Nanomedicines and microneedles: A guide to their analysis and application

Article

Sully, R., Moore, C., Garelick, H., Loizidou, E., Podoleanu, A. and Gubala, V. 2021. Nanomedicines and microneedles: A guide to their analysis and application. Analytical Methods. 13 (30), pp. 3326-3347. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ay00954k
TypeArticle
TitleNanomedicines and microneedles: A guide to their analysis and application
AuthorsSully, R., Moore, C., Garelick, H., Loizidou, E., Podoleanu, A. and Gubala, V.
Abstract

The fast-advancing progress in the research of nanomedicine and microneedles application in the past two decades have suggested that the combination of the two concepts could help to overcome some of the challenges we are facing in healthcare. These include poor patient compliance with medication and the lack of appropriate administration forms that enable the optimal dose to reach the target site. Nanoparticles as drug vesicles can protect their cargo and deliver it to the target site, while evading the body’s defence mechanisms. Unfortunately, despite intense research on nanomedicine in the past 20 years, we still haven’t answered some crucial questions, e.g. about their colloidal stability in solution and their optimal formulation, which makes the translation of this exciting technology from lab bench to a viable product difficult.
Dissolvable microneedles could be an effective way to maintain and stabilise nano-sized formulations, whilst enhancing the ability of nanoparticles to penetrate the stratum corneum barrier. Both concepts have been individually investigated fairly well and many analytical techniques for tracking the fate of the nanomaterial with their precious cargo, both in vitro and in vivo, have been established. Yet, to the best of our knowledge, a comprehensive overview of the analytical tools encompassing the concepts of microneedles and nanoparticles with specific and successful examples is missing. In this review, we have attempted to briefly analyse the challenges associated with nanomedicine itself but crucially, we provide an easy-to-navigate scheme of methods, suitable for characterisation and imaging the physico-chemical properties of the material matrix.

Research GroupBiophysics and Bioengineering group
PublisherRoyal Society of Chemistry
JournalAnalytical Methods
ISSN1759-9660
Electronic1759-9679
Publication dates
Online27 Jul 2021
Print05 Aug 2021
Publication process dates
Deposited16 Jul 2021
Accepted07 Jul 2021
Output statusPublished
Publisher's version
License
Accepted author manuscript
File Access Level
Restricted
Copyright Statement

