A randomized controlled trial comparison of three music therapy formats on cognitive function and psychological well-being in normal aging

Article

Mangiacotti, A., Ward, E.V., Williams, S., Barone, C., Ataye, K., Asue, M.L., Behram, A., Hsu, M.H., Lovato, E., Zandona, A. and Franco, F. 2026. A randomized controlled trial comparison of three music therapy formats on cognitive function and psychological well-being in normal aging. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences . 81 (6). https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbag070
TypeArticle
TitleA randomized controlled trial comparison of three music therapy formats on cognitive function and psychological well-being in normal aging
AuthorsMangiacotti, A., Ward, E.V., Williams, S., Barone, C., Ataye, K., Asue, M.L., Behram, A., Hsu, M.H., Lovato, E., Zandona, A. and Franco, F.
Abstract

Objectives: Prior studies suggest a benefit of music-based activities for supporting cognitive function and psychological wellbeing in normal aging, but few have rigorously examined the effect of music therapy (MT) interventions in this population, or contrasted delivery format. We conducted a randomized controlled trial study investigating the effects of one-to-one, small-group, and large-group MT on cognitive functions and wellbeing in 62 older adults without cognitive impairment.
Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to one-to-one (M age=79.71), small-group (M age=82.00), or large-group (M age=79.83) conditions, and received structured MT sessions over 20-weeks, while a passive control group (M age=74.56) received no MT. Pre-post intervention measures assessed cognitive functions (memory, attention, executive function, verbal fluency) and wellbeing (general wellbeing, depression, sleep quality).
Results: Mixed ANOVAs indicated improvements pre-post intervention on several cognitive measures and depressive symptoms (main effects of Time) that varied as a function of MT format (Time x Group interactions). All MT groups showed improvements in cognitive functions pre-post intervention, while many cognitive scores declined in the control group. Further, all intervention groups showed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms pre-post intervention, while there was no change in the control group. Dynamic Bayesian Network analysis corroborated these trajectories and highlighted the influence of cognitive reserve and executive functions on intervention outcomes.
Discussion: This study provides evidence for the beneficial effect of MT on cognitive function and wellbeing in normal aging, suggesting that both individualised and group formats are advantageous. This has implications for supporting healthy aging through socially prescribed standardised protocols.

Keywordscognitive decline; healthy aging; music interventions; randomized controlled trial; social prescribing
Sustainable Development Goals3 Good health and well-being
Middlesex University ThemeHealth & Wellbeing
Research GroupCognitive Psychology and Neuroscience Research Group
PublisherOxford University Press (OUP)
JournalThe Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
ISSN1079-5014
Electronic1758-5368
Publication dates
Online21 May 2026
PrintJun 2026
Publication process dates
Submitted26 Aug 2025
Accepted11 Mar 2026
Deposited14 Apr 2026
Output statusPublished
Accepted author manuscript
License
File Access Level
Open
Supplemental file
File Access Level
Open
Copyright Statement

For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version of this paper, arising from this submission.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbag070
PubMed ID42161569
LanguageEnglish
Permalink -

https://repository.mdx.ac.uk/item/367zqz

Log in to edit

Download files

Accepted author manuscript
Manuscript_final accepted.pdf
License: CC BY 4.0
File access level: Open

Supplemental file
Supplementary materials_final accepted.pdf
File access level: Open

  • 42
    total views
  • 21
    total downloads
  • 1
    views this month
  • 1
    downloads this month

