Cold water immersion offers no functional or perceptual benefit compared to a sham intervention during a resistance training program

Article

Wilson, L., Dimitriou, L., Hills, F., Gondek, M., Van Wyk, A., Turek, V., Rivkin, T., Villiere, A., Jarvis, P., Miller, S., Turner, A. and Cockburn, E. 2021. Cold water immersion offers no functional or perceptual benefit compared to a sham intervention during a resistance training program. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 35 (10), pp. 2720-2727. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000004097
TypeArticle
TitleCold water immersion offers no functional or perceptual benefit compared to a sham intervention during a resistance training program
AuthorsWilson, L., Dimitriou, L., Hills, F., Gondek, M., Van Wyk, A., Turek, V., Rivkin, T., Villiere, A., Jarvis, P., Miller, S., Turner, A. and Cockburn, E.
Abstract

Cold water immersion (CWI) is regularly used by athletes as a postexercise recovery strategy, but relatively little is understood about potential training adaptations associated with habitual use. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of repeated CWI or a sham intervention on adaptations to a lower body resistance training program. Thirteen men (26 +- 6 years; 83.6 +- 15.7 kg) familiar with resistance training were allocated into a CWI (10 minutes at 10˚ C) or sham group and completed 2 x 4-week blocks of lower body resistance training. Subjects completed a total of 16 training sessions (2 x session·week-1), with each session immediately followed by their allocated recovery intervention. Measures of perceptual markers, muscle function, and muscle architecture were recorded at baseline, midpoint, and post-training. Data were analyzed using factorial analysis of variances. The training program resulted in significant increases in muscle fibre pennation angle (p = 0.009), isometric peak force (p = 0.018), and 1/4 squat (p < 0.001) with no differences between groups (all p > 0.05). There were no differences in perceptual responses between groups. Despite the popularity of CWI as a postexercise recovery intervention, the findings from the present study demonstrated no functional or perceptual benefit compared with a sham intervention during progressive strength and power training. Furthermore, there was no detrimental impact of CWI on morphological adaptations after 16 exposures. These findings are important for athletes and practitioners wishing to use CWI as an acute recovery strategy after training, without blunting potential training adaptations.

Keywordscryotherapy; resistance training adaptation; muscle morphology
LanguageEnglish
PublisherLippincott, Williams and Wilkins
JournalThe Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
ISSN1064-8011
Electronic1533-4287
Publication dates
Online28 Jul 2021
Print31 Oct 2021
Research GroupPhysiology at the London Sport Institute
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This is a non-final version of an article published in final form in Wilson, Laura J.; Dimitriou, Lygeri; Hills, Frank A.; Gondek, Marcela B.; van Wyk, Aléchia; Turek, Vlad1; Rivkin, Taylor; Villiere, Alex; Jarvis, Paul; Miller, Stuart; Turner, Anthony; Cockburn, Emma, Cold Water Immersion Offers No Functional or Perceptual Benefit Compared to a Sham Intervention During a Resistance Training Program, Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research: October 2021 - Volume 35 - Issue 10 - p 2720-2727 doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004097

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000004097
PubMed ID34324460
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Deposited17 Dec 2021
Accepted04 Jun 2021
Output statusPublished
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Weldon, A., Duncan, M., Turner, A., LaPlaca, D., Sampaio, J. and Christie, C. 2022. Practices of strength and conditioning coaches: a snapshot from different sports, countries and expertise levels. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 36 (5), pp. 1335-1344. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003773
The benefits of strength training on musculoskeletal system health: practical applications for interdisciplinary care
Maestroni, L., Read, P., Bishop, C., Papadopoulos, K., Suchomel, T., Comfort, P. and Turner, A. 2020. The benefits of strength training on musculoskeletal system health: practical applications for interdisciplinary care. Sports Medicine. 50 (8), pp. 1431-1450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01309-5
Context-aware approach for cardiac rehabilitation monitoring
Ogbuabor, G., Augusto, J., Moseley, R. and Van Wyk, A. 2020. Context-aware approach for cardiac rehabilitation monitoring. Iglesias, C., Novella, J., Ricci, A., Pinto, D. and Roman, D. (ed.) 4th International Workshop on Citizen-Centric Smart Cities Services (CCSCS 2020). Madrid, Spain 22 - 23 Jun 2020 IOS Press. pp. 167-176 https://doi.org/10.3233/AISE200039
Does a loaded warm-up influence jump asymmetry and badminton-specific change of direction performance?
Yeung, W., Bishop, C., Turner, A. and Maloney, S. 2021. Does a loaded warm-up influence jump asymmetry and badminton-specific change of direction performance? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 16 (4), pp. 578-584. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0313
Bilateral vs. unilateral countermovement jumps: comparing the magnitude and direction of asymmetry in elite academy soccer players
Bishop, C., Abbott, W., Brashill, C., Turner, A., Lake, J. and Read, P. 2020. Bilateral vs. unilateral countermovement jumps: comparing the magnitude and direction of asymmetry in elite academy soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003679
Comparison of bilateral vs. unilateral-biased strength and power training interventions on measures of physical performance in elite youth soccer players
Stern, D., Gonzalo-Skok, O., Loturco, I., Turner, A. and Bishop, C. 2020. Comparison of bilateral vs. unilateral-biased strength and power training interventions on measures of physical performance in elite youth soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 34 (8), pp. 2105-2111. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003659
Train the engine or the brakes? Influence of momentum on the change of direction deficit
Fernandes, R., Bishop, C., Turner, A., Chavda, S. and Maloney, S. 2021. Train the engine or the brakes? Influence of momentum on the change of direction deficit. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 16 (1), pp. 90-96. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-1007
Inter-limb asymmetry during rehabilitation understanding formulas and monitoring the "magnitude" and "direction"
Bishop, C., Turner, A., Gonzalo-Skok, O. and Read, P. 2020. Inter-limb asymmetry during rehabilitation understanding formulas and monitoring the "magnitude" and "direction". Aspetar Sports Medicine Journal. 9 (1), pp. 18-22.
