Recommendations for the user-specific enhancement of flood maps

Article

Meyer, V., Kuhlicke, C., Luther, J., Fuchs, S., Priest, S., Dorner, W., Serrhini, K., Pardoe, J., McCarthy, S., Seidel, J., Palka, G., Unnerstall, H., Viavattene, C. and Scheuer, S. 2012. Recommendations for the user-specific enhancement of flood maps. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 12, pp. 1701-1716. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-1701-2012
TypeArticle
TitleRecommendations for the user-specific enhancement of flood maps
AuthorsMeyer, V., Kuhlicke, C., Luther, J., Fuchs, S., Priest, S., Dorner, W., Serrhini, K., Pardoe, J., McCarthy, S., Seidel, J., Palka, G., Unnerstall, H., Viavattene, C. and Scheuer, S.
Abstract

The European Union Floods Directive requires the establishment of flood maps for high risk areas in all European member states by 2013. However, the current practice of flood mapping in Europe still shows some deficits. Firstly, flood maps are frequently seen as an information tool rather than a communication tool. This means that, for example, local stocks of knowledge are not incorporated. Secondly, the contents of flood maps often do not match the requirements of the end-users. Finally, flood maps are often designed and visualised in a way that cannot be easily understood by residents at risk and/or that is not suitable for the respective needs of public authorities in risk and event management. The RISK MAP project examined how end-user participation in the mapping process may be used to overcome these barriers and enhance the communicative power of flood maps, fundamentally increasing their effectiveness.
Based on empirical findings from a participatory approach that incorporated interviews, workshops and eye-tracking tests, conducted in five European case studies, this paper outlines recommendations for user-specific enhancements of flood maps. More specific, recommendations are given with regard to (1) appropriate stakeholder participation processes, which allow incorporating local knowledge and preferences, (2) the improvement of the contents of flood maps by considering user-specific needs and (3) the improvement of the visualisation of risk maps in order to produce user-friendly and understandable risk maps for the user groups concerned. Furthermore, "idealised" maps for different user groups are presented: for strategic planning, emergency management and the public.

Research GroupFlood Hazard Research Centre
PublisherEuropean Geosciences Union
JournalNatural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
ISSN1561-8633
Publication dates
Print2012
Publication process dates
Deposited03 Jun 2013
Output statusPublished
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-1701-2012
LanguageEnglish
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McCarthy, S., Tunstall, S., Parker, D., Faulkner, H. and Howe, J. 2007. Risk communication in emergency response to a simulated extreme flood. Environmental Hazards: Human and Policy Dimensions. 7 (3), pp. 179-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envhaz.2007.06.003
Review article: assessing the costs of natural hazards - state of the art and knowledge gaps
Meyer, V., Becker, N., Markantonis, V., Schwarze, R., Van Den Bergh, J., Bouwer, L., Bubeck, P., Ciavola, P., Genovese, E., Green, C., Hallegate, S., Kreibich, H., Lequeux, Q., Logar, I., Papyrakis, E., Pfurtscheller, C., Poussin, J., Przyluski, V., Thieken, A. and Viavattene, C. 2013. Review article: assessing the costs of natural hazards - state of the art and knowledge gaps. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 13 (5), pp. 1351-1373. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1351-2013
Assessing the costs of natural hazards - state of the art and the way forward
Meyer, V., Schwarze, R., Becker, N., Markantonis, V., Van Der Bergh, J., Bouwer, L., Bubeck, P., Ciavola, P., Genovese, E., Green, C., Hallegatte, S., Kreibich, H., Lequeux, Q., Logar, I., Papyrakis, E., Pfurtscheller, C., Poussin, J., Przyluski, V., Thieken, A. and Viavattene, C. 2015. Assessing the costs of natural hazards - state of the art and the way forward. in: Quevaullier, P. (ed.) Hydrometeorological hazards: interfacing science and policy WileyBlackwell. pp. 255-290
Coastal risk assessment framework guidance document
Viavattene, C., Jiménez, J., Owen, D., Priest, S., Parker, D., Micou, P. and Ly, S. 2015. Coastal risk assessment framework guidance document. None.