Export as

Related outputs

Empathy, prosociality and sustainable consumer behavior as statistical predictors of attitudes toward sustainable development in teacher education
Biasutti, M., Mannion, G., Evans, N.S., Elliott, P., Concina, E. and Mangiacotti, A.M.A. 2026. Empathy, prosociality and sustainable consumer behavior as statistical predictors of attitudes toward sustainable development in teacher education. Environmental Education Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2026.2684981
Four-days of passive heat acclimation increases exercise capacity in healthy older adults living in the UK
Wilson, L., Ward, E. and Oates, L. 2026. Four-days of passive heat acclimation increases exercise capacity in healthy older adults living in the UK. Healthcare. 14 (8). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14081005
Conceptual but not perceptual encoding leads to age differences in priming
Al-Abdulla, M.A. and Ward, E.V. 2026. Conceptual but not perceptual encoding leads to age differences in priming. Memory & Cognition. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-026-01873-7
Digital skills infusion in curriculum development: investigating instructors’ perspectives
Salhab, R., Jazzar, M., Hamad, N., Aubsaa, J., Arouri, Y., Hamaidi, D., Al‐Salaymeh, A., Dumitrache, A., Nedelcu, A., Firuta Tanacea, A., Farag, M.M.S., AboZaid, S.A., AboTalep, R.A., Shehadeh, A., Sholi, I., Marmash, F., Khalil, N.L., Abdelghany, B., Ramzy, O., Sameh, A., Biasutti, M., Concina, E., Mangiacotti, A., Barata, A., Carvalho, C., Nawaf Maaitah, O., Azzam Aljarrah, A., Bani Domi, H.A., Al‐khasawneh, A., Edwan, E. and Makrakis, V. 2025. Digital skills infusion in curriculum development: investigating instructors’ perspectives. Italian Journal of Educational Research. 34, pp. 175-190. https://doi.org/10.7346/sird-012025-p175
Music for displaced dyads: a mixed methods feasibility study on the impact of music therapy on the mental health and wellbeing of Ukrainian refugee families
Slabu, L., Coombes, E., Mangiacotti, A., Hadar, T and Franco, F. 2025. Music for displaced dyads: a mixed methods feasibility study on the impact of music therapy on the mental health and wellbeing of Ukrainian refugee families. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1707023
Music with displaced dyads: Ukrainian parents’ perspectives on a music therapy group
Hadar, T., Slabu, L., Franco, F., Fedotiuk, T. and Coombes, E. 2025. Music with displaced dyads: Ukrainian parents’ perspectives on a music therapy group. Journal of Loss and Trauma: International Perspectives on Stress and Coping. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2025.2556425
Music for displaced dyads (M4DD): a music therapy feasibility study for displaced Ukrainian parents and their pre-school children
Coombes, E., Slabu, L., Mangiacotti, A., Hadar, T. and Franco, F. 2025. Music for displaced dyads (M4DD): a music therapy feasibility study for displaced Ukrainian parents and their pre-school children. in: Coombes, E., Gracida, S. and Maclean, E. (ed.) Music Therapy with Displaced Persons: Trauma, Transformations and Cultural Connections London, UK Jessica Kingsley Publishers. pp. 212-232
Effects of one-to-one music therapy in older adults with cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial
Mangiacotti, M.A., Hsu, M.H., Barone, C., Van Puyvelde, M., Zandonà, A., Gabai, G., Biasutti, M. and Franco, F. 2024. Effects of one-to-one music therapy in older adults with cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. Psychology and Aging. 39 (8), pp. 960-982. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000861
Home musical activities boost premature infants' language development
Franco, F., Chifa, M. and Politimou, N. 2024. Home musical activities boost premature infants' language development. Children. 11 (5). https://doi.org/10.3390/children11050542
The impact of community music therapy intervention in older adults' care home communities: assessing community music therapists' views
Mangiacotti, A., Masotti, A. and Biasutti, M. 2024. The impact of community music therapy intervention in older adults' care home communities: assessing community music therapists' views. International Journal of Community Music. 17, pp. 37-60. https://doi.org/10.1386/ijcm_00096_1
Age differences in priming as a function of processing at encoding
Ward, E. 2024. Age differences in priming as a function of processing at encoding. Consciousness and Cognition. 117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2023.103626
Comparing the benefits of parent–infant flute and singing groups for communication and parenting: A feasibility study
Hadar, T., Politimou, N. and Franco, F. 2024. Comparing the benefits of parent–infant flute and singing groups for communication and parenting: A feasibility study. Psychology of Music. 52 (2), pp. 141-157. https://doi.org/10.1177/03057356231166759
Musicamente: musicoterapia nel contesto dei centri residenziali per anziani
Mangiacotti, A. and Biasutti, M. 2023. Musicamente: musicoterapia nel contesto dei centri residenziali per anziani. in: Musica e musicoterapia nella terza età: Indicazioni per la prevenzione e la cura delle sindromi involutive FrancoAngeli. pp. 93-114
