp. 224-228
A framework for evaluating barriers to accessibility, usability and fit for purpose.
Keith, S., Whitney, G. and Wong, B. 2006. A framework for evaluating barriers to accessibility, usability and fit for purpose. in: Bust, P. (ed.) Contemporary ergonomics 2006. London Taylor and Francis.
Review of DPTAC guidance: large passenger ships and passenger infrastructure.
Keith, S., Whitney, G., Sentinella, J., Wong, B., Platt-Evans, C., Fielding, C. and Smith, L. 2006. Review of DPTAC guidance: large passenger ships and passenger infrastructure. Disabled Persons Transport Advisory Committee (DPTAC).
Purpose and context: selecting multiple methods for evaluating a pilot public information terminal.
Keith, S., Springett, M. and Wong, B. 2005. Purpose and context: selecting multiple methods for evaluating a pilot public information terminal. in: Bust, P. and McCabe, P. (ed.) Contemporary ergonomics. 2005 Taylor and Francis.
Identifying information seeking behaviours of low andhigh literacy users: combined cognitive task analysis.
Kodagoda, N., Wong, B. and Khan, N. 2009. Identifying information seeking behaviours of low andhigh literacy users: combined cognitive task analysis. British Computer Society. pp. 347-354
Fit for purpose evaluation: the case of a public information kiosk for the socially disadvantaged.
Wong, B., Springett, M. and Keith, S. 2005. Fit for purpose evaluation: the case of a public information kiosk for the socially disadvantaged. in: People and Computers XIX - The Bigger Picture: Proceedings of HCI 2005 (BCS Conference) Springer Verlag. pp. 149-165
Critical Decision Method data analysis
Wong, B. 2003. Critical Decision Method data analysis. in: Diaper, D. and Stanton, N. (ed.) The handbook of task analysis for human-computer interaction Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.. pp. 327-346
Evaluating functional displays for hydropower system: model-based guidance of scenario design.
Li, X., Sanderson, P., Memisevic, R., Wong, B. and Choudhury, S. 2006. Evaluating functional displays for hydropower system: model-based guidance of scenario design. Cognition, Technology and Work. 8 (4), pp. 269-282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-006-0044-x
Framework and model of usability factors of mobile phones
Ham, D., Heo, J., Fossick, P., Wong, B., Park, S., Song, C. and Bradley, M.D. 2008. Framework and model of usability factors of mobile phones. in: Lumsden, J. (ed.) Handbook of research on user interface design and evaluation for mobile technology. Hershey, PA. Information Science Reference. pp. 877-896
Editorial: In use, in situ: extending field research methods
Fields, B., Amaldi, P., Wong, B. and Gill, S. 2007. Editorial: In use, in situ: extending field research methods. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. 22 (1-2), pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447310709336952
3D-in-2D Displays for ATC
Wong, B., Rozzi, S., Boccalatte, A., Gaukrodger, S., Amaldi, P., Fields, B., Loomes, M. and Martin, P. 2007. 3D-in-2D Displays for ATC. Brochard, M. and Jurgens, M. (ed.) 6th EUROCONTROL Innovative Research Workshop and Exhibition. Brétigny-sur-Orge, France 05 - 07 Dec 2007 Eurocontrol. pp. 47-62
Operational potential for 3D displays in air traffic control
Rozzi, S., Amaldi, P., Wong, B. and Fields, B. 2007. Operational potential for 3D displays in air traffic control. Brinkman, W., Ham, D. and Wong, B. (ed.) ECCE07: European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2007. London, United Kingdom 28 - 31 Aug 2007 New York Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). pp. 179-183 https://doi.org/10.1145/1362550.1362586
Looking but not seeing: implications for HCI
Mancero, G., Wong, B. and Amaldi, P. 2007. Looking but not seeing: implications for HCI. in: Brinkman, W., Ham, D. and Wong, B. (ed.) ECCE 2007 European conference on cognitive ergonomics 2007: invent! explore! New York Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). pp. 167-174
A framework for considering spatial-temporal representation design in air traffic control
Wong, B., Rozzi, S., Amaldi, P., Woodward, P. and Fields, B. 2006. A framework for considering spatial-temporal representation design in air traffic control. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 50th annual meeting. San Francisco, USA 16 - 20 Oct 2006 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. pp. 250-254 https://doi.org/10.1177/154193120605000309
The critical decision method
Wong, B. 2006. The critical decision method. in: Karwowski, W. (ed.) International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors - 3 Volume Set CRC Press. pp. 3067-3073
Evaluating combined 2D/3D displays for ATC
Rozzi, S., Woodward, P., Amaldi, P., Fields, B. and Wong, B. 2006. Evaluating combined 2D/3D displays for ATC. 5th EUROCONTROL Innovative Research Workshop and Exhibition. Bretigny-sur-Orge, France 05 - 07 Dec 2006 Eurocontrol. pp. 173-180
Design sketching for space and time
Rozzi, S., Wong, B., Amaldi, P., Woodward, P. and Fields, B. 2006. Design sketching for space and time. Clemmensen, T., Orngreen, R., Pejtersen, A. and Wong, B. (ed.) 1st IFIP Working Conference on Human Work Interaction Design. Madeira, Portugal 13 - 15 Feb 2006 New York, NY Springer. pp. 161-183 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36792-7_10
Information layering to de-clutter displays in emergency ambulance dispatch.
Hayes, J., Moore, A. and Wong, B. 2006. Information layering to de-clutter displays in emergency ambulance dispatch. in: Rizzo, A., Grote, G. and Wong, B. (ed.) Proceedings of the 13th Eurpoean conference on cognitive ergonomics trust and control in complex socio-technical systems. New York Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). pp. 10-16
Information layering, depth and transparency effects on multi-layered displays for command and control
Wong, B., Joyekurun, R., Nees, A., Amaldi, P. and Villanueva, R. 2005. Information layering, depth and transparency effects on multi-layered displays for command and control. Human factors and ergonomics society 49th annual meeting. Orlando, USA. 26 - 30 Sep 2005 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. pp. 353-356 https://doi.org/10.1177/154193120504900329
Situation awareness in emergency medical dispatch
Wong, B. and Blandford, A. 2004. Situation awareness in emergency medical dispatch. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 61 (4), pp. 421-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2003.12.012
Field research in HCI: a case study
Wong, B. and Blandford, A. 2003. Field research in HCI: a case study. Kemp, E., Phillips, C. and Wong, B. (ed.) 4th Annual Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction. Dunedin, New Zealand 03 - 04 Jul 2003 New York, NY, United States. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). pp. 69-74 https://doi.org/10.1145/2331829.2331842
Proceedings of CHINZ'03, the 4th annual conference of the ACM special interest group on computer human interaction
Kemp, E., Phillips, C. and Wong, B. 2003. Proceedings of CHINZ'03, the 4th annual conference of the ACM special interest group on computer human interaction. New York, NY, United States. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).