Citizen observatories as facilitators of change in water governance? Experiences from three European cases
Wehn, U., McCarthy, S., Lanfranchi, V. and Tapsell, S. 2015. Citizen observatories as facilitators of change in water governance? Experiences from three European cases. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal. 14 (9), pp. 2073-2086.
Cooperative agreements between water supply companies and farmers in Dorset
Viavattene, C., McCarthy, S., Green, C. and Pardoe, J. 2015. Cooperative agreements between water supply companies and farmers in Dorset. in: Lago, M., Mysiak, J., Gomez, C., Delacamara, G. and Maziotis, A. (ed.) Use of Economic Instruments in Water PolicyInsights from International Experience Switzerland Springer International Publishing.
Social vulnerability to natural hazards
Tapsell, S., McCarthy, S., Faulkner, H., Alexander, M., Steinführer, A., Kuhlicke, C., Brown, S., Walker, G., Pellizzoni, L., Scolobig, A., De Marchi, B., Bianchizza, C., Supramaniam, M. and Kallis, G. 2010. Social vulnerability to natural hazards. European Commission.
Developing models to estimate the benefits from flood warnings
Parker, D., Priest, S., Schildt, A. and Handmer, J. 2008. Developing models to estimate the benefits from flood warnings. European Commission. https://doi.org/T10-07-12
Socio-economic and ecological evaluation and modelling methodologies
Tapsell, S., Priest, S., Parker, D., Penning-Rowsell, E., Viavattene, C., Wilson, T., Handmer, J., Wijdeveld, A., Haasnoot, M., Penailillo, R., van den Ende,, F., van Noort,, P., Messner,, F., Meyer, V., Haase, D., Scheuer, S., Schildt, A., Lutoff, C. and Ruin, I. 2008. Socio-economic and ecological evaluation and modelling methodologies. European Commission.
Developing models to estimate the benefits from flood warnings: executive summary
Parker, D., Priest, S., Tapsell, S., Handmer, J. and Schildt, A. 2008. Developing models to estimate the benefits from flood warnings: executive summary. European Commission. https://doi.org/T10-08-11
Building models to estimate loss of life for flood events: executive summary
Priest, S., Tapsell, S., Penning-Rowsell, E., Viavattene, C. and Wilson, T. 2008. Building models to estimate loss of life for flood events: executive summary. European Commission. https://doi.org/T10-08-10
Developing a conceptual model of flood impacts upon human health
Tapsell, S., Tunstall, S. and Priest, S. 2009. Developing a conceptual model of flood impacts upon human health. European Commission.
A review of literature on citizen science: contribution to WP6
Tapsell, S. and McCarthy, S. 2014. A review of literature on citizen science: contribution to WP6. in: A Review of Literature on Citizen Science: Contribution to WP6 European Commission FP7 ENV.2012.6.5-1. pp. 1-65
Building a model to estimate risk to life for European flood events – final report
Priest, S., Wilson, T., Tapsell, S., Penning-Rowsell, E., Viavattene, C. and Fernandez-Bilbao, A. 2007. Building a model to estimate risk to life for European flood events – final report. European Commission. https://doi.org/T10-07-10
Encouraging stakeholder participation (D6.22)
McCarthy, S. and Tapsell, S. 2014. Encouraging stakeholder participation (D6.22). in: Encouraging stakeholder participation (D6.22) European Commission FP7 ENV.2012.6.5-1. pp. 1-47
Flood risk management in Europe: the flood problem and interventions
Green, C., Dieperink, K., Ek, K., Hegger, D., Pettersson, M., Priest, S. and Tapsell, S. 2013. Flood risk management in Europe: the flood problem and interventions. European Commission.