Null effects of temporal prediction on recognition memory but evidence for differential neural activity at encoding. A registered report
Jones, A., Silas, J., Anderson, W. and Ward, E. 2023. Null effects of temporal prediction on recognition memory but evidence for differential neural activity at encoding. A registered report. Cortex. 169, pp. 130-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2023.09.006
The impact of temporal synchronisation imprecision on TRF analyses
Carta, S., Mangiacotti, A., Lopez Valdez, A., Reilly, R., Franco, F. and Di Liberto, G. 2023. The impact of temporal synchronisation imprecision on TRF analyses. Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109765
Development and validation of the Music Cognitive Test: A music-based cognitive screening test
Mangiacotti, A., Cipriani, G., Ward, E., Franco, F. and Biasutti, M. 2023. Development and validation of the Music Cognitive Test: A music-based cognitive screening test. Psychology of Music. 51 (2), pp. 373-394. https://doi.org/10.1177/03057356221100851
A user-guided personalization methodology to facilitate new smart home occupancy
Ali, S.M.M., Augusto, J., Windridge, D. and Ward, E. 2023. A user-guided personalization methodology to facilitate new smart home occupancy. Universal Access in the Information Society. 22 (3), pp. 869-891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-022-00883-x
Age and processing effects on perceptual and conceptual priming
Ward, E. 2023. Age and processing effects on perceptual and conceptual priming. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 76 (1), pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218221090128
Temporal expectation improves recognition memory for spatially attended objects
Jones, A., Ward, E., Csiszer, E. and Szymczak, J. 2022. Temporal expectation improves recognition memory for spatially attended objects. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 34 (9), pp. 1616-1629. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01872
Paranoid and misidentification subtypes of psychosis in dementia
Pearce, D., Gould, R., Roughley, M., Reynolds, G., Ward, E., Bhome, R. and Reeves, S. 2022. Paranoid and misidentification subtypes of psychosis in dementia. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 134, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104529
Singing to infants matters: early singing interactions affect musical preferences and facilitate vocabulary building
Franco, F., Suttora, C., Spinelli, M., Kozar, I. and Fasolo, M. 2022. Singing to infants matters: early singing interactions affect musical preferences and facilitate vocabulary building. Journal of Child Language. 49 (3), pp. 552-577. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000921000167
The soundscape of neonatal intensive care: a mixed-methods study of the parents' experience
Chifa, M., Hadar, T., Politimou, N., Reynolds, G. and Franco, F. 2021. The soundscape of neonatal intensive care: a mixed-methods study of the parents' experience. Children. 8 (8). https://doi.org/10.3390/children8080644
Evaluating a continuing professional development course on cognitive functions for Music Therapists working in care homes
Mangiacotti, A., Franco, F., Hsu, M. and Biasutti, M. 2021. Evaluating a continuing professional development course on cognitive functions for Music Therapists working in care homes. Arts in Psychotherapy. 74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2021.101800
Soundscapes of infant care and infant-directed communication in two hunter-gatherer societies
Lewis, J., Lewis, I. and Franco, F. 2021. Soundscapes of infant care and infant-directed communication in two hunter-gatherer societies. Hunter Gatherer Research. 7 (3-4), pp. 181-202. https://doi.org/10.3828/hgr.2024.2
Music training improves depressed mood symptoms in elderly people: a randomized controlled trial
Biasutti, M. and Mangiacotti, A. 2021. Music training improves depressed mood symptoms in elderly people: a randomized controlled trial. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development. 92 (1), pp. 115-133. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415019893988
The effective music teacher: a model for predicting music teacher's self-efficacy
Biasutti, M., Concina, E., Deloughry, C., Frate, S., Konkol, G., Mangiacotti, A., Pance, B.R. and Vidulin, S. 2021. The effective music teacher: a model for predicting music teacher's self-efficacy. Psychology of Music. 49 (6), pp. 1498-1514. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735620959436
The impact of the home musical environment on infants' language development
Papadimitriou, A., Smythe, C., Politimou, N., Franco, F. and Stewart, L. 2021. The impact of the home musical environment on infants' language development. Infant Behavior and Development. 65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101651
Sing for me, Mama! Infants' discrimination of novel vowels in song
Falk, S., Fasolo, M., Genovese, G., Romero-Lauro, L. and Franco, F. 2021. Sing for me, Mama! Infants' discrimination of novel vowels in song. Infancy. 26 (2), pp. 248-270. https://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12387
Memory improvement in aging as a function of exposure to mood-matching music
