A combination of cherry juice and cold water immersion does not enhance marathon recovery compared to either treatment in isolation: a randomized placebo-controlled trial

Article


Difranco, I., Cockburn, E., Dimitriou, L., Paice, K., Sinclair, S., Faki, T., Hills, F., Gondek, M., Wood, A. and Wilson, L. 2022. A combination of cherry juice and cold water immersion does not enhance marathon recovery compared to either treatment in isolation: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.957950
TypeArticle
TitleA combination of cherry juice and cold water immersion does not enhance marathon recovery compared to either treatment in isolation: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
AuthorsDifranco, I., Cockburn, E., Dimitriou, L., Paice, K., Sinclair, S., Faki, T., Hills, F., Gondek, M., Wood, A. and Wilson, L.
Abstract

Purpose: Cherry juice (CJ) and cold water immersion (CWI) are both effective recovery strategies following strenuous endurance exercise. However, athletes routinely combine recovery interventions and less is known about the impact of a combined CJ and CWI protocol. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of combining CWI and CJ (a “cocktail” (CT)) on inflammation and muscle damage following a marathon.
Methods: A total 39 endurance trained males were randomly assigned to a placebo (PL), CWI, CJ, or CT group before completing a trail marathon run. Muscle damage (creatine kinase (CK)), muscle function (maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)), and inflammation (interleukin-6 (IL-6); C-reactive protein (CRP)) were measured at baseline, immediately after marathon (only IL-6), 24 h, and 48 h after marathon.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences between groups and no group × time interaction effects for any of the dependent variables. Confidence intervals (CI) illustrated that CT had unclear effects on inflammation (IL-6; CRP) and MVIC, but may have increased CK to a greater extent than PL and CJ conditions.
Conclusion: There is no evidence of an additive effect of CJ and CWI when the treatments are used in conjunction with each other. On the contrary, combining CJ and CWI may result in slightly increased circulating CK.

Keywordsinflammation; muscle function; endurance athletes; cryotherapy; phytochemicals
Sustainable Development Goals3 Good health and well-being
Middlesex University ThemeHealth & Wellbeing
Research GroupPhysiology at the London Sport Institute
PublisherFrontiers Media S.A.
JournalFrontiers in Sports and Active Living
ISSN2624-9367
Electronic2624-9367
Publication dates
Online19 Aug 2022
Print19 Aug 2022
Publication process dates
Deposited23 Aug 2022
Accepted27 Jul 2022
Submitted31 May 2022
Output statusPublished
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Copyright Statement