Magnitude or direction? Seasonal variation of interlimb asymmetry in elite academy soccer players
Bishop, C., Read, P., Chavda, S., Jarvis, P., Brazier, J., Bromley, T. and Turner, A. 2022. Magnitude or direction? Seasonal variation of interlimb asymmetry in elite academy soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 36 (4), pp. 1031-1037. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003565
The effect of training order on neuromuscular, endocrine and mood response to small-sided games and resistance training sessions over a 24-h period
Sparkes, W., Turner, A., Weston, M., Russell, M., Johnson, M. and Kilduff, L. 2020. The effect of training order on neuromuscular, endocrine and mood response to small-sided games and resistance training sessions over a 24-h period. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 23 (9), pp. 866-871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2020.01.017
Does e-learning alongside a social media platform enhance or hinder learning in clinical physiology - NET2017 Conference
Van Wyk, A. 2017. Does e-learning alongside a social media platform enhance or hinder learning in clinical physiology - NET2017 Conference. NET2017 (Networking for Education in Healthcare). Churchill College, University of Cambridge 05 - 06 Sep 2017
The association between Interlimb asymmetry and athletic performance tasks: a season long study in elite academy soccer players
Bishop, C., Read, P., Bromley, T., Brazier, J., Jarvis, P., Chavda, S. and Turner, A. 2022. The association between Interlimb asymmetry and athletic performance tasks: a season long study in elite academy soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 36 (3), pp. 787-795. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003526
Effects of soccer match-play on unilateral jumping and Inter-limb asymmetry: a repeated measures design
Bishop, C., Read, P., Stern, D. and Turner, A. 2022. Effects of soccer match-play on unilateral jumping and Inter-limb asymmetry: a repeated measures design. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 36 (1), pp. 193-200. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003389
Strength and power training in rehabilitation: underpinning principles and practical strategies to return athletes to high performance
Maestroni, L., Read, P., Bishop, C. and Turner, A. 2020. Strength and power training in rehabilitation: underpinning principles and practical strategies to return athletes to high performance. Sports Medicine. 50 (2), pp. 239-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01195-6
Effects of inter-limb asymmetries on acceleration and change of direction speed: a between-sport comparison of professional soccer and cricket athletes
Bishop, C., Read, P., Brazier, J., Jarvis, P., Chavda, S., Bromley, T. and Turner, A. 2019. Effects of inter-limb asymmetries on acceleration and change of direction speed: a between-sport comparison of professional soccer and cricket athletes. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003135
Acute effect of repeated sprints on inter-limb asymmetries during unilateral jumping
Bishop, C., McAuley, W., Read, P., Gonzalo-Skok, O., Lake, J. and Turner, A. 2019. Acute effect of repeated sprints on inter-limb asymmetries during unilateral jumping. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003109
The effect of carbohydrate dose and timing on timed effort and time to exhaustion within a simulated cycle race in male professional cyclists
Girling, W., Pujdak, M., Dimitriou, L., Van Wyk, A., Vidal, M., Peterca, J., Curtis, C. and Paice, K. 2019. The effect of carbohydrate dose and timing on timed effort and time to exhaustion within a simulated cycle race in male professional cyclists. British Association of Sport Exercise Sciences: BASES Conference 2019. Leicester, UK 19 - 20 Nov 2019 Taylor & Francis. pp. 25-26 https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1671688
A retrospective investigation on age and gender differences of injuries in DanceSport
Premelč, J., Vučković, G., James, N. and Dimitriou, L. 2019. A retrospective investigation on age and gender differences of injuries in DanceSport. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 16 (21). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214164
A comparison of match demands using ball-in-play vs. whole match data in elite male youth soccer players
Wass, J., Mernagh, D., Pollard, B., Stewart, P., Fox, W., Parmar, N., Jones, B., Kilduff, L. and Turner, A. 2020. A comparison of match demands using ball-in-play vs. whole match data in elite male youth soccer players. Science and Medicine in Football. 4 (2), pp. 142-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1682183
Intra- and inter-day reliability of typical and alternative weightlifting variables during heavy cleans
Sorensen, A., Chavda, S. and Turner, A. 2019. Intra- and inter-day reliability of typical and alternative weightlifting variables during heavy cleans. UKSCA National Conference 2019. Milton Keynes, United Kingdom 15 - 16 Jun 2019 UKSCA. pp. 4-4
Alternative jump variables as surrogate measures of weightlifting performance in national weightlifters
Chavda, S., Yao, X., Harcoff, J., Martin, S. and Turner, A. 2019. Alternative jump variables as surrogate measures of weightlifting performance in national weightlifters. UKSCA National Conference 2019. Milton Keynes, United Kingdom 15 - 16 Jun 2019 UKSCA. pp. 22-22
Effect of post activation potentiation on weightlifting performance
Chavda, S., Sorensen, A., Vernau, J., Bishop, C. and Turner, A. 2019. Effect of post activation potentiation on weightlifting performance. NSCA 2019 National Conference. Washington D.C, US 10 - 13 Jul 2019
A practical guide to analyzing the force-time curve of isometric tasks in Excel
Chavda, S., Turner, A., Comfort, P., Haff, G., Williams, S., Bishop, C. and Lake, J. 2020. A practical guide to analyzing the force-time curve of isometric tasks in Excel. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 42 (2), pp. 26-37. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000507
Total score of athleticism: holistic athlete profiling to enhance decision-making
Turner, A., Jones, B., Stewart, P., Bishop, C., Parmar, N., Chavda, S. and Read, P. 2019. Total score of athleticism: holistic athlete profiling to enhance decision-making. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 41 (6), pp. 91-101. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000506
Influence of tart cherry juice on airway biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress following a 42.2km trail run
Dimitriou, L., Yagnik, D., Wood, A., Sinclair, S., Paice, K., Wilson, L., Hills, F., Gondek, M., Kwan Xue Bin, K., Howatson, G. and Cockburn, E. 2018. Influence of tart cherry juice on airway biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress following a 42.2km trail run. 23rd annual congress of the European College of Sport Science. Dublin, Ireland 04 - 07 Jul 2018
A moderate caffeine dose increases strength performance in resistance-trained females
Risvang, L., Norum, M., Bjørnsen, T., Dimitriou, L., Rønning, P., Bjørgen, M., Stadheim, H. and Raastad, T. 2019. A moderate caffeine dose increases strength performance in resistance-trained females. 24th annual congress of the European College of Sport Science. Prague, Czech Republic 03 - 06 Jul 2019
Effects of energy availability and dietary macronutrients on bone mineral density in male and female vocational ballet dancers
Juncal, R., Myriam, L., Diaz-Naranjo, M. and Dimitriou, L. 2019. Effects of energy availability and dietary macronutrients on bone mineral density in male and female vocational ballet dancers. 29th International Association for Dance Medicine and Science (IADMS). Montreal, Quebec, Canada 24 - 27 Oct 2019
The role of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in the assessment of athletes reporting exertional dyspnoea
Allen, H., Hull, J., Backhouse, S., Dickinson, J., De Carné, T., Dimitriou, L. and Price, O. 2019. The role of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in the assessment of athletes reporting exertional dyspnoea. European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Congress. Lisbon, Portugal 01 - 05 Jun 2019 pp. 202 https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13959
Comparing the magnitude and direction of asymmetry during the squat, countermovement and drop jump tests in elite youth female soccer players
Bishop, C., Pereira, L., Reis, V., Read, P., Turner, A. and Loturco, I. 2020. Comparing the magnitude and direction of asymmetry during the squat, countermovement and drop jump tests in elite youth female soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences. 38 (11-12), pp. 1296-1303. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.1649525
Purification and method optimisation for identification of carbohydrate moieties on human chorionic gonadotropin glycoforms using MALDI IT–TOF MS
Gondek, M., Burczynska, B. and Hills, F. 2019. Purification and method optimisation for identification of carbohydrate moieties on human chorionic gonadotropin glycoforms using MALDI IT–TOF MS. 4th FEBS Congress. Krakow, Poland 06 - 11 Jul 2019 Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/2211-5463.12674
A Human-in-The-Loop context-aware system allowing the application of case-based reasoning for asthma management
Quinde, M., Khan, N., Augusto, J. and Van Wyk, A. 2019. A Human-in-The-Loop context-aware system allowing the application of case-based reasoning for asthma management. Duffy, V. (ed.) 21st International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International 2019). Orlando, USA 26 - 31 Jul 2019 Springer. pp. 125-140 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22219-2_10
The impact of cryotherapy versus placebo interventions on recovery following strenuous exercise, and adaptations to resistance training
Wilson, L. 2019. The impact of cryotherapy versus placebo interventions on recovery following strenuous exercise, and adaptations to resistance training. PhD thesis Middlesex University School of Science and Technology
The allergy questionnaire for athletes provides value in ruling‐out exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction [Letter to the Editor]
Allen, H., Hull, J., Backhouse, S., De Carné, T., Dimitriou, L. and Price, O. 2019. The allergy questionnaire for athletes provides value in ruling‐out exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction [Letter to the Editor]. Allergy. 74 (9), pp. 1794-1796. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13778
The influence of repeated cold water immersion on adaptations to strength and power training
Wilson, L., Dimitriou, L., Gondek, M., Hills, F. and Cockburn, E. 2018. The influence of repeated cold water immersion on adaptations to strength and power training. 23rd Annual Congress of the ECSS 2018. Dublin, UK 04 - 07 Jul 2018 European College of Sport Science. pp. 94
Can quantification of Serum Glycans predict Pre-Eclampsia?
