Faculty of Business and Law


TitleFaculty of Business and Law
AlternativeBAL
UniversityMiddlesex University London
CampusLondon

Latest research outputs

Sort by Date Title
To practice justice and right’ – international aviation liability: have lessons been learnt?
Fox, S. 2015. To practice justice and right’ – international aviation liability: have lessons been learnt? International Journal of Public Law and Policy. 5 (2), pp. 162-182. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPLAP.2015.071027

Article

CONTEST’ing Chicago origins and reflections: lest we forget!
Fox, S. 2015. CONTEST’ing Chicago origins and reflections: lest we forget! International Journal of Private Law. 8 (1), pp. 79-98. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPL.2015.066719

Article

The evolution of aviation: in times of war and peace: blood tears and salvation
Fox, S. 2014. The evolution of aviation: in times of war and peace: blood tears and salvation. International Journal on World Peace. 31 (4), pp. 49-79.

Article

Safety and security: the influence of 9/11 to the EU framework for air carriers and aircraft operators
Fox, S. 2014. Safety and security: the influence of 9/11 to the EU framework for air carriers and aircraft operators. Research in Transportation Economics. 45, pp. 24-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2014.07.004

Article

Environmental management best practices: towards social innovation
Batle, J., Orfila-Sintes, F. and Moon, C. 2018. Environmental management best practices: towards social innovation. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 69, pp. 14-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.10.013

Article

Business Ethics: Facing Up To The Issues
Moon, C. and Bonny, C. 2001. Business Ethics: Facing Up To The Issues. UK The Economist Books.

Book

Vanishing peripheries and shifting centres: structural certainties or negotiated ambiguities?
Harrison, D. 2015. Vanishing peripheries and shifting centres: structural certainties or negotiated ambiguities? in: Singh, T. (ed.) Challenges in Tourism Research Bristol Channel View.

Book chapter

Sensing endogenous seasonality in the case of a coffee supply chain
Shukla, V. and Naim, M. 2018. Sensing endogenous seasonality in the case of a coffee supply chain. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications. 21 (3), pp. 279-299. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2017.1395829

Article

Looking East but learning from the West? Tourism in East Asia
Harrison, D. 2016. Looking East but learning from the West? Tourism in East Asia. International Conference on Emerging Tourism in the Changing World. University of Chiang Mai, Thailand pp. 1-46

Conference keynote

Mass Tourism in a small world: new challenges and boundaries
Harrison, D. 2014. Mass Tourism in a small world: new challenges and boundaries. International Conference on Tourism (ICOT). University of Naples, Italy pp. 1-22

Conference keynote

The radicalization of democracy: conflict, social movements and terrorism
Ruggiero, V. 2017. The radicalization of democracy: conflict, social movements and terrorism. Critical Criminology. 25 (4), pp. 593-607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-017-9373-8

Article

Tourism and development: what has development theory done for us?
Harrison, D. 2014. Tourism and development: what has development theory done for us? International Conference on Tourism and Development: Growth and Diversity. Chiang Mai University, Thailand 29 - 30 Aug 2014 pp. 1-30

Conference keynote

Tourists, mobilities and paradigms
Harrison, D. 2017. Tourists, mobilities and paradigms. Tourism Management. 63, pp. 329-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.07.002

Article

Do tourists have obligations as well as rights?
Harrison, D. 2016. Do tourists have obligations as well as rights? Tourism Recreation Research. 41 (1), pp. 101-103. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2016.1138738

Article

Looking East but learning from the West? Mass tourism and emerging nations
Harrison, D. 2016. Looking East but learning from the West? Mass tourism and emerging nations. Asian Journal of Tourism Research. 1 (2), pp. 1-36. https://doi.org/10.12982/AJTR.2016.0014

Article

Development theory and tourism in developing countries: what has theory ever done for us?
Harrison, D. 2015. Development theory and tourism in developing countries: what has theory ever done for us? International Journal of Asia Pacific Studies. 11 (S1), pp. 53-82.