This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ay00954k
Web of Science identifierWOS:000677749200001
LanguageEnglish
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Multi-criteria analysis for the assessment of options for the mitigation/remediation of arsenic in drinking water.
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Evaluation study of the IHM project on the evaluation of the accreditation of health and social care managers: a pilot.
Weller, G. and Garelick, H. 2010. Evaluation study of the IHM project on the evaluation of the accreditation of health and social care managers: a pilot. London Middlesex University.
Technical note: effects of arsenate (AS5+) on growth and production of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCS) in Chlorella Vulgaris
Jiang, Y., Purchase, D., Jones, H. and Garelick, H. 2011. Technical note: effects of arsenate (AS5+) on growth and production of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCS) in Chlorella Vulgaris. International Journal of Phytoremediation. 13 (8), pp. 834-844. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2010.525560
A novel enzymatic composition effective for prion degradation
Okoroma, E., Purchase, D., Garelick, H. and Abiola, O. 2011. A novel enzymatic composition effective for prion degradation. Society for General Microbiology Spring Conference. Harrogate, UK 11 - 14 Apr 2011
European MSc programs in nuclear sciences: to meet the need of stakeholders.
Skipperud, L., Salbu, B., Priest, N., Garelick, H., Tamponnet, T., Abbott, A. and Mitchell, P. 2011. European MSc programs in nuclear sciences: to meet the need of stakeholders. Nuclear Engineering and Design. 241 (4), pp. 1013-1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.03.018
Keratin degradation by proteolytic microorganisms isolated from activated sludge and farmyard manure: possible application in decontamination of prion protein
Purchase, D., Garelick, H., Okoroma, E., Christen, H. and Abiola, O. 2007. Keratin degradation by proteolytic microorganisms isolated from activated sludge and farmyard manure: possible application in decontamination of prion protein. BAGECO 9: 9th Symposium on Bacterial Genetics and Ecology. Wernigerode, Germany
The development of work based learning for sustainable environmental education.
Garelick, H., Rounce, K. and Garnett, J. 2007. The development of work based learning for sustainable environmental education. World Environmental Education Congress 2007. Durban, South Africa 02 - 06 Jul 2007
Remediation technologies for the removal of arsenic from water and wastewater
Garelick, H., Bollinger, J., Bux, K., Caussy, D., Dybowska, A., Ellis, J., Feldmann, J., Jones, H., Priest, N., Shevah, Y., Sneddon, R., Valsami-Jones, E. and Visoottiviseth, P. 2005. Remediation technologies for the removal of arsenic from water and wastewater. 43rd IUPAC General Assembly. Beijing, China 13 - 21 Aug 2005
The development of a doctorate in Professional Studies in Health.
Rounce, K., Garelick, H., Vernon, L. and Portwood, D. 2005. The development of a doctorate in Professional Studies in Health. in: Rounce, K. and Workman, B. (ed.) Work based learning in health care: applications and innovations. Kingsham Press.
Sanitation and disease: health aspects of excreta and wastewater management.
Feachem, R., Bradley, D., Garelick, H. and Mara, D. 1983. Sanitation and disease: health aspects of excreta and wastewater management. Published for the World Bank by Wiley.
Water and health. [Chapter 6 of 'Sustainable water: chemical science priorities summary report']
Green, C., Donner, E., Faulkner, H., Garelick, H., Jones, H., Revitt, D. and Lundy, L. 2007. Water and health. [Chapter 6 of 'Sustainable water: chemical science priorities summary report']. Royal Society of Chemistry.
Safe water.
Garelick, H. 2002. Safe water. in: Dawood, R. (ed.) Travellers' health: how to stay healthy abroad. OUP.
Pollutant biodegradation potentials on airport surfaces.
Revitt, D., Garelick, H. and Worrall, P. 2002. Pollutant biodegradation potentials on airport surfaces. in: Strecker, E. and Huber, W. (ed.) Global solutions for urban drainage. American Society of Civil Engineers.
Existing competence and infrastructure in radiation protection training at postgraduate level within the EU and new entrant states.
Mitchell, P., Bowden, L., Vintro, L., García-Tenorio, R., Garelick, H., Holm, E., Kovacs, T., Kovats, N., Priest, N., Salbu, B., Skipperud, L. and Tamponnet, C. 2005. Existing competence and infrastructure in radiation protection training at postgraduate level within the EU and new entrant states. ETRAP2005 Conference (3rd International Conference on Education and Training in Radiological Protection). Brussels, Belgium 23 - 25 Nov 2005
Keratinase production by proteolytic micro-organisms in activated sludge and farmyard waste.
Okoroma, E., Purchase, D., Garelick, H. and Abiola, O. 2008. Keratinase production by proteolytic micro-organisms in activated sludge and farmyard waste. Society for General Microbiology, Autumn Meeting. Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland 08 - 11 Sep 2008
Bacterial keratinase: prospects for prion degradation.
Okoroma, E., Purchase, D., Garelick, H. and Abiola, O. 2009. Bacterial keratinase: prospects for prion degradation. Society for General Microbiology, Spring Meeting. Harrogate, UK 30 Mar - 02 Apr 2009
Mitigating arsenic pollution: bridging the gap between knowledge and practice
Garelick, H. and Jones, H. 2008. Mitigating arsenic pollution: bridging the gap between knowledge and practice. Chemistry International. 30 (4).
Organisational involvement in supporting the learned professional
Weller, G., Garelick, H., Naylor, D. and Sherry, R. 2010. Organisational involvement in supporting the learned professional. Work Based Learning e-Journal International. 1 (1), pp. 106-124.
A biokinetic model to describe the distribution and excretion of arsenic by man following acute and chronic intakes of arsenite/arsenate compounds by ingestion.
Adeyemi, A., Garelick, H. and Priest, N. 2010. A biokinetic model to describe the distribution and excretion of arsenic by man following acute and chronic intakes of arsenite/arsenate compounds by ingestion. Human and Experimental Toxicology. 29 (11), pp. 891-902. https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327110364912
Antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter species isolated from edible bivalve molluscs purchased from Bangkok markets, Thailand
Soonthornchaikul, N. and Garelick, H. 2009. Antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter species isolated from edible bivalve molluscs purchased from Bangkok markets, Thailand. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 6 (8), pp. 947-951. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2008.0236
Degradation of scrapie infected brain homogenateby a novel bacterial keratinase