Ward, E., Isac, A., Donnelly, M., Van Puyvelde, M. and Franco, F. 2021. Memory improvement in aging as a function of exposure to mood-matching music. Acta Psychologica. 212, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103206
Melodic expectations in 5- to 6-year-old children
Politimou, N., Douglass-Kirk, P., Pearce, M., Stewart, L. and Franco, F. 2021. Melodic expectations in 5- to 6-year-old children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.105020
The German Music@Home: validation of a questionnaire measuring at home musical exposure and interaction of young children
Schaal, N., Politimou, N., Franco, F., Stewart, L. and Müllensiefen, D. 2020. The German Music@Home: validation of a questionnaire measuring at home musical exposure and interaction of young children. PLoS ONE. 15 (8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235923
Attività musicali per contrastare il declino cognitivo negli anziani
Mangiacotti, A. 2020. Attività musicali per contrastare il declino cognitivo negli anziani. in: Coppi, A. (ed.) Donare-Donarsi: Relazioni, Iterdipendenze e Inclusione nella Pedagogia della Community Music Libreria Musicale Italiana. pp. 207
L’importanza della valutazione del paziente. Apporti e contributi nella musicoterapia.
Mangiacotti, A. 2020. L’importanza della valutazione del paziente. Apporti e contributi nella musicoterapia. in: Stefani, M.D., Guadagnini, M. and Schön, A. (ed.) Le libere improvvisazioni. La regola e l'eccezione dai percorsi musicali ai percorsi di cura Cleup.
Aging predicts decline in explicit and implicit memory: a life-span study
Ward, E., Berry, C., Shanks, D., Moller, P. and Czsiser, E. 2020. Aging predicts decline in explicit and implicit memory: a life-span study. Psychological Science. 31 (9), pp. 1071-1083. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620927648
Rhythmic temporal structure at encoding enhances recognition memory
Jones, A. and Ward, E. 2019. Rhythmic temporal structure at encoding enhances recognition memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 31 (10), pp. 1549-1562. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01431
Born to speak and sing: musical predictors of language development in pre-schoolers
Politimou, N., Dalla Bella, S., Faruggia, N. and Franco, F. 2019. Born to speak and sing: musical predictors of language development in pre-schoolers. Frontiers in Psychology. 10, pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00948
Multicomponent frailty assessment tools for older people with psychiatric disorders: a systematic review
Sutton, J., Gould, R., Coulson, M., Ward, E., Butler, A., Smith, M., Lavelle, G., Rosa, A., Langridge, M. and Howard, R. 2019. Multicomponent frailty assessment tools for older people with psychiatric disorders: a systematic review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 67 (5), pp. 1085-1095. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15710
Assessing a cognitive music training for older participants: a randomised controlled trial
Biasutti, M. and Mangiacotti, A. 2018. Assessing a cognitive music training for older participants: a randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 33 (2), pp. 271-278. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4721
Effetti della partecipazione a gruppi musicali per genitori e infanti su sviluppo comunicativo e genitorialità: confronto fra gruppi di flauto e di canto
Hadar, T., Boem, S. and Franco, F. 2018. Effetti della partecipazione a gruppi musicali per genitori e infanti su sviluppo comunicativo e genitorialità: confronto fra gruppi di flauto e di canto. in: Degli Stefani, M. and Guadagnini, M. (ed.) Gruppi sonori: Dalla tradizione alla cura Padova, Italy Cleup. pp. 162-189
Implicit memory and cognitive aging [Reference item]
Ward, E. and Shanks, D. 2018. Implicit memory and cognitive aging [Reference item]. in: Braddick, O. (ed.) Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology Oxford University Press (OUP).
Music@Home: a novel instrument to assess the home musical environment in the early years
Politimou, N., Stewart, L., Müllensiefen, D. and Franco, F. 2018. Music@Home: a novel instrument to assess the home musical environment in the early years. PLoS ONE. 13 (4). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193819
Testing literacy educational software to develop design guidelines for children with Autism
Tuedor, M., Franco, F., White, A.S., Smith, S. and Adams, R. 2018. Testing literacy educational software to develop design guidelines for children with Autism. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education. 66 (1), pp. 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2018.1450494
Reduced recognition and priming in older relative to young adults for incidental and intentional information
Ward, E. 2018. Reduced recognition and priming in older relative to young adults for incidental and intentional information. Consciousness and Cognition. 57, pp. 62-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2017.11.006
