A critical test of the changing routes versus changing deadlines debate in print to sound translation.

The aim of the current series of experiments is to validate the above claims by employing the peculiarities of Turkish orthography.Previously, Raman et. al. (1996) found evidence for lexical involvement in single-word naming, i.e frequency effect, in the transparent Turkish orthography.
This frequency effect was eliminated when an equal number of matched nonword fillers were added to the list.
When nonword fillers are as fast as target words a significant frequency effect persists.
When target words are read in the presence of slow, longer word fillers the impact on frequency is similar to previously used slow nonword fillers, i.e. null frequency effect.
The results suggest that the naming latencies for nonwords (and words) embedded as fillers in a set of target high and low frequency words has a differential impact on word frequency, not the mere presence of nonwords.