Article

Introduction: mass tourism in a small world
Harrison, D. and Sharpley, R. 2017. Introduction: mass tourism in a small world. in: Harrison, D. and Sharpley, R. (ed.) Mass Tourism in a Small World Wallingford CAB International. pp. 1-14

Book chapter

Educating tourism students in the South Pacific: changing cultures, changing economies
Harrison, D. 2014. Educating tourism students in the South Pacific: changing cultures, changing economies. in: Airey, D. and Dredge, D. (ed.) The Routledge Handbook of Tourism and Hospitality Education London Routledge. pp. 225-234

Book chapter

Pro-poor tourism: a critique
Harrison, D. 2015. Pro-poor tourism: a critique. in: Sharpley, R. (ed.) Tourism and Development, Vol 4: Contemporary Tourism and Development Issues London Sage.

Book chapter

Tourism and postcards from the colonial periphery: vintage postcards from Fiji
Harrison, D. 2015. Tourism and postcards from the colonial periphery: vintage postcards from Fiji. in: Harrison, D. and Pratt, S. (ed.) Tourism in Pacific Islands: current issues and future challenges Abingdon Routledge. pp. 39-62

Book chapter

Tourism in Pacific islands: current issues and future challenges
Harrison, D. and Pratt, S. 2015. Tourism in Pacific islands: current issues and future challenges. in: Pratt, S. and Harrison, D. (ed.) Tourism in Pacific Islands: Current Issues and Future Challenges Abingdon Routledge. pp. 3-21

Book chapter

The shifting cinematic portrayal of managers in the United States post-2008
Houssart, M. 2018. The shifting cinematic portrayal of managers in the United States post-2008. European Journal of American Culture. 37 (3), pp. 223-239. https://doi.org/10.1386/ejac.37.3.223_1

Article

'Send us more arms!' Bringing British women into war production through films in World War Two
Croucher, R. and Houssart, M. 2018. 'Send us more arms!' Bringing British women into war production through films in World War Two. Labor History. 59 (2), pp. 121-137. https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2018.1385883

Article

Parliaments as compliance partners in the European Convention on Human Rights system
Donald, A. 2017. Parliaments as compliance partners in the European Convention on Human Rights system. in: Saul, M., Follesdal, A. and Ulfstein, G. (ed.) The International Human Rights Judiciary and National Parliaments: Europe and Beyond Cambridge Cambridge University Press (CUP). pp. 75-109

Book chapter

PROMISING THE DREAM: Changing destination image of London through the effect of website place
Foroudi, P., Akarsu, T., Ageeva, E., Foroudi, M., Dennis, C. and Melewar, T. 2018. PROMISING THE DREAM: Changing destination image of London through the effect of website place. Journal of Business Research. 83, pp. 97-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.10.003

Article

Editorial [introduction: Sustainable Place Marketing]
Stylidis, D. and Terzidou, M. 2017. Editorial [introduction: Sustainable Place Marketing]. International Journal of Tourism Policy. 7 (3), pp. 173-176.

Article

Discrimination and the law (2nd ed.)
Sargeant, M. 2017. Discrimination and the law (2nd ed.). Abingdon, Oxon Routledge.

Book

Financial crime: institutional and anti-institutional violence
Ruggiero, V. 2017. Financial crime: institutional and anti-institutional violence. in: Brisman, A., Carrabine, E. and South, N. (ed.) The Routledge Companion to Criminological Theory and Concepts Routledge. pp. 280-315

Book chapter

Bilan
Schabas, W. 2017. Bilan. in: Beauvalet, O. (ed.) Dictionnaire encyclopédique de la justice pénale internationale Boulogne-Billancourt Berger-Levreault. pp. 127-131

Book chapter

The prosecution of war crimes under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
Cullen, A. 2017. The prosecution of war crimes under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Guest Lecture. Symbiosis Law School, Hyderabad, India 26 Sep 2017

Conference item

Identity and difference - re-thinking UK South Asian entrepreneurship
McPherson, M. 2017. Identity and difference - re-thinking UK South Asian entrepreneurship. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy. 11 (5), pp. 564-589. https://doi.org/10.1108/jec-04-2016-0012

Article

Value co-creation through multiple shopping channels: the interconnections with social exclusion and wellbeing
Dennis, C., Bourlakis, M., Alamanos, E., Papagiannidis, S. and Brakus, J. 2017. Value co-creation through multiple shopping channels: the interconnections with social exclusion and wellbeing. International Journal of Electronic Commerce. 21 (4), pp. 517-547. https://doi.org/10.1080/10864415.2016.1355644

