The hidden arsenic legacy in mid-19th century papered microscope slides
Article
Pantoja Munoz, L. and Jones, H. 2025. The hidden arsenic legacy in mid-19th century papered microscope slides. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 71, pp. 38-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2024.11.002
| Type | Article |
|---|---|
| Title | The hidden arsenic legacy in mid-19th century papered microscope slides |
| Authors | Pantoja Munoz, L. and Jones, H. |
| Abstract | This study investigated the presence of arsenic in Victorian-era microscope slides, particularly those con- taining green pigments. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Raman, Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma –Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) were employed to analyse the elemental composition of pigments on the slides. The analysis identified arsenic primarily in green pigments containing emerald green but also in some red pigments. To assess the prevalence of slides potentially containing arsenic, a separate analysis was conducted examining the colour of slides in existing collections. Across two data sources, focusing on slides with accompanying images, around 10 % of slides were identified to contain green pigment. Extrapolating this prevalence to UK collections suggests a potential for hundreds of thousands of slides to contain arsenic, posing potential health risks during handling and raising concerns about proper disposal practices. This research highlights a previously unrecognised occupational and environmental hazard associated with historical slides. The study emphasises the importance of responsible handling and disposal prac- tices for slides containing arsenic pigments, particularly those coloured green and red, to minimise health and environmental risks. We propose guidelines for safe handling and disposal practices, alongside out- reach activities to raise awareness among stakeholders. |
| Keywords | Fuchsine; Rosaniline; Emerald green; Papered microscope slides; Museum collections |
| Sustainable Development Goals | 3 Good health and well-being |
| Middlesex University Theme | Health & Wellbeing |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Journal | Journal of Cultural Heritage |
| ISSN | 1296-2074 |
| Electronic | 1778-3674 |
| Publication dates | |
| Online | 20 Nov 2024 |
| Jan 2025 | |
| Publication process dates | |
| Submitted | 09 Aug 2024 |
| Accepted | 04 Nov 2024 |
| Deposited | 17 Apr 2026 |
| Output status | Published |
| Publisher's version | License File Access Level Open |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2024.11.002 |
| Language | English |
https://repository.mdx.ac.uk/item/368195
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| The-hidden-arsenic-legacy-in-mid-19th-century-paper_2025_Journal-of-Cultural.pdf | ||
| License: CC BY 4.0 | ||
| File access level: Open | ||
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