Jones, S.; Hara, S.; Augusto, J.

eFRIEND: an ethical framework for intelligent environments development

Article

Jones, S., Hara, S. and Augusto, J. 2015. eFRIEND: an ethical framework for intelligent environments development. Ethics and Information Technology. 17 (1), pp. 11-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-014-9358-1

Publication dates
Type	Article
Title	eFRIEND: an ethical framework for intelligent environments development
Authors	Jones, S., Hara, S. and Augusto, J.
Abstract	Intelligent environments aim to provide context-sensitive services to humans in the physical spaces in which they work and live. While the ethical dimensions of these systems have been considered, this is an aspect which requires further analysis. A literature review shows that these approaches are disconnected from each other, and that they are making little impact on real systems being built. This article provides a solution to both of these problems. It synthesises the ethical issues addressed by previous work and highlights other important concerns which have been overlooked so far. Furthermore, it proposes an alternative, more holistic approach that can be used to guide the development of intelligent environments. The validity of the framework is demonstrated by its integration into an actual project.
Keywords	Intelligent Environments; Ethical Principles; Frameworks; User-centred; Multi-user systems
Research Group	Aspects of Law and Ethics Related to Technology group
	Research Group on Development of Intelligent Environments
Publisher	Springer
Journal	Ethics and Information Technology
ISSN	1388-1957
Electronic	1572-8439
Online	14 Dec 2014
Print	31 Mar 2015
Publication process dates
Deposited	01 May 2015
Output status	Published
Accepted author manuscript	eFRIEND Manuscript v15.pdf
Copyright Statement	This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Ethics and Information Technology. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10676-014-9358-1
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-014-9358-1
Web of Science identifier	WOS:000350553500002
Language	English

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Bitcoin forensics: a tutorial

Neilson, D., Hara, S. and Mitchell, I. 2017. Bitcoin forensics: a tutorial. Jahankhani, H., Carlile, A., Emm, D., Hosseinian-Far, A., Brown, G., Sexton, G. and Jamal, A. (ed.) 11th International Conference on Global Security, Safety and Sustainability. London, UK 18 - 20 Jan 2017 Cham Springer. pp. 12-26 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51064-4_2

Deconstruct and preserve (DaP): a method for the preservation of digital evidence on solid state drives (SSD)

Mitchell, I., Anandaraja, T., Hara, S., Hadzhinenov, G. and Neilson, D. 2017. Deconstruct and preserve (DaP): a method for the preservation of digital evidence on solid state drives (SSD). Jahankhani, H., Carlile, A., Emm, D., Hosseinian-Far, A., Brown, G., Sexton, G. and Jamal, A. (ed.) 11th International Conference on Global Security, Safety and Sustainability. London, UK 18 - 20 Jan 2017 Cham Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51064-4_1

A formal methodology to design and deploy dependable wireless sensor networks

Testa, A., Cinque, M., Coronato, A. and Augusto, J. 2017. A formal methodology to design and deploy dependable wireless sensor networks. Sensors. 17 (1). https://doi.org/10.3390/s17010019

A stigmergic approach to indoor localization using bluetooth low energy beacons

Palumbo, F., Barsocchi, P., Chessa, S. and Augusto, J. 2015. A stigmergic approach to indoor localization using bluetooth low energy beacons. 3rd Workshop on Activity Monitoring by Multiple Distributed Sensing (AMMDS). Karslrhue, Germany 25 - 28 Aug 2015 IEEE. pp. 1-6 https://doi.org/10.1109/AVSS.2015.7301734

Engineering context-aware systems and applications: a survey

Alegre, U., Augusto, J. and Clark, T. 2016. Engineering context-aware systems and applications: a survey. Journal of Systems and Software. 117, pp. 55-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2016.02.010

The heuristic strategies for assessing wireless sensor network: an event-based formal approach

Testa, A., Cinque, M., Coronato, A., De Pietro, G. and Augusto, J. 2015. The heuristic strategies for assessing wireless sensor network: an event-based formal approach. Journal of Heuristics. 21 (2), pp. 145-175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10732-014-9258-x