Article

Spirituality and law: reflections on the universality of humanitarian concern
Cullen, A. 2017. Spirituality and law: reflections on the universality of humanitarian concern. in: Pushpalatha, S., Sathya, V., Sharmila, A. and Venmathi, C. (ed.) Science and Spirituality in Literature L Ordine Nuovo Publication. pp. 303-305

Book chapter

Double standards and the quest for justice
Schabas, W. 2017. Double standards and the quest for justice. in: Totten, S. (ed.) Last Lectures on the Prevention and Intervention of Genocide London Routledge. pp. 282-289

Book chapter

The Death Detectives
Cotton, E., Fuller, S., Morgan, D., Caruso, M., Eden, A., Luvera, A., Stokoe, P., DeRose, T. and Gieve, M. Cotton, E. (ed.) 2016. The Death Detectives. https://a-body-of-work-tpg.tumblr.com The Photographers Gallery.

Book

Surviving Work: survival guide for people working on the frontline of healthcare
Cotton, E. 2016. Surviving Work: survival guide for people working on the frontline of healthcare. www.survivingworkinhealth.org Tavistock & Portman NHS Foundation Trust & Surviving Work.

Book

Thinkers in Residence: An EBook for Thinking
Cotton, E., Evans, J., Whitehead, O., Briggs, J., Loewenthal, D., Fuller, S., Weintrobe, S., Eden, A. and Morgan, D. Cotton, E. and Whitehead, O. (ed.) 2017. Thinkers in Residence: An EBook for Thinking. https://a-body-of-work-tpg.tumblr.com The Photographers Gallery.

Book

Constructing solidarities at work: relationality and the methods of emancipatory education
Cotton, E. 2018. Constructing solidarities at work: relationality and the methods of emancipatory education. Capital and Class. 42 (2), pp. 315-331. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309816817723284

Article

The benefits of being understood: the role of ethnic identity confirmation in knowledge acquisition by expatriates
Fan, S., Cregan, C., Harzing, A. and Köhler, T. 2018. The benefits of being understood: the role of ethnic identity confirmation in knowledge acquisition by expatriates. Human Resource Management. 57 (1), pp. 327-339. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21839

Article

Socio-economic inequalities in health among older adults in two rural sub-districts in India and Bangladesh: a comparative cross-sectional study
Rahman, M., Khan, H., Hafford-Letchfield, T. and Sultana, R. 2017. Socio-economic inequalities in health among older adults in two rural sub-districts in India and Bangladesh: a comparative cross-sectional study. Asian Population Studies. 13 (3), pp. 292-305. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2017.1364461

Article

  • 1117376
    total views
  • 334026
    total downloads
  • 35265
    views this month
  • 10115
    downloads this month

