Gender differences in altruism on Mechanical Turk: expectations and actual behaviour

Article

Branas-Garza, P., Capraro, V. and Rascon Ramirez, E. 2018. Gender differences in altruism on Mechanical Turk: expectations and actual behaviour. Economics Letters. 170, pp. 19-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2018.05.022
TypeArticle
TitleGender differences in altruism on Mechanical Turk: expectations and actual behaviour
AuthorsBranas-Garza, P., Capraro, V. and Rascon Ramirez, E.
Abstract

Whether or not there are gender differences in altruistic behaviour in Dictator Game experiments has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Earlier studies found women to be more altruistic than men. However, this conclusion has been challenged by more recent accounts, which have argued that gender differences in altruistic behaviour may be a peculiarity of student samples and may not extend to other groups. Here we study gender differences in altruistic behaviour and, additionally, in expectations of altruistic behaviour, in a sample of Amazon Mechanical Turk crowdworkers living in the US. In Study 1, we report a mega-analysis of more than 3, 500 observations and we show that women are significantly more altruistic than men. In Study 2, we show that both women and men expect women to be more altruistic than men.

PublisherElsevier
JournalEconomics Letters
ISSN0165-1765
Publication dates
Online30 May 2018
Print01 Sep 2018
Publication process dates
Deposited16 Jul 2018
Accepted17 May 2018
Output statusPublished
Accepted author manuscript
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Copyright Statement