Antia, I., Shah, A., Yagnik, D., Syngelaki, A., Nicolaides, K. and Hills, F. 2018. Can quantification of Serum Glycans predict Pre-Eclampsia? International Federation of Placenta Associations Conference (IFPA2018). Jikei University School of Medicine in Tokyo, Japan 21 - 24 Sep 2018 Elsevier. pp. e38-e39 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2018.06.004
Effect of glycosaminoglycans on growth factor-stimulated trophoblast invasion
Hills, F., Rodd, Z. and Antia, I. 2018. Effect of glycosaminoglycans on growth factor-stimulated trophoblast invasion. International Federation of Placenta Associations Conference (IFPA2018). Jikei University School of Medicine in Tokyo, Japan 21 - 24 Sep 2018 Elsevier. pp. e17-e17 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2018.06.004
Validity and reliability of a light-based electronic target for testing response time in fencers
De Giorgio, A., Luliano, E., Turner, A., Millevolte, C., Adrigo, L. and Padulo, J. 2019. Validity and reliability of a light-based electronic target for testing response time in fencers. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003160
Using unilateral strength, power and reactive strength tests to detect the magnitude and direction of asymmetry: A test-retest design
Bishop, C., Read, P., Chavda, S., Jarvis, P. and Turner, A. 2019. Using unilateral strength, power and reactive strength tests to detect the magnitude and direction of asymmetry: A test-retest design. Sports. 7 (3). https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7030058
Drop jump asymmetry is associated with reduced sprint and change-of-direction speed performance in adult female soccer players
Bishop, C., Turner, A., Maloney, S., Lake, J., Loturco, I., Bromley, T. and Read, P. 2019. Drop jump asymmetry is associated with reduced sprint and change-of-direction speed performance in adult female soccer players. Sports. 7 (1). https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7010029
Knee angle affects posterior chain muscle activation during an isometric test used in soccer players
Read, P., Turner, A., Clarke, R., Applebee, S. and Hughes, J. 2019. Knee angle affects posterior chain muscle activation during an isometric test used in soccer players. Sports. 7 (1). https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7010013
Method optimisation for identification of carbohydrate moieties on human chorionic gonadotropin glycoforms using MALDI-TOF-MS
Gondek, M., Burczynska, B. and Hills, F. 2018. Method optimisation for identification of carbohydrate moieties on human chorionic gonadotropin glycoforms using MALDI-TOF-MS. 45th International Society of Oncology and BioMarkers (ISOBM) 2018 Congress. Hamburg, Germany 24 - 27 Nov 2018
Context-aware solutions for asthma condition management: a survey
Quinde, M., Khan, N., Augusto, J., Van Wyk, A. and Stewart, J. 2020. Context-aware solutions for asthma condition management: a survey. Universal Access in the Information Society. 19 (3), pp. 571-593. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-018-0641-5
Effects of a competitive soccer match on jump performance and interlimb asymmetries in elite academy soccer players
Bromley, T., Turner, A., Read, P., Lake, J., Maloney, S., Chavda, S. and Bishop, C. 2018. Effects of a competitive soccer match on jump performance and interlimb asymmetries in elite academy soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002951
A novel approach for athlete profiling: the unilateral dynamic strength index
Bishop, C., Read, P., Lake, J., Loturco, I. and Turner, A. 2018. A novel approach for athlete profiling: the unilateral dynamic strength index. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002871
Interlimb asymmetries: the need for an individual approach to data analysis
Bishop, C., Lake, J., Loturco, I., Papadopoulos, K., Turner, A. and Read, P. 2018. Interlimb asymmetries: the need for an individual approach to data analysis. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002729
Whole body cryotherapy, cold water immersion, or a placebo following resistance exercise: a case of mind over matter?
Wilson, L., Dimitriou, L., Hills, F., Gondek, M. and Cockburn, E. 2019. Whole body cryotherapy, cold water immersion, or a placebo following resistance exercise: a case of mind over matter? European Journal of Applied Physiology. 119 (1), pp. 135-147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-4008-7
Urate crystals induce macrophage PAF‑AH secretion which is differentially regulated by TGFβ1 and hydrocortisone
Yagnik, D. and Hills, F. 2018. Urate crystals induce macrophage PAF‑AH secretion which is differentially regulated by TGFβ1 and hydrocortisone. Molecular Medicine Reports. 18 (3), pp. 3506-3512. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9323
Acute and chronic effects of foam rolling vs eccentric exercise on ROM and force output of the plantar flexors
Aune, A., Bishop, C., Turner, A., Papadopoulos, K., Budd, S., Richardson, M. and Maloney, S. 2019. Acute and chronic effects of foam rolling vs eccentric exercise on ROM and force output of the plantar flexors. Journal of Sports Sciences. 37 (2), pp. 138-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1486000
Reliability and measurement of inter-limb asymmetries in four unilateral jump tests in elite youth female soccer players
McCubbine, J., Turner, A., Dos'Santos, T. and Bishop, C. 2018. Reliability and measurement of inter-limb asymmetries in four unilateral jump tests in elite youth female soccer players. Professional Strength & Conditioning. (49), pp. 7-12.
Investigation of factors influencing the immunogenicity of hCG as a potential cancer vaccine
Kvirkvelia, N., Chikadze, N., Makinde, J., McBride, J., Porakishvili, N., Hills, F., Martensen, P., Justesen, J., Delves, P., Lund, T. and Roitt, I. 2018. Investigation of factors influencing the immunogenicity of hCG as a potential cancer vaccine. Clinical & Experimental Immunology. 193 (1), pp. 73-83. https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.13131
Be as upright as possible when squatting: reply
Bishop, C. and Turner, A. 2018. Be as upright as possible when squatting: reply. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 40 (3), p. 111. https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000388
The ball in play demands of international rugby union
Pollard, B., Turner, A., Eager, R., Cunningham, D., Cook, C., Hogben, P. and Kilduff, L. 2018. The ball in play demands of international rugby union. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 21 (10), pp. 1090-1094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.02.015
Force-time characteristics of the countermovement jump: analyzing the curve in Excel
Chavda, S., Bromley, T., Jarvis, P., Williams, S., Bishop, C., Turner, A., Lake, J. and Mundy, P. 2018. Force-time characteristics of the countermovement jump: analyzing the curve in Excel. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 40 (2), pp. 67-77. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000353
The importance of strength and power on key performance indicators in elite youth soccer
Wing, C., Turner, A. and Bishop, C. 2020. The importance of strength and power on key performance indicators in elite youth soccer. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 34 (7), pp. 2006-2014. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002446
Strength and conditioning considerations for hurling: an amateur Gaelic Games sport
Mullane, M., Turner, A. and Bishop, C. 2018. Strength and conditioning considerations for hurling: an amateur Gaelic Games sport. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 40 (4), pp. 72-84. https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000381
Vertical and horizontal asymmetries are related to slower sprinting and jump performance in elite youth female soccer players
Bishop, C., Read, P., McCubbine, J. and Turner, A. 2021. Vertical and horizontal asymmetries are related to slower sprinting and jump performance in elite youth female soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 35 (1), pp. 56-63. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002544
Interlimb asymmetries: understanding how to calculate differences from bilateral and unilateral tests
Bishop, C., Read, P., Lake, J., Chavda, S. and Turner, A. 2018. Interlimb asymmetries: understanding how to calculate differences from bilateral and unilateral tests. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 40 (4), pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000371
Detection and quantification of human chorionic gonadotropin levels in human placental choriocarcinoma cell lines
Gondek, M., Hills, F. and Burczynska, B. 2017. Detection and quantification of human chorionic gonadotropin levels in human placental choriocarcinoma cell lines. Summer Conference 2017. Middlesex University Jun 2017
Can you spot the difference? Analysis of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secreted by common non-trophoblastic and trophoblastic cancers
Gondek, M., Hills, F. and Burczynska, B. 2015. Can you spot the difference? Analysis of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secreted by common non-trophoblastic and trophoblastic cancers. Summer Conference. Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom Jun 2015 Middlesex University.