Predictors of treatment outcome in depression in later life: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Tunvirachaisakul, C., Gould, R., Coulson, M., Ward, E., Reynolds, G., Gathercole, R., Grocott, H., Supasitthumrong, T., Tunvirachaisakul, A., Kimona, K. and Howard, R. 2018. Predictors of treatment outcome in depression in later life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders. 227, pp. 164-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.008
Does study duration have opposite effects on recognition and repetition priming?
Berry, C., Ward, E. and Shanks, D. 2017. Does study duration have opposite effects on recognition and repetition priming? Journal of Memory and Language. 97, pp. 154-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2017.07.004
Simple mindreading abilities predict complex theory of mind: developmental delay in autism spectrum disorders
Pino, M., Mazza, M., Mariano, M., Peretti, S., Dimitriou, D., Masedu, F., Valenti, M. and Franco, F. 2017. Simple mindreading abilities predict complex theory of mind: developmental delay in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 47 (9), pp. 2743-2756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3194-1
A benefit of context reinstatement to recognition memory in aging: the role of familiarity processes
Ward, E., Maylor, E., Poirier, M., Korko, M. and Ruud, J. 2017. A benefit of context reinstatement to recognition memory in aging: the role of familiarity processes. Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition. 24 (6), pp. 735-754. https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2016.1256371
Preschoolers' attribution of affect to music: a comparison between vocal and instrumental performance
Franco, F., Chew, M. and Swaine, J. 2017. Preschoolers' attribution of affect to music: a comparison between vocal and instrumental performance. Psychology of Music. 45 (1), pp. 131-149. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735616652954
Emotion-related musical variables affect person perception: Differential effects for men and women in a synchronization task
Franco, F. and Angelova, S. 2016. Emotion-related musical variables affect person perception: Differential effects for men and women in a synchronization task. Interaction Studies: Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems. 17 (2), pp. 306-320. https://doi.org/10.1075/is.17.2.06fra
Editorial: The aging decision-maker: advances in understanding the impact of cognitive change on decision-making
Ward, E. and Dhami, M. 2016. Editorial: The aging decision-maker: advances in understanding the impact of cognitive change on decision-making. Frontiers in Psychology. 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01622
Psychometric properties of multicomponent tools designed to assess frailty in older adults: A systematic review
Sutton, J., Gould, R., Daley, S., Coulson, M., Ward, E., Butler, A., Nunn, S. and Howard, R. 2016. Psychometric properties of multicomponent tools designed to assess frailty in older adults: A systematic review. BMC Geriatrics. 16 (1), pp. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-016-0225-2
Tests of pattern separation and pattern completion in humans - a systematic review
Liu, K., Gould, R., Coulson, M., Ward, E. and Howard, R. 2016. Tests of pattern separation and pattern completion in humans - a systematic review. Hippocampus. 26 (6), pp. 705-717. https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo.22561
The interaction of music and language in the ontogenesis of human communication: a multimodal parent-infant co-regulation system.
Van Puyvelde, M., Franco, F. and HRI Online Publications, 2015. The interaction of music and language in the ontogenesis of human communication: a multimodal parent-infant co-regulation system. in: Timmers, R., Dibben, N., Eitan, Z., Granot, R., Metcalfe, T., Schiavio, A. and Williamsom, V. (ed.) Proceedings of ICMEM 2015 HRI Online Publications. pp. 1-8
Facilitating support groups for siblings of children with neurodevelopmental disorders using audioconferencing: a longitudinal feasibility study
Gettings, S., Franco, F. and Santosh, P. 2015. Facilitating support groups for siblings of children with neurodevelopmental disorders using audioconferencing: a longitudinal feasibility study. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. 9 (8), pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-015-0041-z
Greater priming for previously distracting information in young than older adults when suppression is ruled out
Ward, E., De Mornay Davies, P. and Politimou, N. 2015. Greater priming for previously distracting information in young than older adults when suppression is ruled out. Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition. 22 (6), pp. 712-730. https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2015.1035224
Affect-matching music improves cognitive performance in adults and young children for both positive and negative emotions
Franco, F., Swaine, J., Israni, S., Zaborowska, K., Kaloko, F., Kesavarajan, I. and Majek, J. 2014. Affect-matching music improves cognitive performance in adults and young children for both positive and negative emotions. Psychology of Music. 42 (6), pp. 869-887. https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735614548500
Can children with autism read emotions from the eyes? The eyes test revisited