Requirement analysis for citizen observatories (including stakeholder sensor adoption and usage). D6.21
McCarthy, S., Tapsell, S., McDonagh, R., Vita, L., Kim, A. and Uta, W. 2014. Requirement analysis for citizen observatories (including stakeholder sensor adoption and usage). D6.21. in: Requirement analysis for citizen observatories (including stakeholder sensor adoption and usage). D6.21 European Commission FP7 ENV.2012.6.5-1. pp. 1-147
Sustainable urban drainage system modelling for managing urban surface water flood risk
Ellis, J. and Viavattene, C. 2014. Sustainable urban drainage system modelling for managing urban surface water flood risk. CLEAN-Soil, Air & Water. 42 (2), pp. 153-159. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201300225
Evolving interregional co-operation in flood risk management: distances and types of partnership approaches in Austria
Thaler, T., Priest, S. and Fuchs, S. 2016. Evolving interregional co-operation in flood risk management: distances and types of partnership approaches in Austria. Regional Environmental Change. 16 (3), pp. 841-853. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-015-0796-z
Evaluation of alternative pollutant emission control strategies to urban water systems using substance flow analysis
Lundy, L., Revitt, D., Eriksson, E. and Viavattene, C. 2011. Evaluation of alternative pollutant emission control strategies to urban water systems using substance flow analysis. 12th International Conference on Urban Drainage. Porto Alegre, Brazil 11 - 16 Sep 2011
Communication and engagement techniques in local flood risk management. Companion guide
Daly, D., Jodieri, R., McCarthy, S., Pygott, K., Wright, M. and CIRIA 2015. Communication and engagement techniques in local flood risk management. Companion guide. London Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA).
Communication and engagement in local flood risk management
Daly, D., Jodieri, R., McCarthy, S., Pygott, K., Wright, M. and CIRIA 2015. Communication and engagement in local flood risk management. London Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA).
RISC-KIT: Resilience-Increasing Strategies for Coasts - toolKIT
Van Dongeren, A., Ciavola, P., Viavattene, C., De Kleermaeker, S., Martinez, G., Ferreira, O., Costa, C. and McCall, R. 2014. RISC-KIT: Resilience-Increasing Strategies for Coasts - toolKIT. Journal of Coastal Research. https://doi.org/10.2112/SI70-062.1
Library of Coastal Vulnerability Indicators
Owen, D., Micou, P., Viavattene, C., Parker, D. and Priest, S. 2015. Library of Coastal Vulnerability Indicators. EU FP7 RISC-KIT Project.
Library of Coastal Vulnerability Indicators guidance document
Viavattene, C., Micou, P., Owen, D., Priest, S. and Parker, D. 2015. Library of Coastal Vulnerability Indicators guidance document. Middlesex University.
The rationales of resilience in English and Dutch flood risk policies
Wiering, M., Green, C., Van Rijswick, H., Priest, S. and Keessen, A. 2015. The rationales of resilience in English and Dutch flood risk policies. Journal of Water and Climate Change. 6 (1), pp. 38-54. https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2014.017
Comparison of pollutant emission control strategies for cadmium and mercury in urban water systems using substance flow analysis
Revitt, D., Lundy, L., Eriksson, E. and Viavattene, C. 2013. Comparison of pollutant emission control strategies for cadmium and mercury in urban water systems using substance flow analysis. Journal of Environmental Management. 116, pp. 172-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.12.007
Sharing the burden of adapting to increasing flood risk: who pays for flood insurance and flood risk management investment in the United Kingdom
Penning-Rowsell, E. and Priest, S. 2015. Sharing the burden of adapting to increasing flood risk: who pays for flood insurance and flood risk management investment in the United Kingdom. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. 20 (6), pp. 991-1009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-014-9622-z
Partnership funding in flood risk management: new localism debate and policy in England
Thaler, T. and Priest, S. 2014. Partnership funding in flood risk management: new localism debate and policy in England. Area. 46 (4), pp. 418-425. https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12135
The many uncertainties in flood loss assessments
Chatterton, J., Penning-Rowsell, E. and Priest, S. 2014. The many uncertainties in flood loss assessments. in: Beven, K. and Hall, J. (ed.) Applied uncertainty analysis for flood risk management London Imperial College Press. pp. 335-356
Review of international flood insurance and recovery mechanisms: Implications for New Zealand and the resilience of older people - research summary
Priest, S. 2014. Review of international flood insurance and recovery mechanisms: Implications for New Zealand and the resilience of older people - research summary. Centre for Research Evaluation and Social Assessment, New Zealand.