Neuromuscular, biochemical, endocrine, and mood responses to small-sided games' training in professional soccer
Sparkes, W., Turner, A., Weston, M., Russell, M., Johnston, M. and Kilduff, L. 2018. Neuromuscular, biochemical, endocrine, and mood responses to small-sided games' training in professional soccer. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 32 (9), pp. 2569-2576. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002424
The effect of plasma volume on changes in biomarkers of muscle damage, inflammation, oxidative stress and leukocyte differential following a 42.2 km trail run, and the efficacy of recovery interventions
Cockburn, E., Hills, F., Wilson, L., Paice, K., Wood, A. and Dimitriou, L. 2017. The effect of plasma volume on changes in biomarkers of muscle damage, inflammation, oxidative stress and leukocyte differential following a 42.2 km trail run, and the efficacy of recovery interventions. BASES Conference 2017. Nottingham, UK 28 - 29 Nov 2017 Taylor & Francis. pp. s26 https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1378421
Influence of cold water immersion and cherry juice on recovery following a 42.2km trail run
Paice, K., Dimitriou, L., Wilson, L., Hills, F., Sinclair, S., Gondek, M., Kwan, X. and Wood, A. 2017. Influence of cold water immersion and cherry juice on recovery following a 42.2km trail run. BASES Conference 2017. Nottingham, UK 28 - 29 Nov 2017 Taylor & Francis. pp. s92 https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1378421
The influence of cold water immersion on markers of recovery following resistance exercise
Wilson, L., Dimitriou, L., Hills, F., Gondek, M. and Cockburn, E. 2017. The influence of cold water immersion on markers of recovery following resistance exercise. BASES Conference 2017. Nottingham, UK 28 - 29 Nov 2017 Taylor & Francis. pp. s66 https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1378421
Training methods and considerations for practitioners to reduce interlimb asymmetries
Bishop, C., Turner, A. and Read, P. 2018. Training methods and considerations for practitioners to reduce interlimb asymmetries. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 40 (2), pp. 40-46. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000354
Validation of a crane scale for the assessment of portable isometric mid-thigh pulls
Urquhart, M., Bishop, C. and Turner, A. 2018. Validation of a crane scale for the assessment of portable isometric mid-thigh pulls. Journal of Australian Strength and Conditioning. 26 (5).
Why fencers should bounce: a new method of movement to engage the stretch-shortening cycle
Turner, A. and Harmenberg, J. 2017. Why fencers should bounce: a new method of movement to engage the stretch-shortening cycle. International journal of Sports Science & Coaching. 13 (3), pp. 452-460. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954117747133
Bone mineral density in vocational and professional ballet dancers
Amorim, T., Koutedakis, Y., Nevill, A., Wyon, M., Maia, J., Machado, J., Marques, F., Metsios, G., Flouris, A., Adubeiro, N., Nogueira, L. and Dimitriou, L. 2017. Bone mineral density in vocational and professional ballet dancers. Osteoporosis International. 28 (10), pp. 2903-2912. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-017-4130-0
Recovery following a marathon: a comparison of cold water immersion, whole body cryotherapy and a placebo control
Wilson, L., Cockburn, E., Paice, K., Sinclair, S., Faki, T., Hills, F., Gondek, M., Wood, A. and Dimitriou, L. 2018. Recovery following a marathon: a comparison of cold water immersion, whole body cryotherapy and a placebo control. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 118 (1), pp. 153-163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3757-z
Analysis of procainamide-derivatised heparan sulphate disaccharides in biological samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
Antia, I., Mathew, K., Yagnik, D., Hills, F. and Shah, A. 2018. Analysis of procainamide-derivatised heparan sulphate disaccharides in biological samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 410 (1), pp. 131-143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0703-1
The effect of milk on recovery from repeat-sprint cycling in female team-sport athletes
Rankin, P., Lawlor, M., Hills, F., Bell, P., Stevenson, E. and Cockburn, E. 2018. The effect of milk on recovery from repeat-sprint cycling in female team-sport athletes. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 43 (2), pp. 113-122. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2017-0275
Lower extremity stiffness: considerations for testing, performance enhancement and injury risk
Brazier, J., Maloney, S., Bishop, C., Read, P. and Turner, A. 2019. Lower extremity stiffness: considerations for testing, performance enhancement and injury risk. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 33 (4), pp. 1156-1166. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000002283
Integrated approach to correcting the high-bar back squat from "excessive forward leaning"
Bishop, C. and Turner, A. 2017. Integrated approach to correcting the high-bar back squat from "excessive forward leaning". Strength and Conditioning Journal. 39 (6), pp. 46-53. https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000337
Effects of inter-limb asymmetries on physical and sports performance: a systematic review
Bishop, C., Turner, A. and Read, P. 2018. Effects of inter-limb asymmetries on physical and sports performance: a systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences. 36 (10), pp. 1135-1144. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1361894
Heavy barbell hip thrusts do not effect sprint performance: an 8-week randomized–controlled study
Jarvis, P., Cassone, N., Turner, A., Chavda, S., Edwards, M. and Bishop, C. 2019. Heavy barbell hip thrusts do not effect sprint performance: an 8-week randomized–controlled study. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 33, pp. S78-S84. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002146
Exercise technique: the push press
Bishop, C., Chavda, S. and Turner, A. 2018. Exercise technique: the push press. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 40 (3), pp. 104-108. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000321
Considerations for selecting field-based strength and power fitness tests to measure asymmetries
Bishop, C., Turner, A., Jarvis, P., Chavda, S. and Read, P. 2017. Considerations for selecting field-based strength and power fitness tests to measure asymmetries. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 31 (9), pp. 2635-2644. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002023
Asymmetries of the lower limb: the calculation conundrum in strength training and conditioning
Bishop, C., Read, P., Chavda, S. and Turner, A. 2016. Asymmetries of the lower limb: the calculation conundrum in strength training and conditioning. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 38 (6), pp. 27-32. https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000264
Monitoring changes in power, speed, agility and endurance in elite cricketers during the off-season
Herridge, R., Turner, A. and Bishop, C. 2020. Monitoring changes in power, speed, agility and endurance in elite cricketers during the off-season. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 34 (8), pp. 2285-2293. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002077
The single leg squat: when to prescribe this exercise
Bishop, C., Brierly, S. and Turner, A. 2016. The single leg squat: when to prescribe this exercise. Professional Strength & Conditioning.