Flexible context aware interface for ambient assisted living

McNaull, J., Augusto, J., Mulvenna, M. and McCullagh, P. 2014. Flexible context aware interface for ambient assisted living. Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences. 4 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/2192-1962-4-1

An investigation into the efficacy of avatar-based systems for student advice

Currie, E., Harvey, P., Daryanani, P., Augusto, J., Arif, R. and Ali, A. 2016. An investigation into the efficacy of avatar-based systems for student advice. EAI Endorsed Transactions on e-Learning. 3 (11). https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.15-6-2016.151450

Co-creation of smart technology with (and for) people with special needs

Augusto, J., Kramer, D., Alegre, U., Covaci, A. and Santokhee, A. 2016. Co-creation of smart technology with (and for) people with special needs. 7th International Conference on Software Development and Technologies for Enhancing Accessibility and Fighting Info-exclusion. Vila Real, Portugal 01 - 03 Dec 2016 Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). pp. 39-46 https://doi.org/10.1145/3019943.3019950

Enhancing student support with a virtual assistant

Harvey, P., Currie, E., Daryanani, P. and Augusto, J. 2016. Enhancing student support with a virtual assistant. Vincenti, G., Bucciero, A. and Vaz de Carvalho, C. (ed.) eLEOT 2015: 2nd EAI International Conference on e-Learning e-Education and Online Training. Novedrate, Italy 16 - 18 Sep 2015 Springer. pp. 101-109 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28883-3_13

Temporal reasoning for intuitive specification of context-awareness

Alegre, U., Augusto, J. and Aztiria, A. 2014. Temporal reasoning for intuitive specification of context-awareness. 10th International Conference on Intelligent Environments - IE'14. Shanghai, China 30 Jun - 04 Jul 2014 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). pp. 234-241

Advancing ambient assisted living with caution

Huyck, C., Augusto, J., Gao, X. and Botia, J. 2015. Advancing ambient assisted living with caution. in: Helfert, M., Holzinger, A., Ziefle, M., Fred, A., O'Donoghue, J. and Röcker, C. (ed.) Information and Communication Technologies for Ageing Well and e-Health: First International Conference, ICT4AgeingWell 2015, Lisbon, Portugal, May 20-22, 2015. Revised Selected Papers Springer.

Assessing real world imagery in virtual environments for people with cognitive disabilities

Covaci, A., Kramer, D., Augusto, J., Rus, S. and Braun, A. 2015. Assessing real world imagery in virtual environments for people with cognitive disabilities. Intelligent Environments 2015. Prague, Czech Republic 15 - 17 Jul 2015 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). pp. 41-48

Spatial health systems: the state of the art

Gottfried, B., Aghajan, H., Wong, K., Augusto, J., Guesgen, H., Kirste, T. and Lawo, M. 2014. Spatial health systems: the state of the art. in: Holzinger, A., Ziefle, M. and Roecker, C. (ed.) Smart health. State of the art Springer Verlag. pp. 41-70

Computer forensics: challenges to evidential integrity

Mitchell, I. and Hara, S. 2014. Computer forensics: challenges to evidential integrity. in: Jennions, I. (ed.) Integrated vehicle health management: implementation and lessons learned Warrendale, PA, USA SAE International.

Developing navigational services for people with Down's Syndrome

Kramer, D., Covaci, A. and Augusto, J. 2015. Developing navigational services for people with Down's Syndrome. 2015 International Conference on Intelligent Environments. Prague, Czech Republic 15 - 17 Jul 2015 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). pp. 128-131 https://doi.org/10.1109/IE.2015.26

Context-awareness to increase inclusion of people with DS in society

Kramer, D., Augusto, J. and Clark, T. 2014. Context-awareness to increase inclusion of people with DS in society. AAAI 14: Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Applied to Assistive Technologies and Smart Environments (ATSE 2014). Quebec City, Quebec, Canada 27 - 31 Jul 2014 Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI). pp. 27-31

Night optimised care technology for users needing assisted lifestyles

Augusto, J., Mulvenna, M., Zheng, H., Wang, H., Martin, S., McCullagh, P. and Wallace, J. 2014. Night optimised care technology for users needing assisted lifestyles. Behaviour and Information Technology. 33 (12), pp. 1261-1277. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2013.816773