COPYRIGHT
© 2022 Difranco, Cockburn, Dimitriou, Paice, Sinclair, Faki, Hills, Gondek, Wood and Wilson.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.957950
Web of Science identifierWOS:000849642600001
LanguageEnglish
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Low radial BMD is associated with reduced femoral cross sectional area in female ballet dancers: 797: June 1 8: 30 AM-8: 45 AM
Cooke, K., Dimitriou, L. and McCormack, M. 2007. Low radial BMD is associated with reduced femoral cross sectional area in female ballet dancers: 797: June 1 8: 30 AM-8: 45 AM. ACsm. LWW.
Determinants of Olympic fencing performance and implications for strength and conditioning training
Turner, A., James, N., Dimitriou, L., Greenhalgh, A., Moody, J., Fulcher, D., Mias, E. and Kilduff, L. 2014. Determinants of Olympic fencing performance and implications for strength and conditioning training. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 28 (10), pp. 3001-3011. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000478
A time-motion analysis of turns performed by highly ranked Viennese waltz dancers
Prosen, J., James, N., Dimitriou, L., Perš, J. and Vučković, G. 2013. A time-motion analysis of turns performed by highly ranked Viennese waltz dancers. Journal of Human Kinetics. 37 (1). https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0025
Influence of a montmorency cherry juice blend on indices of exercise-induced stress and upper respiratory tract symptoms following marathon running—a pilot investigation
Dimitriou, L., Hill, J., Jehnali, A., Dunbar, J., Brouner, J., McHugh, M. and Howatson, G. 2015. Influence of a montmorency cherry juice blend on indices of exercise-induced stress and upper respiratory tract symptoms following marathon running—a pilot investigation. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 12 (1), pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-015-0085-8
Bone mineral density, rib pain and other features of the female athlete triad in elite lightweight rowers
Dimitriou, L., Weiler, R., Lloyd-Smith, R., Turner, A., Heath, L., James, N. and Reid, A. 2014. Bone mineral density, rib pain and other features of the female athlete triad in elite lightweight rowers. BMJ Open. 4 (2), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004369
Circadian effects on the acute responses of salivary cortisol and IgA in well trained swimmers
Dimitriou, L., Sharp, N. and Doherty, M. 2002. Circadian effects on the acute responses of salivary cortisol and IgA in well trained swimmers. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 36 (4), pp. 260-264. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.36.4.260
Comparison of lung volume in Greek swimmers, land based athletes, and sedentary controls using allometric scaling
Doherty, M. and Dimitriou, L. 1997. Comparison of lung volume in Greek swimmers, land based athletes, and sedentary controls using allometric scaling. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 31 (4), pp. 337-341. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.31.4.337
Placental syndecan-1 and sulphated glycosaminoglycans are decreased in preeclampsia
Heyer-Chauhan, N., Ovbude, I., Hills, A., Sullivan, M. and Hills, F. 2013. Placental syndecan-1 and sulphated glycosaminoglycans are decreased in preeclampsia. Journal of Perinatal Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2013-0097
IGFBP-1 in the placenta, membranes and fetal circulation: levels at term and preterm delivery
Hills, F., Gunn, L., Hardiman, P., Thanaratnam, S. and Chard, T. 1996. IGFBP-1 in the placenta, membranes and fetal circulation: levels at term and preterm delivery. Early Human Development. 44 (1), pp. 71-76.
Differential proteolysis of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) in pregnancy
Hills, F., Iles, R. and Sullivan, M. 2013. Differential proteolysis of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) in pregnancy. Journal of Perinatal Medicine. 41 (3), pp. 241-249. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2012-0086
Insulin-like growth factor-II and heparin are anti-apoptotic survival factors in human villous cytotrophoblast
Hills, F., Mehmet, H. and Sullivan, M. 2012. Insulin-like growth factor-II and heparin are anti-apoptotic survival factors in human villous cytotrophoblast. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 163 (1), pp. 11-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.03.013
Superovulation, IGFBP-1 and birth weight.
Johnson, M., Irvine, R., Hills, F., Bolton, V., Abbas, A., Brooks, A., Allman, A., Chard, T. and Nicolaides, K. 1995. Superovulation, IGFBP-1 and birth weight. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Biology. 59 (2), pp. 193-195.
The effects of labor on maternal and fetal levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1
Hills, F., Crawford, R., Harding, S., Farkas, F. and Chard, T. 1994. The effects of labor on maternal and fetal levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 171 (5), pp. 1292-1295.
Insulin-related growth factor binding protein-1 levels in ovum donation pregnancies.
Brooks, A., Johnson, M., Hills, F., Chard, T., Irvine, R. and Abdalla, H. 1995. Insulin-related growth factor binding protein-1 levels in ovum donation pregnancies. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Biology. 59 (1), pp. 91-94.
Elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in fetal distress.
Crawford, R., Hills, F., Farkas, A. and Chard, T. 1995. Elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in fetal distress. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 102 (7), pp. 538-540.
Lack of evidence for a circadian rhythm of IGFBP-1 in the mother and fetus during labour.
Harding, S., Mensah, A., Hills, F., Howell, R. and Chard, T. 1995. Lack of evidence for a circadian rhythm of IGFBP-1 in the mother and fetus during labour. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 102 (11), pp. 891-893.
Raised circulating levels of interleukin-6 in women with an intrauterine contraceptive device.
Wolley, J., Saleem, S., Hills, F., Salem, H., El-Nashar, E. and Chard, T. 1996. Raised circulating levels of interleukin-6 in women with an intrauterine contraceptive device. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 42 (4), pp. 241-243.
Circulating levels of IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-1 throughout pregnancy: relation to birthweight and maternal weight.