Review of international flood insurance and recovery mechanisms: Implications for New Zealand and the resilience of older people
Priest, S. 2014. Review of international flood insurance and recovery mechanisms: Implications for New Zealand and the resilience of older people. Centre for Research Evaluation and Social Assessment, New Zealand.
Narrowing the focus: public understanding of flood maps in the River Thames catchment
Priest, S., Pardoe, J., McCarthy, S. and Viavattene, C. 2011. Narrowing the focus: public understanding of flood maps in the River Thames catchment. in: Zenz, G. and Hornich, R. (ed.) Urban Flood Risk Management: Approaches to enhance resilience of communities, Proceedings of the International Symposium, 21st-23rd September 2011 Graz Technischen Universitat Graz. pp. 309-314
The evolution of UK flood insurance: incremental change over six decades
Penning-Rowsell, E., Priest, S. and Johnson, C. 2014. The evolution of UK flood insurance: incremental change over six decades. International Journal of Water Resources Development. 30 (4), pp. 694-713. https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2014.903166
Flood resilience community pathfinder evaluation: rapid evidence assessment
Twigger-Ross, C., Kashefi, E., Weldon, S., Brooks, K., Deeming, H., Forrest, S., Fielding, J., Gomersall, A., Harries, T., McCarthy, S., Orr, P., Parker, D. and Tapsell, S. 2014. Flood resilience community pathfinder evaluation: rapid evidence assessment. London, UK Defra.
Stormwater modeling and sustainable management in highly urbanised areas
Ellis, J. and Viavattene, C. 2014. Stormwater modeling and sustainable management in highly urbanised areas. in: Eslamian, S. (ed.) Handbook of Engineering Hydrology: Environmental Hydrology & Water Management Boca Raton, Florida. US CRC Press. pp. 347-363
Framework for assessing uncertainty in fluvial flood risk mapping
Beven, K., Leedal, D. and McCarthy, S. 2014. Framework for assessing uncertainty in fluvial flood risk mapping. London, UK CIRIA.
Translating the complexities of flood risk science using KEEPER - a knowledge exchange exploratory tool for professionals in emergency response
Alexander, M., Viavattene, C., Faulkner, H. and Priest, S. 2014. Translating the complexities of flood risk science using KEEPER - a knowledge exchange exploratory tool for professionals in emergency response. Journal of Flood Risk Management. 7 (3), pp. 205-216. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12042
The management of urban surface water flood risks: SUDS performance in flood reduction from extreme events
Viavattene, C. and Ellis, J. 2013. The management of urban surface water flood risks: SUDS performance in flood reduction from extreme events. Water Science & Technology. 67 (1), pp. 99-108. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.537
Integrated modelling for urban surface water exceedance flows
Ellis, J., Viavattene, C., Chlebek, J. and Hetherington, D. 2012. Integrated modelling for urban surface water exceedance flows. Proceedings of the ICE - Water Management. 165 (10), pp. 543-552. https://doi.org/10.1680/wama.12.00029
The fallibility of flood warning chains: can Europe’s flood warnings be effective?
Parker, D. and Priest, S. 2012. The fallibility of flood warning chains: can Europe’s flood warnings be effective? Water Resources Management. 26 (10), pp. 2927-2950. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-012-0057-6
Flood risk communication
Faulkner, H., Tunstall, S. and McCarthy, S. 2010. Flood risk communication. in: Pernder, G. and Faulkner, H. (ed.) Flood risk science and management WileyBlackwell.