Profile of a strength and conditioning coach: backgrounds, duties, and perceptions
Hartshorn, M., Read, P., Bishop, C. and Turner, A. 2016. Profile of a strength and conditioning coach: backgrounds, duties, and perceptions. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 38 (6), pp. 89-94. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000255
Using the split squat to potentiate bilateral and unilateral jump performance
Bishop, C., Tarrant, J., Jarvis, P. and Turner, A. 2017. Using the split squat to potentiate bilateral and unilateral jump performance. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 31 (8), pp. 2216-2222. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001696
Physiological demands of sabre competitions in elite fencers
Turner, A., Dimitriou, L., Marshall, G., Russell, M., Bannock, L. and Bishop, C. 2018. Physiological demands of sabre competitions in elite fencers. Journal of Australian Strength and Conditioning. 26 (1).
Staying out of range: increasing attacking distance in fencing
Turner, A., Marshall, G., Noto, A., Chavda, S., Atlay, N. and Kirby, D. 2017. Staying out of range: increasing attacking distance in fencing. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 12 (10), pp. 1319-1323. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0680
Do fencers require a weapon-specific approach to strength and conditioning training?
Turner, A., Bishop, C., Cree, J., Edwards, M., Chavda, S., Read, P. and Kirby, D. 2017. Do fencers require a weapon-specific approach to strength and conditioning training? The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 31 (6), pp. 1662-1668. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001637
Postactivation potentiation and change of direction speed in elite academy rugby players
Marshall, J., Turner, A., Jarvis, P., Maloney, S., Cree, J. and Bishop, C. 2019. Postactivation potentiation and change of direction speed in elite academy rugby players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 33 (6), pp. 1551-1556. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001834
The acute effects of heavy sled towing on subsequent sprint acceleration performance
Jarvis, P., Turner, A., Chavda, S. and Bishop, C. 2017. The acute effects of heavy sled towing on subsequent sprint acceleration performance. Journal of Trainology. 6 (1), pp. 18-25. https://doi.org/10.17338/trainology.6.1_18
Heparan sulfate disaccharide measurement from biological samples using pre-column derivatization, UPLC-MS and single ion monitoring
Antia, I., Yagnik, D., Pantoja Munoz, L., Shah, A. and Hills, F. 2017. Heparan sulfate disaccharide measurement from biological samples using pre-column derivatization, UPLC-MS and single ion monitoring. Analytical Biochemistry. 530, pp. 17-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2017.04.019
Competition intensity and fatigue in elite fencing
Turner, A., Kilduff, L., Mrashall, G., Phillips, J., Noto, A., Buttigeig, C., Gondek, M., Hills, F. and Dimitriou, L. 2017. Competition intensity and fatigue in elite fencing. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 31 (11), pp. 3128-3136. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001758
The effects of a single whole-body cryotherapy exposure on physiological, performance and perceptual responses of professional academy soccer players following repeated sprint exercise
Russell, M., Birch, J., Love, T., Cook, C., Bracken, R., Taylor, T., Swift, E., Cockburn, E., Finn, C., Cunningham, D., Wilson, L. and Kilduff, L. 2017. The effects of a single whole-body cryotherapy exposure on physiological, performance and perceptual responses of professional academy soccer players following repeated sprint exercise. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 31 (2), pp. 415-421. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001505
A review of strength and conditioning internships: the UKSCA’s State of the Nation survey
Stewart, P., Maughan, P. and Turner, A. 2016. A review of strength and conditioning internships: the UKSCA’s State of the Nation survey. Professional Strength & Conditioning.
Detection of the tau protein in human serum by a sensitive four-electrode electrochemical biosensor
Wang, S., Acha, D., Shah, A., Hills, F., Roitt, I., Demosthenous, A. and Bayford, R. 2017. Detection of the tau protein in human serum by a sensitive four-electrode electrochemical biosensor. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 92, pp. 482-488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.077
Identifying readiness to train: when to push and when to pull
Turner, A., Bishop, C., Springham, M. and Stewart, P. 2016. Identifying readiness to train: when to push and when to pull. Professional Strength & Conditioning.
Screening movement dysfunctions using the overhead squat
Bishop, C., Edwards, M. and Turner, A. 2016. Screening movement dysfunctions using the overhead squat. Professional Strength & Conditioning.
How to monitor training load and mode using sRPE
Turner, A., Bishop, C., Marshall, G. and Read, P. 2015. How to monitor training load and mode using sRPE. Professional Strength & Conditioning.
Is baseline aerobic fitness associated with illness and attrition rate in military training?
Dimitriou, L., Lockey, J. and Castell, L. 2017. Is baseline aerobic fitness associated with illness and attrition rate in military training? Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps. 163 (1), pp. 39-47. https://doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2015-000608
Addressing movement patterns by using the overhead squat
Bishop, C., Villiere, A. and Turner, A. 2016. Addressing movement patterns by using the overhead squat. Professional Strength & Conditioning.
Ecological validity of Session RPE method for quantifying internal training load in Fencing
Turner, A., Buttigeig, C., Noto, A., Marshall, G., Phillips, J. and Kilduff, L. 2017. Ecological validity of Session RPE method for quantifying internal training load in Fencing. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 12 (1), pp. 124-128. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0062
Strength and conditioning for British soldiers
Turner, A. 2016. Strength and conditioning for British soldiers. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 38 (3), pp. 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000146
Determinants of club head speed in PGA professional golfers
Lewis, A., Ward, N., Bishop, C., Maloney, S. and Turner, A. 2016. Determinants of club head speed in PGA professional golfers. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 30 (6), pp. 2266-2270. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001362
Physical characteristics underpinning repetitive lunging in fencing
Turner, A., Marshall, G., Philips, J., Noto, A., Buttigieg, C., Chavda, S., Downing, W., Atlay, N., Dimitriou, L. and Kilduff, L. 2016. Physical characteristics underpinning repetitive lunging in fencing. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 30 (11), pp. 3134-3139. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001402
Physical characteristics underpinning lunging and change of direction speed in fencing
Turner, A., Bishop, C., Chavda, S., Edwards, M., Brazier, J. and Kilduff, L. 2016. Physical characteristics underpinning lunging and change of direction speed in fencing. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 30 (8), pp. 2235-2241. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001320
Characteristics and experiences of interns in strength and conditioning
Read, P., Hughes, J., Blagrove, R., Jeffreys, I., Edwards, M. and Turner, A. 2017. Characteristics and experiences of interns in strength and conditioning. Journal of Sports Sciences. 35 (3), pp. 269-276. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1161220
Physical preparation for fencing: tailoring exercise prescription and training load to the physiological and biomechanical demands of competition
Turner, A. 2016. Physical preparation for fencing: tailoring exercise prescription and training load to the physiological and biomechanical demands of competition. PhD thesis Middlesex University School of Science and Technology
The importance of sleep for athletic performance
Marshall, G. and Turner, A. 2016. The importance of sleep for athletic performance. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 38 (1), pp. 61-67. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000189
Analysis of dance postures in latin-american dances using annotation and Sagit tracking
Zaletel, P., Vučković, G., Dimitriou, L., James, N., Rebula, A. and Zagorc, M. 2011. Analysis of dance postures in latin-american dances using annotation and Sagit tracking. 6th International Scientific Conference on Kinesiology. Opatija, Croatia 08 - 11 Sep 2011 pp. 577
The effects of physical training and competition on selected haematological, salivary and psychological markers of immune and health status
Dimitriou, L. 2007. The effects of physical training and competition on selected haematological, salivary and psychological markers of immune and health status. PhD thesis Brunel University Sports Sciences
Bone mineral density and body composition in female professional ballet dancers: 480 Board# 71 2: 00 PM-3: 30 PM
Cooke, K., Dimitriou, L., Smith, N. and McCormack, M. 2005. Bone mineral density and body composition in female professional ballet dancers: 480 Board# 71 2: 00 PM-3: 30 PM. ACSM. LWW.