Personalized smart environments to increase inclusion of people with Down's Syndrome

Augusto, J., Grimstad, T., Wichert, R., Schulze, E., Braun, A., Rødevand, G. and Ridley, V. 2013. Personalized smart environments to increase inclusion of people with Down's Syndrome. Augusto, J., Wichert, R., Collier, R., Keyson, D., Salah, A. and Tan, A. (ed.) International Joint Conference on Ambient Intelligence. Dublin, Ireland Springer International. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03647-2_16

Reflections on ambient intelligence systems handling of user preferences and needs

Augusto, J. 2014. Reflections on ambient intelligence systems handling of user preferences and needs. The 10th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE'14). Shanghai, P.R. China 29 Jun - 04 Jul 2014 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). pp. 369-371

AAL4DS (Can AAL technology help people with Down’s Syndrome to live better lives?)

Augusto, J. 2012. AAL4DS (Can AAL technology help people with Down’s Syndrome to live better lives?). Proceedings of AALForum2012 (Tomorrow in Sight: from Design to Delivery). Eindhoven, The Netherlands 26 Sep 2012 pp. 79-83

A group decision making model for partially ordered preference under uncertainty

Chen, S., Liu, J., Wang, H. and Augusto, J. 2015. A group decision making model for partially ordered preference under uncertainty. Information Fusion. 25, pp. 32-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2014.11.001

Requirements for context-aware systems

Evans, C., Brodie, L. and Augusto, J. 2014. Requirements for context-aware systems. 20th International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundations for Software Quality (REFSQ). Essen, Germany 07 - 10 Apr 2014 pp. 137-138

Requirements engineering for intelligent environments

Evans, C., Brodie, L. and Augusto, J. 2014. Requirements engineering for intelligent environments. The 10th International Conference on Intelligent Environments. Shanghai, China 29 Jun - 04 Jul 2014 pp. 154-161

A user-centric software development process

Augusto, J. 2014. A user-centric software development process. The 10th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE'14). Shanghai, P.R. China 29 Jun - 04 Jul 2014 pp. 252-255

Sensors for Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) and smart homes

Martinez Madrid, N., Martinez Fernandez, J., Seepold, R. and Augusto, J. 2013. Sensors for Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) and smart homes. in: Filippini, D. (ed.) Autonomous Sensor Networks: Collective Sensing Strategies for Analytical Purposes Springer.

Context-aware discovery of human frequent behaviours through sensor information interpretation

Aztiria, A. and Augusto, J. 2013. Context-aware discovery of human frequent behaviours through sensor information interpretation. in: Guesgen, H. and Marsland, S. (ed.) Human Behavior Recognition Technologies: Intelligent Applications for Monitoring and Security IGI Global. pp. 14-32

A hierarchical human activity recognition framework based on automated reasoning

Chen, S., Liu, J., Wang, H. and Augusto, J. 2013. A hierarchical human activity recognition framework based on automated reasoning. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC2013). Manchester, UK 13 - 16 Oct 2013

A linguistic multi-criteria decision making approach based on logical reasoning

Chen, S., Liu, J., Wang, H. and Augusto, J. 2014. A linguistic multi-criteria decision making approach based on logical reasoning. Information Sciences. 258, pp. 266-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2013.08.040

Participatory research to design a novel system to support the night-time needs of people with dementia; NOCTURNAL

Martin, S., Augusto, J., McCullagh, P., Carswell, W., Zheng, H., Wang, H., Wallace, J. and Mulvenna, M. 2013. Participatory research to design a novel system to support the night-time needs of people with dementia; NOCTURNAL. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 10 (12), pp. 6764-6782. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10126764

Self-aware trader: a new approach to safer trading

Martínez Fernández, J., Augusto, J., Trombino, G., Seepold, R. and Martinez Madrid, N. 2013. Self-aware trader: a new approach to safer trading. Journal of Universal Computer Science. 19 (15), pp. 2292-2319.