Franco, F., Itakura, S., Pomorska, K., Abramowski, A., Nikaido, K. and Dimitriou, D. 2014. Can children with autism read emotions from the eyes? The eyes test revisited. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 35 (5), pp. 1015-1026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.01.037
Can young children recognize emotion in the human voice?
Franco, F. and Martiskova, J. 2010. Can young children recognize emotion in the human voice? in: Klčovanská, E. and Topoľská, A. (ed.) Psychologická teória a prax očami absolventa KP FF TU - Proceedings of Trnava Annual Conference Trnava (Slovakia) Trnavská univerzita v Trnave (Trnava University Press). pp. 125-132
Meaning and entrainment in language and music
Franco, F. and Cross, I. 2012. Meaning and entrainment in language and music. Empirical Musicology Review. 7 (1-2), pp. 2-4.
Embodied attention in infant pointing
Franco, F. 2013. Embodied attention in infant pointing. in: Metcalfe, J., Sparrow, B. and Terrace, H. (ed.) Agency and joint attention Oxford University Press (OUP).
Music of language, language of music
Franco, F., Brunswick, N. and De Mornay Davies, P. 2010. Music of language, language of music. The Psychologist. 23 (11), pp. 913-914.
An effect of age on implicit memory that is not due to explicit contamination: implications for single and multiple-systems theories
Ward, E., Berry, C. and Shanks, D. 2013. An effect of age on implicit memory that is not due to explicit contamination: implications for single and multiple-systems theories. Psychology and Aging. 28 (2), pp. 429-442. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031888
Age effects on explicit and implicit memory
Ward, E., Berry, C. and Shanks, D. 2013. Age effects on explicit and implicit memory. Frontiers in Psychology. 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00639
Theory of mind and preschoolers’ understanding of implicit causality in verbs: a comparison between Serbian and Hungarian children.
Major, A., Franco, F. and Zotovic, M. 2010. Theory of mind and preschoolers’ understanding of implicit causality in verbs: a comparison between Serbian and Hungarian children. Psihologija. 43 (2), pp. 187-198. https://doi.org/10.2298/PSI1002187M
Mental, emotion and vision verbs: implicit causality and the development of folk psychological beliefs in preschoolers.
Franco, F. and Regber, L. 2007. Mental, emotion and vision verbs: implicit causality and the development of folk psychological beliefs in preschoolers. 37th Annual Meeting of the Jean Piaget Society on "Developmental social cognitive neuroscience". Amsterdam, the Netherlands 31 May - 02 Jun 2007
Research seminars on music and language [part of Society section]
Franco, F., Brunswick, N. and De Mornay Davies, P. 2010. Research seminars on music and language [part of Society section]. The Psychologist. 23 (11), pp. 913-914.
The role of belief veracity in understanding intentions-in-action: preschool children's performance on the transparent intentions task
Russell, J., Hill, E. and Franco, F. 2001. The role of belief veracity in understanding intentions-in-action: preschool children's performance on the transparent intentions task. Cognitive Development. 16 (3), pp. 775-792. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0885-2014(01)00057-0
Cross-linguistic developmental evidence of implicit causality in visual perception and cognition verbs.
Franco, F., Levorato, C., Tasso, A. and Russell, J. 2000. Cross-linguistic developmental evidence of implicit causality in visual perception and cognition verbs. in: Perkins, M. and Howard, S. (ed.) New directions in language development and disorders. New York Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. pp. 189-198
Infant pointing: Harlequin, servant of two masters.
Franco, F. 2005. Infant pointing: Harlequin, servant of two masters. in: Eilan, N., Hoerl, C., McCormack, T. and Roessler, J. (ed.) Joint Attention: communication and other minds. Issues in Philosophy and Psychology. Oxford University Press (OUP). pp. 129-164
Is infant initiation of joint attention by pointing affected by type of interaction?
Franco, F., Perucchini, P. and March, B. 2009. Is infant initiation of joint attention by pointing affected by type of interaction? Social Development. 18 (1), pp. 51-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00464.x
A follow-up study on Italian late talkers: development of language, short-term memory, phonological awareness, impulsiveness, and attention
D'Odorico, L., Assanelli, A., Franco, F. and Jacob, V. 2007. A follow-up study on Italian late talkers: development of language, short-term memory, phonological awareness, impulsiveness, and attention. Applied Psycholinguistics. 28 (1), pp. 157-169. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716406070081
Dynamic aspects of visual event perception and the production of pointing by human infants
Butterworth, G., Franco, F., McKenzie, B., Graupner, L. and Todd, B. 2002. Dynamic aspects of visual event perception and the production of pointing by human infants. Journal of Developmental Psychology. 20 (1), pp. 1-24.
Toddlers' pointing when joint attention is obstructed
Franco, F. and Gagliano, A. 2001. Toddlers' pointing when joint attention is obstructed. First Language. 21 (63), pp. 289-321. https://doi.org/10.1177/014272370102106305