Bone mineral density and aspects of the female athlete triad in elite endurance runners: 1562: Board# 218 June 2 11: 00 AM-12: 30 PM
Pollock, N., Grogan, C., Perry, M., Pedlar, C., Cooke, K., Morrissey, D. and Dimitriou, L. 2010. Bone mineral density and aspects of the female athlete triad in elite endurance runners: 1562: Board# 218 June 2 11: 00 AM-12: 30 PM. ACSM. LWW.
Low radial BMD is associated with reduced femoral cross sectional area in female ballet dancers
Cooke, K., Dimitriou, L. and McCormack, M. 2007. Low radial BMD is associated with reduced femoral cross sectional area in female ballet dancers. acsm. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000273156.09179.ed
Body composition and injuries in professional ballet dancers
Naalchigar, C., McCormack, M., Pelly, J., Wyon, M. and Dimitriou, L. 2013. Body composition and injuries in professional ballet dancers. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Performance Science 2013. pp. 97-98
Regional body composition & muscular strength in female endurance athletes with low and normal radius bone mineral density: preliminary findings
Cooke, K., Dimitriou, L., Smith, N., Lee, S. and Pedlar, C. 2005. Regional body composition & muscular strength in female endurance athletes with low and normal radius bone mineral density: preliminary findings. ECSS.
Applying elite research to the general population
Sharp, N., Dimitriou, L. and Doherty, M. 2003. Applying elite research to the general population. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 37 (4), p. 372. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.37.4.372-a
Bone-mineral density and other features of the female athlete triad in elite endurance runners: a longitudinal and cross-sectional observational study
Pollock, N., Grogan, C., Perry, M., Pedlar, C., Cooke, K., Morrissey, D. and Dimitriou, L. 2010. Bone-mineral density and other features of the female athlete triad in elite endurance runners: a longitudinal and cross-sectional observational study. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 20 (5), pp. 418-426.
Strength and conditioning for fencing
Turner, A., Miller, S., Stewart, P., Cree, J., Ingram, R., Dimitriou, L., Moody, J. and Kilduff, L. 2013. Strength and conditioning for fencing. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 35 (1), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e31826e7283
Menstrual irregularity, bone mineral density and rib injuries in current and retired female lightweight rowers: 1837: Board# 1 May 29 2: 00 PM-3: 30 PM
Reid, A., Lloyd-Smith, R. and Dimitriou, L. 2008. Menstrual irregularity, bone mineral density and rib injuries in current and retired female lightweight rowers: 1837: Board# 1 May 29 2: 00 PM-3: 30 PM. acsm. LWW.
Team everest: the immune response to high altitude: 1693: Board# 43 May 27 3: 30 PM-5: 00 PM
Dimitriou, L., Chong, C., Dhunnokchand, R., Ranney, J., Jehanli, A., Speedy, T. and Ranney, M. 2009. Team everest: the immune response to high altitude: 1693: Board# 43 May 27 3: 30 PM-5: 00 PM. ACSM. LWW.
Low radial BMD is associated with reduced femoral cross sectional area in female ballet dancers: 797: June 1 8: 30 AM-8: 45 AM
Cooke, K., Dimitriou, L. and McCormack, M. 2007. Low radial BMD is associated with reduced femoral cross sectional area in female ballet dancers: 797: June 1 8: 30 AM-8: 45 AM. ACsm. LWW.
Determinants of Olympic fencing performance and implications for strength and conditioning training
Turner, A., James, N., Dimitriou, L., Greenhalgh, A., Moody, J., Fulcher, D., Mias, E. and Kilduff, L. 2014. Determinants of Olympic fencing performance and implications for strength and conditioning training. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 28 (10), pp. 3001-3011. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000478
A time-motion analysis of turns performed by highly ranked Viennese waltz dancers
Prosen, J., James, N., Dimitriou, L., Perš, J. and Vučković, G. 2013. A time-motion analysis of turns performed by highly ranked Viennese waltz dancers. Journal of Human Kinetics. 37 (1). https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0025
Influence of a montmorency cherry juice blend on indices of exercise-induced stress and upper respiratory tract symptoms following marathon running—a pilot investigation
Dimitriou, L., Hill, J., Jehnali, A., Dunbar, J., Brouner, J., McHugh, M. and Howatson, G. 2015. Influence of a montmorency cherry juice blend on indices of exercise-induced stress and upper respiratory tract symptoms following marathon running—a pilot investigation. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 12 (1), pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-015-0085-8
Bone mineral density, rib pain and other features of the female athlete triad in elite lightweight rowers
Dimitriou, L., Weiler, R., Lloyd-Smith, R., Turner, A., Heath, L., James, N. and Reid, A. 2014. Bone mineral density, rib pain and other features of the female athlete triad in elite lightweight rowers. BMJ Open. 4 (2), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004369
Circadian effects on the acute responses of salivary cortisol and IgA in well trained swimmers
Dimitriou, L., Sharp, N. and Doherty, M. 2002. Circadian effects on the acute responses of salivary cortisol and IgA in well trained swimmers. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 36 (4), pp. 260-264. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.36.4.260
Comparison of lung volume in Greek swimmers, land based athletes, and sedentary controls using allometric scaling
Doherty, M. and Dimitriou, L. 1997. Comparison of lung volume in Greek swimmers, land based athletes, and sedentary controls using allometric scaling. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 31 (4), pp. 337-341. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.31.4.337
Assessing movement using a variety of screening tests
Bishop, C., Read, P., Walker, S. and Turner, A. 2015. Assessing movement using a variety of screening tests. Professional Strength & Conditioning.
Effects of concurrent activation potentiation on countermovement jump performance
Mullane, M., Maloney, S., Chavda, S., Williams, S. and Turner, A. 2015. Effects of concurrent activation potentiation on countermovement jump performance. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 29 (12), pp. 3311-3316. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001010
Reliability, factorial validity, and interrelationships of five commonly used change of direction speed tests
Stewart, P., Turner, A. and Miller, S. 2014. Reliability, factorial validity, and interrelationships of five commonly used change of direction speed tests. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. 24 (3), pp. 500-506. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12019
Hamstring strain prevention in elite soccer players
Turner, A., Cree, J., Comfort, P., Jones, L., Chavda, S., Bishop, C. and Reynolds, A. 2014. Hamstring strain prevention in elite soccer players. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 36 (5), pp. 10-20. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000076
A needs analysis and testing battery for field hockey
Bishop, C., Brazier, J., Cree, J. and Turner, A. 2015. A needs analysis and testing battery for field hockey. Professional Strength & Conditioning. 36, pp. 15-26.
Strength and conditioning for swimming: a practical approach
Bishop, C., Cree, J., Read, P., Barter, P. and Turner, A. 2014. Strength and conditioning for swimming: a practical approach. Professional Strength & Conditioning.
A field based test battery for tennis
Roberts, T., Turner, A. and Mayers, R. 2011. A field based test battery for tennis. Professional Strength & Conditioning. 20, pp. 13-22.
Defining, developing and measuring agility
Turner, A. 2011. Defining, developing and measuring agility. Professional Strength & Conditioning. 22, pp. 26-28.
Defining and developing the aerobic capacity
Kilduff, L. and Turner, A. 2011. Defining and developing the aerobic capacity. Professional Strength & Conditioning.
Determinants of repeat sprint ability
Turner, A., Bishop, C., Chavda, S., Edwards, M. and Barter, P. 2013. Determinants of repeat sprint ability. Professional Strength & Conditioning.