People

Abbott, John

Abdul-Rahim, Jo

AbedRabbo, Majd

Acar, Emine Canan

Acik, Necla

Adams, David

Adamson, Maria

Ahamed, Manjida

Ahmad, Bushra

Ahmad, Jas

Akbar, Sabrina

Akhlaghpour, Saeed

Alfadil, Esra

Aliyu, Sulaiman

Allen, Bruce

Alleyne, Josephine

Altman, Yochanan

Amatrudo, Anthony

Amin, Ruhul

Andriotis, Konstantinos

Angelovski, Andrej

Annan-Diab, Fatima

Aptourachman, Sampachentin

Arora, Angeli

Ashaiku, Ogbevire

Awad Harharah, Wardah

Aybak, Tunc

Azar, Goudarz

Azizzadeh, Satkeen

Bace, Edward

Badreddine, Sina

Bakhru, Anjali

Bak, Ozlem

Balsera, Manuel

Barn, Sukhbinder

Barton-Hanson, Renu

Basir, Muhammad

Batsaikhan, Mongoljin

Battor, Moustafa

Beauregard, Tanya

Bedkowska, Dominika

Bernaz, Nadia

Beschizza, Franco

Best, Simon

Bignoux, Stephane

Bladen, Helena

Bleakley, Paul

Bleasdale, Sue

Blitz, Brad

Boddy, Clive

Boulter, Louise

Bournakis, Ioannis

Bradbury, Paula

Bradshaw, Sarah

Branas Garza, Pablo

Brennan, David

Brennan, Geraldine

Broad, Martin

Brookes, Michael

Broughton, Alison

Brunner, Fabian

Bueno, Alex

Burhan, Muhammad

Burnett, Amy

Burton, Marie

Busingye, Enid

Cai, Helen

Calvo, Sara

Camean, Jose

Capraro, Valerio

Cardoso, Michael

Casey, Tristan

Castellino, Joshua

Celini, Luciano

Cerrone, Claudia

Chabe-Ferret, Bastien

Chandler, Nick

Chanegriha, Melisa

Chang, Shing-Wan

Chang, Sin Mun

Chapman, Alexis

Chapman, Jeremy

Cherifi, Barbora

Choi, Jeeyeon

Chowdhury, Tahminaz

Christou, Anastasia

Clarke, Andre

Clarke, Lisa

Clark, Nicholas

Clay, Heather

Cockerton, Tracey

Cole, Alison

Coleman, Michelle

Cook, Garreth

Corkin, Joseph

Cortese, Delia

Cotton, Elizabeth

Cracknell, Matt

Croucher, Richard

Cullen, Anthony

Curwen, Thomas

Dabescki, Nattacia

Da Forte Fernandes Salgado Bernardo, Nuno

Dagan, Yaar

Daguerre, Anne

Dai, Yun

D'Angelo, Alessio

Danial, Bobby

Danilovich, Hanna

Dashtipour, Parisa

Davidson, Julia

Dawney, Mike

De Almeida Pereira, Fatima

DeMello-Bouttell, Alison

Demir, Ayse Bingol

Demir, Ishak

Dennis, Charles

Derbyshire, James

Deshmukh, Nitin

De Tommaso, Alessandra

Devadasan, Tina

Devereux, Luke

Dickie, John

Dikerdem, Mehmetali

Dilmperi, Athina

Dines, Nicholas

Dinnie, Keith

Dodd, Sarah

Doherty, Daniel

Dominguez, Francisco

Dominguez-Redondo, Elvira

Donald, Alice

Donohoe, Stephen

Dowling, Emma

Doyle, Cathal

Ductor Gomez, Lorenzo

Duke, Karen

Durant, Alan

Eastman, Christine

Economou, Socrates

Edwards, Sarah

Eisenschitz, Aram

Ekanem, Ignatius

Elf, Patrick

Engel, Steve

Enill, Conrad

Erkin, Ilke

Erstad, Margaret

Etherington, David

Evans, Melvyn

Evans, Tim

Exadaktylos, Filippos

Faulkner-Mellor, George

Feldbauer, Isabel Giannina

Fertl, Jutta

Fleming, Dougal

Fletcher, John

Fletcher, Robin

Flury, Evelyne

Flynn, Matthew

Foroudi, Pantea

Fox, Sarah

Franklin, Ellie

Freeman, Tim

Frost, Stewart

Georgescu, Gabriela

Ghaffari, Firoozeh

Gibbs, Jacqueline

Gilbert, Jeremie

Gillet, Joris

Goh, Chee How Lanx