An uncertainty index to measure the feasibility of Whole-Life Cycle Costing approach in flood risk management
Viavattene, C. and Faulkner, H. 2012. An uncertainty index to measure the feasibility of Whole-Life Cycle Costing approach in flood risk management. Journal of Flood Risk Management. 5 (3), pp. 215-225. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318X.2012.01140.x
Flood and coastal erosion risk management: a manual for economic appraisal
Penning-Rowsell, E., Priest, S., Parker, D., Morris, J., Tunstall, S., Viavattene, C., Chatterton, J. and Owen, D. 2013. Flood and coastal erosion risk management: a manual for economic appraisal. London, UK Routledge.
Economic evaluation of structural and non-structural flood risk management measures: examples from the Mulde river
Meyer, V., Priest, S. and Kuhlicke, C. 2012. Economic evaluation of structural and non-structural flood risk management measures: examples from the Mulde river. Natural Hazards. 62 (2), pp. 301-324.
Assessing options for the development of surface water flood warning in England and Wales
Priest, S., Parker, D., Hurford, A., Walker, J. and Evans, K. 2011. Assessing options for the development of surface water flood warning in England and Wales. Journal of Environmental Management. 92 (12), pp. 3038-3048.
Modelling the potential damage-reducing benefits of flood warnings using European cases
Priest, S., Parker, D. and Tapsell, S. 2011. Modelling the potential damage-reducing benefits of flood warnings using European cases. Environmental Hazards: Human and Policy Dimensions. 10 (2), pp. 101-120. https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2011.579335
Emission control strategies for short-chain chloroparaffins in two semi-hypothetical case cities
Eriksson, E., Revitt, D., Holten Lützhøft, H., Viavattene, C., Lundy, L. and Steen Mikkelsen, P. Rauch, S. and Morrison, G. (ed.) 2012. Emission control strategies for short-chain chloroparaffins in two semi-hypothetical case cities. Springer.
Developing a process for stakeholder participation in flood risk mapping
Priest, S., Pardoe, J., McCarthy, S., Meyer, V., Kuhlicke, C. and Luther, J. 2012. Developing a process for stakeholder participation in flood risk mapping. Klijn, F. and Schweckendiek, T. (ed.) London CRC Press. pp. 185-186
Perspectives on social capacity building for natural hazards: Outlining an emerging field of research and practice in Europe
Kuhlicke, C., Steinführer, A., Begg, C., Bianchizza, C., Bründl, M., Buchecker, M., De Marchi, B., Di Masso Tarditti, M., Höppner, C., Komac, B., Lemkow, L., Luther, J., McCarthy, S., Pellizzoni, L., Renn, O., Scolobig, A., Supramaniam, M., Tapsell, S., Wachinger, G., Walker, G., Whittle, R., Zorn, M. and Faulkner, H. 2011. Perspectives on social capacity building for natural hazards: Outlining an emerging field of research and practice in Europe. Environmental Science & Policy. 14 (7), pp. 804-814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2011.05.001
Surface water flood warning requirements and potential in England and Wales
Parker, D., Priest, S. and McCarthy, S. 2011. Surface water flood warning requirements and potential in England and Wales. Applied Geography. 31 (3), pp. 891-900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.01.002
The application of a GIS-based BMP selection tool for the evaluation of hydrologic performance and storm flow reduction.
Viavattene, C., Ellis, J., Revitt, D., Sieker, H. and Peters, C. 2010. The application of a GIS-based BMP selection tool for the evaluation of hydrologic performance and storm flow reduction. NovaTech 2010, 7th International Conference on 'Sustainable techniques and strategies in Urban Water Management'. Lyon, France 27 Jun - 01 Jul 2010
Emission control strategies for short-chain chloroparaffins in two semi-hypothetical case cities
Eriksson, E., Revitt, D., Holten Lützhøft, H., Viavattene, C., Lundy, L. and Mikkelsen, P. 2010. Emission control strategies for short-chain chloroparaffins in two semi-hypothetical case cities. 10th Urban Environment Symposium; Urban Futures for a Sustainable World. Gothenburg, Sweden 09 - 11 Jun 2010
Flood risk management in England: a changing landscape of risk responsibility?