Avoid overtraining and monitor fatigue
Turner, A., Stewart, P., Bishop, C., Chavda, S., Edwards, M. and Read, P. 2013. Avoid overtraining and monitor fatigue. Professional Strength & Conditioning.
Neuroendocrinology and resistance training in adult males
Turner, A., Comfort, P., Moody, J. and Jeffreys, I. 2010. Neuroendocrinology and resistance training in adult males. Professional Strength & Conditioning.
Training for power: principles and practice
Turner, A. 2009. Training for power: principles and practice. Professional Strength & Conditioning.
A field-based fitness testing battery for Rugby League
Coneyworth, P., Ward, N. and Turner, A. 2012. A field-based fitness testing battery for Rugby League. Professional Strength & Conditioning.
Strength & conditioning for Taekwondo athletes
Turner, A. 2009. Strength & conditioning for Taekwondo athletes. Professional Strength & Conditioning.
Total score of athleticism: a strategy for assessing an athlete’s athleticism
Turner, A. 2014. Total score of athleticism: a strategy for assessing an athlete’s athleticism. Professional Strength & Conditioning.
Relationship between repeated sprint ability and aerobic capacity in professional soccer players
Jones, R., Cook, C., Kilduff, L., Milanovic, Z., James, N., Sporiš, G., Fiorentini, B., Turner, A. and Vuckovic, G. 2013. Relationship between repeated sprint ability and aerobic capacity in professional soccer players. The Scientific World Press.
Ballistic exercise as a pre-activation stimulus: a review of the literature and practical applications
Maloney, S., Turner, A. and Fletcher, I. 2014. Ballistic exercise as a pre-activation stimulus: a review of the literature and practical applications. Sports Medicine. 44 (10), pp. 1347-1359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0214-6
Training the aerobic capacity of distance runners: a break from tradition
Turner, A. 2011. Training the aerobic capacity of distance runners: a break from tradition. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 33 (2), pp. 39-42. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e318214d907
The stretch-shortening cycle: proposed mechanisms and methods for enhancements
Turner, A. and Jeffreys, I. 2010. The stretch-shortening cycle: proposed mechanisms and methods for enhancements. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 32 (4), pp. 87-99. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e3181e928f9
The science and practice of periodisation: a brief review
Turner, A. 2011. The science and practice of periodisation: a brief review. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 33 (1), pp. 34-46. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e3182079cdf
Strength and conditioning for sprint swimming
Bishop, C., Cree, J., Read, P., Chavda, S., Edwards, M. and Turner, A. 2013. Strength and conditioning for sprint swimming. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 35 (6), pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000019
Strength and conditioning for soccer players
Turner, A. and Stewart, P. 2014. Strength and conditioning for soccer players. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 36 (4), pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000054
Lower extremity stiffness: effects on performance and injury and implications for training
Brazier, J., Bishop, C., Simons, C., Antrobus, M., Read, P. and Turner, A. 2014. Lower extremity stiffness: effects on performance and injury and implications for training. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 36 (5), pp. 103-112. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000094
Strength and conditioning for Mauy Thai athletes
Turner, A. 2009. Strength and conditioning for Mauy Thai athletes. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 31 (6), pp. 78-92. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e3181b99603
Strength and conditioning for cricket fast bowlers
Mukandi, I., Turner, A., Scott, P. and Johnstone, J. 2014. Strength and conditioning for cricket fast bowlers. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 36 (6), pp. 96-106. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000099
Repeat sprint ability
Turner, A. and Stewart, P. 2013. Repeat sprint ability. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 35 (1), pp. 37-41. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e3182824ea4
Hamstring strain prevention in elite soccer players
Turner, A., Cree, J., Comfort, P., Jones, L., Chavda, S. and Bishop, C. 2014. Hamstring strain prevention in elite soccer players. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 36 (5), pp. 10-20. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000076
Data analysis for strength and conditioning coaches: using Excel to analyze reliability, differences, and relationships
Turner, A., Brazier, J., Bishop, C., Chavda, S., Cree, J. and Read, P. 2015. Data analysis for strength and conditioning coaches: using Excel to analyze reliability, differences, and relationships. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 37 (1), pp. 76-83. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000113
A needs analysis and field-based testing battery for basketball
Read, P., Hughes, J., Stewart, P., Chavda, S., Bishop, C., Edwards, M. and Turner, A. 2014. A needs analysis and field-based testing battery for basketball. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 36 (3), pp. 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000051
A testing battery for the assessment of fitness in soccer players
Turner, A., Walker, S., Stembridge, M., Coneyworth, P., Reed, G., Birdsey, L., Barter, P. and Moody, J. 2011. A testing battery for the assessment of fitness in soccer players. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 33 (5), pp. 29-39. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e31822fc80a
A one-day field test battery for the assessment of aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, speed, and agility of soccer players
Walker, S. and Turner, A. 2009. A one-day field test battery for the assessment of aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, speed, and agility of soccer players. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 31 (6), pp. 52-60. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e3181c22085
Effect of postactivation potentiation on fifty-meter freestyle in national swimmers
Sarramian, V., Turner, A. and Greenhalgh, A. 2015. Effect of postactivation potentiation on fifty-meter freestyle in national swimmers. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 29 (4), pp. 1003-1009. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000708
Acute effects of a loaded warm-up protocol on change of direction speed in professional badminton players
Maloney, S., Turner, A. and Miller, S. 2014. Acute effects of a loaded warm-up protocol on change of direction speed in professional badminton players. Journal of Applied Biomechanics. 30 (5), pp. 637-642. https://doi.org/10.1123/JAB.2014-0048
Placental syndecan-1 and sulphated glycosaminoglycans are decreased in preeclampsia
Heyer-Chauhan, N., Ovbude, I., Hills, A., Sullivan, M. and Hills, F. 2013. Placental syndecan-1 and sulphated glycosaminoglycans are decreased in preeclampsia. Journal of Perinatal Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2013-0097
IGFBP-1 in the placenta, membranes and fetal circulation: levels at term and preterm delivery
Hills, F., Gunn, L., Hardiman, P., Thanaratnam, S. and Chard, T. 1996. IGFBP-1 in the placenta, membranes and fetal circulation: levels at term and preterm delivery. Early Human Development. 44 (1), pp. 71-76.
The usefulness and reliability of fitness testing protocols for ice hockey players: a literature review
Nightingale, S., Miller, S. and Turner, A. 2013. The usefulness and reliability of fitness testing protocols for ice hockey players: a literature review. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 27 (6), pp. 1742-1748. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182736948
The effects of post activation potentiation on golf club head speed
Read, P., Miller, S. and Turner, A. 2013. The effects of post activation potentiation on golf club head speed. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 27 (6), pp. 1579-1582. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182711c60
Increasing the impact force of the rear hand punch
Turner, A., Baker, E. and Miller, S. 2011. Increasing the impact force of the rear hand punch. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 33 (6), pp. 2-9. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0b013e318232fdcb
Differential proteolysis of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) in pregnancy
Hills, F., Iles, R. and Sullivan, M. 2013. Differential proteolysis of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) in pregnancy. Journal of Perinatal Medicine. 41 (3), pp. 241-249. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2012-0086
Insulin-like growth factor-II and heparin are anti-apoptotic survival factors in human villous cytotrophoblast
Hills, F., Mehmet, H. and Sullivan, M. 2012. Insulin-like growth factor-II and heparin are anti-apoptotic survival factors in human villous cytotrophoblast. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 163 (1), pp. 11-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.03.013
Superovulation, IGFBP-1 and birth weight.