Gooderham, Paul

Goodman, Anthony

Gottschalk, Sylvia

Graham, Naomi

Grahl, John

Gramcheva, Lyubomira

Granger, Rachel

Grechyna, Daryna

Green, Mike

Griseri, Paul

Grogan, Joelle

Grondin, Agnes

Gruber, Christian

Guest, Carly

Haddock-Millar, Julie

Harding, Lisa

Harding, Simon

Harrer, Theresia

Harrison, David

Hartog, Mary

Harzing, Anne-Wil

Hashmi, Ikra

Hawthorne, Helen

Healey, Kristopher

Hettiarachchi, Chandima

Hewlett, Denise

Hill, Samuel

Hogg, Simon

Holness, Sabrina

Hong, Sizhe

Hooks, Paul

Hopkins, Michaela

Hough, Peter

Hourani, Sara

Houssart, Mark

Howard, Erica

Hunter, Josephine

Hussain, Shilan Fuad

Icoz, Gulay

Irving, Abbie

Iseni, Urim

Iturbe Calderon, Alice

Ivanov, Plamen

Izegwire, Irene

Jackson, Terence

Jäger, Melissa

James, Philip

Janse Van Vuren, Melanie

Javanmardi Kashan, Alireza

Jeffrey, Heather

Jeffrey, Jackie

Jerez Jerez, Maria

Jiang, Chunxia

Jiang, Yan

Jimenez Jimenez, Natalia

Jin, Zhongqi

Johnson, Dale

Jones, Jennifer

Jones, Mariette

Jones, Richard

Joseph, Ian

Juntti, Meri

Kalman, Danny

Kandiah, Sri

Karamalidou, Anastasia

Kartasova, Jekaterina

Katsirea, Irini

Kaur, Herminder

Keane, David

Keles, Yilmaz

Kerin, Lughaidh

Kernohan, David

Khalid, Ibrahim

Khan, Hafiz

Khan, Ibrahim

Khan, Muhammad

Khan, Nuruzzaman

Kilmister, Tony

Kinski, Michael

Kitz, Rudolf

Kline, Roger

Knabe-Nicol, Susanne

Koerver, Philipp

Kofman, Eleonore

Konstantas, Emily

Koochaki, Amirali

Kornilaki, Marianna

Kourtoubelides, Michael

Koutecky, Tomas

Kuang, Rongyu

Kujal, Praveen

Kukovec, Damjan

Kyriacou, Orthodoxia

Lamsma, Jelle

Langley, Natalie

Langwallner, David

Lapidus, Jelena

Lassila, Anna

Lazzarino, Runa

Leach, Christopher

Leach, Philip

Lee, Hsing-Fen

Lehner, Othmar

Leigh, Susan

Lestar, Tamas

Lewis, Dave

Lewis, Suzan

Leyva, Rodolfo

Li, Jiami

Lim, Suki

Li, Pingli

Li, Qiuping

Li, Tianchen

Liu, Aying

Lodato, Simon

Lodh, Suman

Looby, Clair

Loumansky, Amanda

Lyon, Fergus

Mabey, Christopher

Maccassey-Boimah, Jeneba

MacGregor, Susanne

Maghzi, Atefeh

Magpayo, John

Maguire, Kate

Mahmoud, Abdelsattar

Mailer, Daniel

Malone, Stephen

Manyiwa, Simon

Mao, Yan

Mark, Annabelle

Marquis, Louise

Martellozzo, Elena

Martins, Lola

Masangkay, Joanna

Mathew, Jossy

Maticevic, Leona

Matos Serodio, Pedro

Mavridis, Christos

Mayo, Andrew

Mc Donagh, Thomas

McDonald, Kevin

Mcewan, Niki

McGlone, Michael

McGowan, Marion

McIlroy, John

Mckenzie, Lisa

McPherson, Mark

McQuarrie, Tricia

Meggyesfalvi, Boglarka

Melewar, TC

Mew, Susan

Miles, Derek

Miles, Lilian

Miller, Rhys

Milne, Emma

Mitea, Ioana

Miteva, Viktoria

Mithani, Vinita

Mitrovska, Teodora

Mohammadipour, Maryam

Mohiuddin, Yusaf

Monrose, Kenny

Montagna, Nicola

Mooi, Samantha

Moon, Christopher

Moore, Phoebe

Moran, Niall

Morrison, Claudio

Moss, Jack

Mourouti, Olga

Muhammad, Syed

Mukhopadhyay, Rick

Mulcahy, Sue

Mulholland, Jonathan

Munk, Tine

Muntahder, Jonathan