Johnson, C. and Priest, S. 2008. Flood risk management in England: a changing landscape of risk responsibility? International Journal of Water Resources Development. 24 (4), pp. 513-525. https://doi.org/10.1080/07900620801923146
Understanding and enhancing the public's behavioural response to flood warning information.
Parker, D., Priest, S. and Tapsell, S. 2009. Understanding and enhancing the public's behavioural response to flood warning information. Meteorological Applications. 16 (1), pp. 103-114. https://doi.org/10.1002/met.119
RPA stakeholder and policy: final report work package 7.3. Risk communication: inter-professional flood risk management.
McCarthy, S., Tunstall, S. and Faulkner, H. 2008. RPA stakeholder and policy: final report work package 7.3. Risk communication: inter-professional flood risk management. Flood Hazard Research Centre, Middlesex University.
An uncertainty index to measure the feasibility of whole life costing approach in flood risk management.
Viavattene, C. and Faulkner, H. 2009. An uncertainty index to measure the feasibility of whole life costing approach in flood risk management. Road Map Towards a Flood Resilient Urban Environment, Proceedings Final conference of the COST action C22 Urban Flood Management.. Paris, France.
Flood risk management and planning policy in a time of policy transition: the case of the Wapshott Road Planning Inquiry, Surrey, England.
Tunstall, S., McCarthy, S. and Faulkner, H. 2009. Flood risk management and planning policy in a time of policy transition: the case of the Wapshott Road Planning Inquiry, Surrey, England. Journal of Flood Risk Management. 2 (3), pp. 159-169. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318X.2009.01030.x
The costs of the summer 2007 floods in England.
Chatterton, J., Viavattene, C., Morris, J., Penning-Rowsell, E., Tapsell, S., Flood Hazard Research Centre and Cranfield University, Department of Natural Resources 2010. The costs of the summer 2007 floods in England. Bristol, UK Environment Agency.
Development of a database to support the assessment of potential source control and treatment options for priority pollutants.
Viavattene, C., Revitt, D., Lundy, L., Donner, E., Cerk, M., Eriksson, E. and Seriki, K. 2009. Development of a database to support the assessment of potential source control and treatment options for priority pollutants. SETAC Europe, 19th Annual Meeting (Proceedings of). Gothenburg, Sweden 31 May - 04 Jun 2009
A GIS based Decision Support System tool dedicated to the implementation of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems.
Viavattene, C., Lundy, L., Revitt, D. and Ellis, J. 2008. A GIS based Decision Support System tool dedicated to the implementation of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems. 11th International Conference on Storm Drainage (Proceedings of). Edinburgh, UK 31 Aug - 05 Sep 2008
Contextual influences on national level flood risk communication.
McCarthy, S. 2007. Contextual influences on national level flood risk communication. Environmental Hazards. 7 (2), pp. 128-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envhaz.2007.06.002
Confronting flood risk: implications for insurance and risk transfer
Treby, E., Clark, M. and Priest, S. 2006. Confronting flood risk: implications for insurance and risk transfer. Journal of Environmental Management. 81 (4), pp. 351-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.11.010
Flood insurance: the challenge of the uninsured
Priest, S., Clark, M. and Treby, E. 2005. Flood insurance: the challenge of the uninsured. Area. 37 (3), pp. 295-302. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2005.00633.x
New insights into the benefits of flood warnings: results from a household survey in England and Wales.
Parker, D., McCarthy, S. and Tunstall, S. 2007. New insights into the benefits of flood warnings: results from a household survey in England and Wales. Environmental Hazards. 7 (3), pp. 193-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envhaz.2007.08.005
Enhancing the human benefits of flood warnings
Parker, D., McCarthy, S. and Tapsell, S. 2007. Enhancing the human benefits of flood warnings. Natural Hazards. 43 (3), pp. 397-414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-007-9137-y