Okoroma, E., Purchase, D., Garelick, H., Jen, A., Morris, R. and Abiola, O. 2009. Degradation of scrapie infected brain homogenateby a novel bacterial keratinase. Prion 2009. Chalkidiki, Greece 23 - 25 Sep 2009
A multi-criteria approach for assessing options to remediate arsenic in drinking water
Ellis, J. and Garelick, H. 2009. A multi-criteria approach for assessing options to remediate arsenic in drinking water. in: Garelick, H. and Jones, H. (ed.) Reviews of environmental contamination: international perspectives on arsenic pollution and remediation New York Springer.
Constructed wetland control of BOD levels in airport runoff
Adeola, S., Revitt, D., Shutes, B., Garelick, H., Jones, H. and Jones, C. 2009. Constructed wetland control of BOD levels in airport runoff. International Journal of Phytoremediation. 11 (1), pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226510802363220
Work based learning for the development of the chemistry professional.
Garelick, H., Page, A. and Weller, G. 2008. Work based learning for the development of the chemistry professional. 2nd International IUPAC Conference on Green Chemistry. 14 - 19 September 2008
Arsenic pollution sources
Garelick, H., Jones, H., Dybowska, A. and Valsami-Jones, E. 2008. Arsenic pollution sources. in: Garelick, H. and Jones, H. (ed.) Reviews of environmental contamination: international perspectives on arsenic pollution and remediation New York Springer.
Resistance to three antimicrobial agents of Campylobacter isolated from organically- and intensively-reared chickens purchased from retail outlets
Soonthornchaikul, N., Garelick, H., Jones, H., Jacobs, J., Ball, D. and Choudhury, M. 2006. Resistance to three antimicrobial agents of Campylobacter isolated from organically- and intensively-reared chickens purchased from retail outlets. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 27 (2), pp. 125-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.09.020
Remediation technologies for arsenic contaminated drinking waters.
Garelick, H., Dybowska, A., Valsami-Jones, E. and Priest, N. 2005. Remediation technologies for arsenic contaminated drinking waters. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 5 (3), pp. 182-190. https://doi.org/10.1065/jss2005.06.140
An investigation into arsenic(V) removal from aqueous solutions by hydroxylapatite and bone-char.
Sneddon, I., Garelick, H. and Valsami-Jones, E. 2005. An investigation into arsenic(V) removal from aqueous solutions by hydroxylapatite and bone-char. Mineralogical Magazine. 69 (5), pp. 769-780. https://doi.org/10.1180/0026461056950287
Minimum requirements for reporting analytical data for environmental samples.(IUPAC Technical Report).
Egli, H., Dassenakis, M., Garelick, H., Grieken, R., Peijnenburg, W., Klasinc, L., Kördel, W., Priest, N. and Tavares, T. 2003. Minimum requirements for reporting analytical data for environmental samples.(IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (8), pp. 1097-1106. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200375081097
Hydrocarbon removal in an experimental gravel bed constructed wetland
Shutes, B., Katima, J., Omari, K., Revitt, D. and Garelick, H. 2003. Hydrocarbon removal in an experimental gravel bed constructed wetland. Water Science & Technology. 48 (5), pp. 275-282. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0333
An assessment of the toxicity of some pesticides and their metabolites affecting a natural aquatic environment using the Microtox (TM) system
Amoros, I., Connon, R., Garelick, H., Alonso, J. and Carrasco, J. 2000. An assessment of the toxicity of some pesticides and their metabolites affecting a natural aquatic environment using the Microtox (TM) system. Water Science & Technology. 42 (1-2), pp. 19-24. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0285
Comparison and recovery of escherichia coli and thermotolerant coliforms in water with a chromogenic medium incubated at 41 and 44.5°C
Alonso, J., Soriano, A., Carbajo, O., Amoros, I. and Garelick, H. 1999. Comparison and recovery of escherichia coli and thermotolerant coliforms in water with a chromogenic medium incubated at 41 and 44.5°C. Applied Environmental Microbiology. 65 (8), pp. 3746-3749.
The microbiology associated with glycol removal in constructed wetlands
Chong, S., Garelick, H., Revitt, D., Shutes, B., Worrall, P. and Brewer, D. 1999. The microbiology associated with glycol removal in constructed wetlands. Water Science & Technology. 40 (3), pp. 99-107. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0145
Quantitative determination of escherichia coli in water using CHROMagar® E. coli
Alonso, J., Amoros, I., Chong, S. and Garelick, H. 1996. Quantitative determination of escherichia coli in water using CHROMagar® E. coli. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 25 (3), pp. 309-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-7012(96)00002-4
Preparation and immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine
Pellegrini, V., Fineschi, N., Matteucci, G., Marsili, I., Nencioni, L., Puddu, M., Garelick, H. and Zuckerman, A. 1993. Preparation and immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine. Vaccine. 11 (3), pp. 383-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-410X(93)90204-B
Characterization of a hepatitis A virus strain suitable for vaccine production
Fineschi, N., Cavalieri, F., Garelick, H., Prugnola, A., Pellegrini, V. and Zuckerman, A. 1991. Characterization of a hepatitis A virus strain suitable for vaccine production. Journal of Hepatology. 13, pp. S146-S151. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-8278(91)90048-G
Persistence of hepatitis A virus in fulminant hepatitis and after liver transplantation.
Fagan, E., Yousef, G., Brahm, J., Garelick, H., Mann, G., Wolstenholme, A., Portmann, B., Harrison, T., Mowbray, J., Mowat, A., Zuckerman, A. and Williams, D. 1990. Persistence of hepatitis A virus in fulminant hepatitis and after liver transplantation. Journal of Medical Virology. 30 (2), pp. 131-136. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.1890300210
Cytotoxicity of fusobacterium ulcerans
Adriaans, B. and Garelick, H. 1989. Cytotoxicity of fusobacterium ulcerans. Journal of Medical Microbiology. 29 (3), pp. 177-180. https://doi.org/10.1099/00222615-29-3-177
Comparison of edmonston-zagreb and schwarz strains of measles vaccine given by aerosol or subcutaneous injection
Khanum, S., Garelick, H., Nasir, U., Mann, G. and Tomkins, A. 1987. Comparison of edmonston-zagreb and schwarz strains of measles vaccine given by aerosol or subcutaneous injection. The Lancet. 329 (8525), pp. 150-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(87)91978-7
Concentration of virus from tap water at ambient salt and pH levels using positively charged filter media
Garelick, H. and Scutt, J. 1981. Concentration of virus from tap water at ambient salt and pH levels using positively charged filter media. Water Research. 15 (7), pp. 815-816. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(81)90134-2