Munusamy, Kiruba

Naghieh, Ali

Narkowicz, Kasia

Navare, Jyoti

Nejatali, Niayesh

Nessa, Azizun

Neville, Lucy

Nguyen, Ann-Ngoc

Nguyen, Quang

Nguyen, Tuan

Nicholds, Alyson

Nimmyel, Vinitha

Nsubuga, Hamiisi Junior

Nurse, Angus

Nyoni, Eneless

O'Conchuir, Michael

O'Connor, Jennie

Odunukan, Kenny

O'Garra, Tanya

Okorafor, Chiedozie

Olmos Giupponi, Belen

Ortiz Gomez, Jose

Overton, Lisa

Owen, Robyn

Oyelere, Temi

Ozarow, Daniel

Pallotta, Alberto

Pancholi, Jatin

Pancholi, Kinnari

Papadouka, Myrna

Papanastasiou, Marina

Park, Changwon

Park, Hyung Yu

Park, Jae Hwan

Park, Sungeun

Parsa, Sepideh

Pascoe, Susan

Pasura, Dominic

Patel, Kirit

Paterson, Charles

Patrick, Alex

Pauley, Matthew

Pearson, Katharine

Pech, Laurent

Pecorella, Giulia

Pérez Lizano, Fernando Javier

Pérez-Restrepo, Camilo

Petkova, Bilyana

Peyrefitte, Magali

Pickard, Rob

Pinto, Dinis

Pomphrey, Andrew

Porteous, David

Potts, Kate

Poulis, Efthimios

Poulis, Konstantinos

Priporas, Costas

Prouska, Rea

Qu, Hongyan

Rajabali Pour, Saeid

Ramakrishnan, Sumeetra

Ramos de Pereira Ribeiro, Carlos

Rascon Ramirez, Ericka

Ravesh, Shakila

Regan, Patrick

Rehman, Mobashar

Richards, Genelle

Rigby, Chris

Rivoal, Dominique

Rizov, Marian

Roberts, Kylie

Roberts, Simon

Rodriguez-Lara, Ismael

Rohani, Alireza

Rüegsegger-Jann, Anna

Ruggiero, Vincenzo

Russell, Steve

Ryan, Louise

Ryder, Agi

Saghiri, Soroosh

Sahebjamnia, Navid

Sailofsky, Daniel

Saini, Rima

Santander O'Brien, Hector

Santos, Clarice

Sanu, Farhathul

Sanyal, Chandana

Sargeant, Malcolm

Savic, Maja

Saxon, David

Scally, Mia

Schabas, William

Schatzberger, Elliot

Scheidt, Patrick

Scheimer, Mathias

Schroder, Edgar

Schulte, Lisa

Sepulveda Ramirez, Leandro

Serrantino, Giuseppe

Shepherd, Ifan

Shiner, Bethany

Shukla, Vinaya

Siebers, Johan

Slater, Alix

Smith Clavería, Carlos

Soare, Andreea

Sodha, Ashish

Soliman, Salma

Sothcott, Keir

Soylu, Soydan

Spagni, Riccardo

Srivastava, Ashok

Staub, Natalie

Staunton, Ciara

Stephens, Sian

Stone, Zita

Stumbitz, Bianca

Stylidis, Dimitrios

Suerdem, Ahmet

Sund, Kristian

Su, Rui

Sutton, Brian

Sutton, Louise

Syrett, Stephen

Tahir, Shahzea Fathma Abbas

Tang, Li

Taylor, Lucas

Terzidou, Matina

Tham, Huyen Anh

Thandar, Mya

Thayalam, Manogari

Thickett, Anthony

Thompson, Bruce

Trebilcock, Julie

Tufan, Pinar

Uddin, Mohammed Salah

Ueno, Akiko

Ugbaja, April

Upchurch, Martin

Ustek, Sera

Vacchelli, Elena

Van Meurs, Nathalie

Vassileva, Radosveta

Vecchi, Michela

Vedanthachari, Lakshmi Narasimhan

Vera Peña, Jaime

Veysi, Seran

Vickers, Ian

Wade, Sean

Waligo, Victoria

Walsh, John

Wang, Shan

Ward, Jenni

Watkins, Los

Watt, Eliza

Weidenfeld, Adi

Wend, Petra

Werner, Andrea

Wheeler, Caleb

Wignall, Andrew

Wilson, Doirean

Wong, Marie

Woo, Hong

Wray, Helena

Wu, Kailin

Yeap, Kooi See

Yiasemi, Aphrodite

York, Toby

Yu, Chong

Yusuf, Afees

Zhang, Xiaomo

Zhang, Xufei

Zhao, Lijun

Zhao, Shasha