Johnson, M., Irvine, R., Hills, F., Bolton, V., Abbas, A., Brooks, A., Allman, A., Chard, T. and Nicolaides, K. 1995. Superovulation, IGFBP-1 and birth weight. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Biology. 59 (2), pp. 193-195.
The effects of labor on maternal and fetal levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1
Hills, F., Crawford, R., Harding, S., Farkas, F. and Chard, T. 1994. The effects of labor on maternal and fetal levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 171 (5), pp. 1292-1295.
Insulin-related growth factor binding protein-1 levels in ovum donation pregnancies.
Brooks, A., Johnson, M., Hills, F., Chard, T., Irvine, R. and Abdalla, H. 1995. Insulin-related growth factor binding protein-1 levels in ovum donation pregnancies. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Biology. 59 (1), pp. 91-94.
Elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in fetal distress.
Crawford, R., Hills, F., Farkas, A. and Chard, T. 1995. Elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in fetal distress. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 102 (7), pp. 538-540.
Lack of evidence for a circadian rhythm of IGFBP-1 in the mother and fetus during labour.
Harding, S., Mensah, A., Hills, F., Howell, R. and Chard, T. 1995. Lack of evidence for a circadian rhythm of IGFBP-1 in the mother and fetus during labour. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 102 (11), pp. 891-893.
Raised circulating levels of interleukin-6 in women with an intrauterine contraceptive device.
Wolley, J., Saleem, S., Hills, F., Salem, H., El-Nashar, E. and Chard, T. 1996. Raised circulating levels of interleukin-6 in women with an intrauterine contraceptive device. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 42 (4), pp. 241-243.
Circulating levels of IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-1 throughout pregnancy: relation to birthweight and maternal weight.
Hills, F., English, J. and Chard, T. 1996. Circulating levels of IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-1 throughout pregnancy: relation to birthweight and maternal weight. Journal of Endocrinology. 148 (2), pp. 303-309. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1480303
Mechanism of action of the intrauterine contraceptive device: evidence for a specific biochemical deficiency in the endometrium.
Seleem, S., Hills, F., Salem, H., El-Nashar, E. and Chard, T. 1996. Mechanism of action of the intrauterine contraceptive device: evidence for a specific biochemical deficiency in the endometrium. Human Reproduction. 11 (6), pp. 1220-1222.
Antenatal dexamethasone therapy does not affect circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1.
Ogueh, O., Hills, F., Chard, T. and Johnson, M. 1998. Antenatal dexamethasone therapy does not affect circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1. Human Reproduction. 13 (6), pp. 1714-1716. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/13.6.1714
Effects of co-trimoxazole, erythromycin, amoxycillin, tetracycline and chloroquine on sperm function in vitro
Hargreaves, C., Rogers, S., Hills, F., Rahman, F., Howell, R. and Homa, S. 1998. Effects of co-trimoxazole, erythromycin, amoxycillin, tetracycline and chloroquine on sperm function in vitro. Human Reproduction. 13 (7), pp. 1878-1886.
Polyclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha Fab used as an ancillary treatment for severe malaria.
Looareesuwan, S., Sjorstrom, L., Krudsood, S., Wilairatana, P., Porter, R., Hills, F. and Warrell, D. 1999. Polyclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha Fab used as an ancillary treatment for severe malaria. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and hygiene. 61 (1), pp. 26-33.
Reciprocal imprinting of human GRB10 in placental trophoblast and brain: evolutionary conservation of reversed allelic expression
Monk, D., Arnaud, P., Frost, J., Hills, F., Stanier, P., Feil, R. and Moore, G. 2009. Reciprocal imprinting of human GRB10 in placental trophoblast and brain: evolutionary conservation of reversed allelic expression. Human Molecular Genetics. 18 (16), pp. 3066-3074. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddp248
Heparin prevents programmed cell death in human trophoblast
Hills, F., Abrahams, V., Gonzalez-Timon, B., Francis, J., Cloke, B., Hinkson, L., Rai, R., Regan, L., Mor, G., Sullivan, M., Lam, E. and Brosens, J. 2006. Heparin prevents programmed cell death in human trophoblast. Molecular Human Reproduction. 12 (4), pp. 237-242.
A longitudinal study of maternal plasma insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 concentrations during normal pregnancy and pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia
Anim-Nyame, N., Hills, F., Soorana, S., Steer, P. and Johnson, M. 2000. A longitudinal study of maternal plasma insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 concentrations during normal pregnancy and pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia. Human Reproduction. 15 (10), pp. 2215-2219. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/15.10.2215
Interactions between progesterone receptor isoforms in myometrial cells in human labour
Pieber, D., Allport, V., Hills, F., Johnson, M. and Bennett, P. 2001. Interactions between progesterone receptor isoforms in myometrial cells in human labour. Molecular Human Reproduction. 7 (9), pp. 875-879. https://doi.org/10.1093/molehr/7.9.875
Regulated expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription, Stat5, and its enhancement of PRL expression in human endometrial stromal cells in vitro
Mak, I., Brosens, J., Christian, M., Hills, F., Chamley, L., Regan, L. and White, J. 2002. Regulated expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription, Stat5, and its enhancement of PRL expression in human endometrial stromal cells in vitro. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 87 (6), pp. 2581-2588. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.87.6.2581
Progesterone represses interleukin-8 and cyclo-oxygenase-2 in human lower segment fibroblast cells and amnion epithelial cells
Loudon, J., Elliott, C., Hills, F. and Bennett, P. 2003. Progesterone represses interleukin-8 and cyclo-oxygenase-2 in human lower segment fibroblast cells and amnion epithelial cells. Biology of Reproduction. 69 (1), pp. 331-337.
The relationship between insulin and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 is modified by pre-eclampsia.
Anim-Nyame, N., Hills, F., Soorana, S., Steer, P. and Johnson, M. 2003. The relationship between insulin and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 is modified by pre-eclampsia. Gynecological endocrinology.. 17 (6), pp. 471-476. https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590312331290408
The insulin-like growth factor system in mammalian pregnancy: a workshop report
Carter, A., Hills, F., O'Gorman, D., Robets, C., Soorana, S., Watson, C. and Westwood, M. 2004. The insulin-like growth factor system in mammalian pregnancy: a workshop report. Placenta. 25 (Supple), pp. S53-S56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2004.01.019
Imprinting of IGF2 P0 transcript and novel alternatively spliced INS-IGF2 isoforms show differences between mouse and human
Monk, D., Sanches, R., Arnaud, P., Apostolidou, S., Hills, F., Abu-Amero, S., Murrell, A., Friess, H., Reik, W. and Stanier, P. 2006. Imprinting of IGF2 P0 transcript and novel alternatively spliced INS-IGF2 isoforms show differences between mouse and human. Human Molecular Genetics. 15 (8), pp. 1259-1269. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddl041
STOX1 is not imprinted and is not likely to be involved in preeclampsia.
Hills, F., Iglesias-Platas, I., Jebbink, J. and Monk, D. 2007. STOX1 is not imprinted and is not likely to be involved in preeclampsia. Nature Genetics. 39 (3), pp. 279-280. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0307-279
Limited evolutionary conservation of imprinting in the human placenta
Hills, F., Apostolidou, S., Arnaud, P. and Monk, D. 2006. Limited evolutionary conservation of imprinting in the human placenta. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (17), pp. 6623-6628. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0511031103
Regulation of human villous trophoblast by insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1
Hills, F., Chard, T., Elder, M. and Sullivan, M. 2004. Regulation of human villous trophoblast by insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1. Journal of Endocrinology. 183 (3), pp. 487-496. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.05867