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. This author's accepted manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2018.05.022
LanguageEnglish
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Van Bavel, J., Cichocka, A., Capraro, V., Sjåstad, H., Nezlek, J., Pavlović, T., Alfano, M., Gelfand, M., Azevedo, F., Birtel, M., Cislak, A., Lockwood, P., Ross, R., Abts, K., Agadullina, E., Aruta, J., Besharati, S., Bor, A., Choma, B., Crabtree, C., Cunningham, W., De, K., Ejaz, W., Elbaek, C., Findor, A., Flichtentrei, D., Franc, R., Gjoneska, B., Gruber, J., Gualda, E., Horiuchi, Y., Huynh, T., Ibanez, A., Imran, M., Israelashvili, J., Jasko, K., Kantorowicz, J., Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, E., Krouwel, A., Laakasuo, M., Lamm, C., Leygue, C., Lin, M., Mansoor, M., Marie, A., Mayiwar, L., Mazepus, H., McHugh, C., Minda, J., Mitkidis, P., Olsson, A., Otterbring, T., Packer, D., Perry, A., Petersen, M., Puthillam, A., Riaño-Moreno, J., Rothmund, T., Santamaría-García, H., Schmid, P., Stoyanov, D., Tewari, S., Todosijević, B., Tsakiris, M., Tung, H., Umbreș, R., Vanags, E., Vlasceanu, M., Vonasch, A., Yucel, M., Zhang, Y., Abad, M., Adler, E., Akrawi, N., Mdarhri, H., Amara, H., Amodio, D., Antazo, B., Apps, M., Ay, F., Ba, M., Barbosa, S., Bastian, B., Berg, A., Bernal-Zárate, M., Bernstein, M., Białek, M., Bilancini, E., Bogatyreva, N., Boncinelli, L., Booth, J., Borau, S., Buchel, O., Cameron, C., Carvalho, C., Celadin, T., Cerami, C., Chalise, H., Cheng, X., Cian, L., Cockcroft, K., Conway, J., Córdoba-Delgado, M., Crespi, C., Crouzevialle, M., Cutler, J., Cypryańska, M., Dabrowska, J., Daniels, M., Davis, V., Dayley, P., Delouvee, S., Denkovski, O., Dezecache, G., Dhaliwal, N., Diato, A., Di Paolo, R., Drosinou, M., Dulleck, U., Ekmanis, J., Ertan, A., Etienne, T., Farhana, H., Farkhari, F., Farmer, H., Fenwick, A., Fidanovski, K., Flew, T., Fraser, S., Frempong, R., Fugelsang, J., Gale, J., Garcia-Navarro, E., Garladinne, P., Ghajjou, O., Gkinopoulos, T., Gray, K., Griffin, S., Gronfeldt, B., Gümren, M., Gurung, R., Halperin, E., Harris, E., Herzon, V., Hruška, M., Huang, G., Hudecek, M., Isler, O., Jangard, S., Jørgensen, F., Kachanoff, F., Kahn, J., Dangol, A., Keudel, O., Koppel, L., Koverola, M., Kubin, E., Kunnari, A., Kutiyski, Y., Laguna, O., Leota, J., Lermer, E., Levy, J., Levy, N., Li, C., Long, E., Longoni, C., Maglić, M., McCashin, D., Metcalf, A., Mikloušić, I., El Mimouni, S., Miura, A., Molina-Paredes, J., Monroy-Fonseca, C., Morales-Marente, E., Moreau, D., Muda, R., Myer, A., Nash, K., Nesh-Nash, T., Nitschke, J., Nurse, M., Ohtsubo, Y., Oldemburgo de Mello, V., O’Madagain, C., Onderco, M., Palacios-Galvez, M., Palomäki, J., Pan, Y., Papp, Z., Pärnamets, P., Paruzel-Czachura, M., Pavlović, Z., Payán-Gómez, C., Perander, S., Pitman, M., Prasad, R., Pyrkosz-Pacyna, J., Rathje, S., Raza, A., Rêgo, G., Rhee, K., Robertson, C., Rodríguez-Pascual, I., Saikkonen, T., Salvador-Ginez, O., Sampaio, W., Santi, G., Santiago-Tovar, N., Savage, D., Scheffer, J., Schönegger, P., Schultner, D., Schutte, E., Scott, A., Sharma, M., Sharma, P., Skali, A., Stadelmann, D., Stafford, C., Stanojević, D., Stefaniak, A., Sternisko, A., Stoica, A., Stoyanova, K., Strickland, B., Sundvall, J., Thomas, J., Tinghög, G., Torgler, B., Traast, I., Tucciarelli, R., Tyrala, M., Ungson, N., Uysal, M., Van Lange, P., van Prooijen, J., van Rooy, D., Västfjäll, D., Verkoeijen, P., Vieira, J., von Sikorski, C., Walker, A., Watermeyer, J., Wetter, E., Whillans, A., Willardt, R., Wohl, M., Wójcik, A., Wu, K., Yamada, Y., Yilmaz, O., Yogeeswaran, K., Ziemer, C., Zwaan, R. and Boggio, P. 2022. Author Correction: National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic. Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29658-x
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Capraro, V., Rodriguez-Lara, I. and Ruiz-Martos, M. 2020. Preferences for efficiency, rather than preferences for morality, drive cooperation in the one-shot Stag-Hunt game. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics. 86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2020.101535
Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response
Bavel, J., Baicker, K., Boggio, P., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., Crockett, M., Crum, A., Douglas, K., Druckman, J., Drury, J., Dube, O., Ellemers, N., Finkel, E., Fowler, J., Gelfand, M., Han, S., Haslam, S., Jetten, J., Kitayama, S., Mobbs, D., Napper, L., Packer, D., Pennycook, G., Peters, E., Petty, R., Rand, D., Reicher, S., Schnall, S., Shariff, A., Skitka, L., Smith, S., Sunstein, C., Tabri, N., Tucker, J., van der Linden, S., van Lange, P., Weeden, K., Wohl, M., Zaki, J., Zion, S. and Willer, R. 2020. Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour. 4 (5), pp. 460-471. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0884-z
Lying on networks: the role of structure and topology in promoting honesty
Capraro, V., Perc, M. and Vilone, D. 2020. Lying on networks: the role of structure and topology in promoting honesty. Physical Review E. 101 (3). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.101.032305
Social setting, intuition, and experience in lab experiments interact to shape cooperative decision-making
Capraro, V. and Cococcioni, G. 2015. Social setting, intuition, and experience in lab experiments interact to shape cooperative decision-making. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 282 (1811). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0237
Social heuristics and social roles: Intuition favors altruism for women but not for men
Rand, D., Brescoll, V., Everett, J., Capraro, V. and Barcelo, H. 2016. Social heuristics and social roles: Intuition favors altruism for women but not for men. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 145 (4), pp. 389-396. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000154
Liking but devaluing animals: emotional and deliberative paths to speciesism
Caviola, L. and Capraro, V. 2020. Liking but devaluing animals: emotional and deliberative paths to speciesism. Social Psychological and Personality Science. 11 (8), pp. 1080-1088. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550619893959
Priming intuition disfavors instrumental harm but not impartial beneficence
Capraro, V., Everett, J. and Earp, B. 2019. Priming intuition disfavors instrumental harm but not impartial beneficence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 83, pp. 142-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2019.04.006
Time pressure and honesty in a deception game
Capraro, V., Schulz, J. and Rand, D. 2019. Time pressure and honesty in a deception game. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics. 79, pp. 93-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2019.01.007
Gender differences in the trade-off between objective equality and efficiency