Learning frequent behaviours of the users in intelligent environments

Aztiria, A., Augusto, J., Basagoiti, R., Izaguirre, A. and Cook, D. 2013. Learning frequent behaviours of the users in intelligent environments. IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics: Systems. 43 (6), pp. 1265-1278. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2013.2252892

Intelligent environments: a manifesto

Augusto, J., Callaghan, V., Kameas, A., Cook, D. and Satoh, I. 2013. Intelligent environments: a manifesto. Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences. 3 (12). https://doi.org/10.1186/2192-1962-3-12

eFRIEND: an ethical framework for intelligent environment development

Jones, S., Augusto, J. and Hara, S. 2014. eFRIEND: an ethical framework for intelligent environment development. The 7th ACM International Conference on Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments: PETRA 2014. Rhodes, Greece 27 - 30 May 2014 Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). https://doi.org/10.1145/2674396.2674410

Visualization of data for ambient assisted living services

Mulvenna, M., Carswell, W., McCullagh, P., Augusto, J., Zheng, H., Jeffers, P., Wang, H. and Martin, S. 2011. Visualization of data for ambient assisted living services. IEEE Communications Magazine. 49 (1), pp. 110-117. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2011.5681023

Mass function derivation and combination in multivariate data spaces

Wang, H., Liu, J. and Augusto, J. 2010. Mass function derivation and combination in multivariate data spaces. Information Sciences. 180 (6), pp. 813-819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2009.08.027

Design and evaluation of an ambient assisted living system based on an argumentative multi-agent system

Muñoz, A., Augusto, J., Villa, A. and Botía, J. 2011. Design and evaluation of an ambient assisted living system based on an argumentative multi-agent system. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing. 15 (4), pp. 377-387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-010-0361-1

Ordering based decision making: a survey

Chen, S., Liu, J., Wang, H. and Augusto, J. 2013. Ordering based decision making: a survey. Information Fusion. 14 (4), pp. 521-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2012.10.005

Software simulation and verification to increase the reliability of intelligent environments

Augusto, J. and Hornos, M. 2013. Software simulation and verification to increase the reliability of intelligent environments. Advances in Engineering Software. 58, pp. 18-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2012.12.004

Using patterns position distribution for software failure detection

Li, C., Chen, Z., Du, H., Wang, H., Wilkie, G., Augusto, J. and Liu, J. 2013. Using patterns position distribution for software failure detection. International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems. 6 (2), pp. 234-243. https://doi.org/10.1080/18756891.2013.768442

A sensor technology survey for a stress aware trading process

Fernandez, J., Augusto, J., Seepold, R. and Madrid, N. 2012. A sensor technology survey for a stress aware trading process. Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics - Part C. 42 (6), pp. 809-824. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCC.2011.2179028

Discovering frequent user-environment interactions in intelligent environments

Aztiria, A., Augusto, J., Basagoiti, R., Izaguirre, A. and Cook, D. 2012. Discovering frequent user-environment interactions in intelligent environments. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing. 16 (1), pp. 91-103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-011-0471-4

A linguistic truth-value temporal reasoning (LTR) system and its application to the design of an intelligent environment

Lu, Z., Augusto, J., Liu, J. and Wang, H. 2012. A linguistic truth-value temporal reasoning (LTR) system and its application to the design of an intelligent environment. International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems. 5 (1), pp. 173-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/18756891.2012.670529

Static verification of wireless sensor networks with formal methods

Testa, A., Coronato, A., Cinque, M. and Augusto, J. 2012. Static verification of wireless sensor networks with formal methods. 8th International Conference on Signal Image Technology and Internet Based Systems (SITIS 2012). Naples, Italy 25 - 29 Nov 2012 pp. 587-594

Modeling eating disorders of cognitive impaired people

Coronato, A., De Pietro, G. and Augusto, J. 2012. Modeling eating disorders of cognitive impaired people. HumanCom'2012. Gwangju, South Korea pp. 165-172

An evidential reasoning based approach for decision making with partially ordered preference under uncertainty

Chen, S., Liu, J., Wang, H. and Augusto, J. 2013. An evidential reasoning based approach for decision making with partially ordered preference under uncertainty. 2013 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics. Tianjin, China 14 - 17 Jul 2013 IEEE. pp. 1712-1717 https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMLC.2013.6890874