Hills, F., English, J. and Chard, T. 1996. Circulating levels of IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-1 throughout pregnancy: relation to birthweight and maternal weight. Journal of Endocrinology. 148 (2), pp. 303-309. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1480303
Antenatal dexamethasone therapy does not affect circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1.
Ogueh, O., Hills, F., Chard, T. and Johnson, M. 1998. Antenatal dexamethasone therapy does not affect circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1. Human Reproduction. 13 (6), pp. 1714-1716. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/13.6.1714
Effects of co-trimoxazole, erythromycin, amoxycillin, tetracycline and chloroquine on sperm function in vitro
Hargreaves, C., Rogers, S., Hills, F., Rahman, F., Howell, R. and Homa, S. 1998. Effects of co-trimoxazole, erythromycin, amoxycillin, tetracycline and chloroquine on sperm function in vitro. Human Reproduction. 13 (7), pp. 1878-1886.
Reciprocal imprinting of human GRB10 in placental trophoblast and brain: evolutionary conservation of reversed allelic expression
Monk, D., Arnaud, P., Frost, J., Hills, F., Stanier, P., Feil, R. and Moore, G. 2009. Reciprocal imprinting of human GRB10 in placental trophoblast and brain: evolutionary conservation of reversed allelic expression. Human Molecular Genetics. 18 (16), pp. 3066-3074. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddp248
Heparin prevents programmed cell death in human trophoblast
Hills, F., Abrahams, V., Gonzalez-Timon, B., Francis, J., Cloke, B., Hinkson, L., Rai, R., Regan, L., Mor, G., Sullivan, M., Lam, E. and Brosens, J. 2006. Heparin prevents programmed cell death in human trophoblast. Molecular Human Reproduction. 12 (4), pp. 237-242.
A longitudinal study of maternal plasma insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 concentrations during normal pregnancy and pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia
Anim-Nyame, N., Hills, F., Soorana, S., Steer, P. and Johnson, M. 2000. A longitudinal study of maternal plasma insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 concentrations during normal pregnancy and pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia. Human Reproduction. 15 (10), pp. 2215-2219. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/15.10.2215
Interactions between progesterone receptor isoforms in myometrial cells in human labour
Pieber, D., Allport, V., Hills, F., Johnson, M. and Bennett, P. 2001. Interactions between progesterone receptor isoforms in myometrial cells in human labour. Molecular Human Reproduction. 7 (9), pp. 875-879. https://doi.org/10.1093/molehr/7.9.875
Regulated expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription, Stat5, and its enhancement of PRL expression in human endometrial stromal cells in vitro
Mak, I., Brosens, J., Christian, M., Hills, F., Chamley, L., Regan, L. and White, J. 2002. Regulated expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription, Stat5, and its enhancement of PRL expression in human endometrial stromal cells in vitro. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 87 (6), pp. 2581-2588. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.87.6.2581
Progesterone represses interleukin-8 and cyclo-oxygenase-2 in human lower segment fibroblast cells and amnion epithelial cells
Loudon, J., Elliott, C., Hills, F. and Bennett, P. 2003. Progesterone represses interleukin-8 and cyclo-oxygenase-2 in human lower segment fibroblast cells and amnion epithelial cells. Biology of Reproduction. 69 (1), pp. 331-337.
The relationship between insulin and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 is modified by pre-eclampsia.
Anim-Nyame, N., Hills, F., Soorana, S., Steer, P. and Johnson, M. 2003. The relationship between insulin and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 is modified by pre-eclampsia. Gynecological endocrinology.. 17 (6), pp. 471-476. https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590312331290408
The insulin-like growth factor system in mammalian pregnancy: a workshop report
Carter, A., Hills, F., O'Gorman, D., Robets, C., Soorana, S., Watson, C. and Westwood, M. 2004. The insulin-like growth factor system in mammalian pregnancy: a workshop report. Placenta. 25 (Supple), pp. S53-S56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2004.01.019
Imprinting of IGF2 P0 transcript and novel alternatively spliced INS-IGF2 isoforms show differences between mouse and human
Monk, D., Sanches, R., Arnaud, P., Apostolidou, S., Hills, F., Abu-Amero, S., Murrell, A., Friess, H., Reik, W. and Stanier, P. 2006. Imprinting of IGF2 P0 transcript and novel alternatively spliced INS-IGF2 isoforms show differences between mouse and human. Human Molecular Genetics. 15 (8), pp. 1259-1269. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddl041
STOX1 is not imprinted and is not likely to be involved in preeclampsia.
Hills, F., Iglesias-Platas, I., Jebbink, J. and Monk, D. 2007. STOX1 is not imprinted and is not likely to be involved in preeclampsia. Nature Genetics. 39 (3), pp. 279-280. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0307-279
Limited evolutionary conservation of imprinting in the human placenta
Hills, F., Apostolidou, S., Arnaud, P. and Monk, D. 2006. Limited evolutionary conservation of imprinting in the human placenta. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (17), pp. 6623-6628. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0511031103
Regulation of human villous trophoblast by insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1
Hills, F., Chard, T., Elder, M. and Sullivan, M. 2004. Regulation of human villous trophoblast by insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1. Journal of Endocrinology. 183 (3), pp. 487-496. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.05867
Polyclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha Fab used as an ancillary treatment for severe malaria
Looareesuwan, S., Sjorstrom, L., Krudsood, S., Wilairatana, P., Porter, R., Hills, F. and Warrell, D. 1999. Polyclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha Fab used as an ancillary treatment for severe malaria. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 61 (1), pp. 26-33. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.61.26
Mechanism of action of the intrauterine contraceptive device: evidence for a specific biochemical deficiency in the endometrium
Seleem, S., Hills, F., Salem, H., El-Nashar, E. and Chard, T. 1996. Mechanism of action of the intrauterine contraceptive device: evidence for a specific biochemical deficiency in the endometrium. Human Reproduction. 11 (6), pp. 1220-1222.