Capraro, V. 2020. Gender differences in the trade-off between objective equality and efficiency. Judgment and Decision Making. 15 (4), pp. 534-544.
The effect of norm-based messages on reading and understanding COVID-19 pandemic response governmental rules
Bilancini, E., Boncinelli, L., Capraro, V., Celadin, T. and Di Paolo, R. 2020. The effect of norm-based messages on reading and understanding COVID-19 pandemic response governmental rules . Journal of Behavioral Economics for Policy. 4, pp. 45-55.
"Do the right thing" for whom? An experiment on ingroup favouritism, group assorting and moral suasion
Bilancini, E., Boncinelli, L., Capraro, V., Celadin, T. and Di Paolo, R. 2020. "Do the right thing" for whom? An experiment on ingroup favouritism, group assorting and moral suasion. Judgment and Decision Making. 15 (2), pp. 182-192.
Translucent players: explaining cooperative behavior in social dilemmas
Capraro, V. and Halpern, J. 2019. Translucent players: explaining cooperative behavior in social dilemmas. Rationality and Society. 31 (4), pp. 371-408. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043463119885102
Increasing altruistic and cooperative behaviour with simple moral nudges
Capraro, V., Jagfeld, G., Klein, R., Mul, M. and de Pol, I. 2019. Increasing altruistic and cooperative behaviour with simple moral nudges. Scientific Reports. 9 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48094-4
The evolution of lying in well-mixed populations
Capraro, V., Perc, M. and Vilone, D. 2019. The evolution of lying in well-mixed populations. Journal of The Royal Society Interface. 16 (156). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0211
The power of moral words: loaded language generates framing effects in the extreme dictator game
Capraro, V. and Vanzo, A. 2019. The power of moral words: loaded language generates framing effects in the extreme dictator game. Judgment and Decision Making. 14 (3), pp. 309-317.
Author correction: Group size effects and critical mass in public goods games
Pereda, M., Capraro, V. and Sánchez, A. 2019. Author correction: Group size effects and critical mass in public goods games. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49306-7
Group size effects and critical mass in public goods games
Pereda, M., Capraro, V. and Sánchez, A. 2019. Group size effects and critical mass in public goods games. Scientific Reports. 9 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41988-3
Grand challenges in social physics: in pursuit of moral behavior
Capraro, V. and Perc, M. 2018. Grand challenges in social physics: in pursuit of moral behavior. Frontiers in Physics. 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2018.00107
Doing good vs. avoiding bad in prosocial choice: a refined test and extension of the morality preference hypothesis
Tappin, B. and Capraro, V. 2018. Doing good vs. avoiding bad in prosocial choice: a refined test and extension of the morality preference hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 79, pp. 64-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.06.005
Does the truth come naturally? Time pressure increases honesty in one-shot deception games
Capraro, V. 2017. Does the truth come naturally? Time pressure increases honesty in one-shot deception games. Economics Letters. 158, pp. 54-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2017.06.015
Gender differences in moral judgment and the evaluation of gender-specified moral agents
Capraro, V. and Sippel, J. 2017. Gender differences in moral judgment and the evaluation of gender-specified moral agents. Cognitive Processing. 18 (4), pp. 399-405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-017-0822-9
Deliberation favours social efficiency by making people disregard their relative shares: evidence from USA and India
Capraro, V., Corgnet, B., Espín, A. and Hernán-González, R. 2017. Deliberation favours social efficiency by making people disregard their relative shares: evidence from USA and India. Royal Society Open Science. 4 (2). https://doi.org/10.1098/RSOS.160605
To know or not to know? Looking at payoffs signals selfish behavior, but it does not actually mean so
Capraro, V. and Kuilder, J. 2016. To know or not to know? Looking at payoffs signals selfish behavior, but it does not actually mean so. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics. 65, pp. 79-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2016.08.005
People making deontological judgments in the Trapdoor dilemma are perceived to be more prosocial in economic games than they actually are
Capraro, V., Sippel, J., Zhao, B., Hornischer, L., Savary, M., Terzopoulou, Z., Faucher, P. and Griffioen, S. 2018. People making deontological judgments in the Trapdoor dilemma are perceived to be more prosocial in economic games than they actually are. PLoS ONE. 13 (10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205066
Social networks and citizen election forecasting: the more friends the better
Leiter, D., Murr, A., Rascon Ramirez, E. and Stegmaier, M. 2018. Social networks and citizen election forecasting: the more friends the better. International Journal of Forecasting. 34 (2), pp. 235-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2017.11.006
Gender differences in lying in sender-receiver games: a meta-analysis
Capraro, V. 2018. Gender differences in lying in sender-receiver games: a meta-analysis. Judgment and Decision Making. 13 (4), pp. 345-355.
Hierarchical invasion of cooperation in complex networks
Vilone, D., Capraro, V. and Ramasco, J. 2018. Hierarchical invasion of cooperation in complex networks. Journal of Physics Communications. 2 (2). https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/aaab2e
Do the right thing: experimental evidence that preferences for moral behavior, rather than equity or efficiency per se, drive human prosociality
Capraro, V. and Rand, D. 2018. Do the right thing: experimental evidence that preferences for moral behavior, rather than equity or efficiency per se, drive human prosociality. Judgment and Decision Making. 13 (1), pp. 99-111.
Push, don't nudge: behavioral spillovers and policy instruments
d'Adda, G., Capraro, V. and Tavoni, M. 2017. Push, don't nudge: behavioral spillovers and policy instruments. Economics Letters. 154, pp. 92-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2017.02.029
Deliberation favours social efficiency by making people disregard their relative shares: evidence from US and India
Capraro, V., Corgnet, B., Espín, A. and Hernán-González, R. 2017. Deliberation favours social efficiency by making people disregard their relative shares: evidence from US and India. Royal Society Open Science. 4 (2). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160605
Partner selection supported by opaque reputation promotes cooperative behavior
Capraro, V., Giardini, F., Vilone, D. and Paolucci, M. 2016. Partner selection supported by opaque reputation promotes cooperative behavior. Judgment and Decision Making. 11 (6), pp. 589-600.